SECON n '".OP*. 






LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



Chap. Copyright No.... 

Shelf„..V 3 x^ 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



PRACTICAL 

Materia Medica for Nurses 

WITH AN 

APPENDIX 



CONTAINING POISONS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES, WITH POISON- 
EMERGENCIES ; MINERAL WATERS; WEIGHTS AND 
MEASURES; DOSE-LIST; AND A GLOSSARY 
OF THE TERMS USED IN MATERIA 
MEDICA AND THERA- 
PEUTICS 



BY 

Emily A. M. Stoney 

Graduate of the Training-School for Nurses, Lawrence, Mass ; late Head 

Nurse, Mercy Hospital, Chicago, Illinois; late Superintendent of 

Training-School for Nurses, Carney Hospital, South 

Boston, Mass. ; Author of " Practical 

Points in Nursing " 



PHILADELPHIA 
W. B. SAUNDERS 

925 Walnut Stkeet 
1899 






Copyright, 1899, 
By W. B. SAUNDERS. 



TWOCOPI&6 KECeiVED. 




« 



s\ 



/zi 






ELECTROTYPED BY 
WESTCOTT & THOMSON, PHILADA, 



PRESS OF 
W. B. SAUNDERS, PHILADA. 






TO 

Arthur Stuart Allen, M. D. 

THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED 

BY 

THE AUTHOR 



PREFACE. 



In preparing the following pages for publication, it 
has been my endeavor to make them as practical as 
possible, including only the source of the drugs, their 
action and uses, dosage, and the symptoms and treat- 
ment of poisoning. 

They constitute the notes of a series of lectures de- 
livered as a companion, so to speak, to " Practical Points 
in Nursing," and have been arranged in alphabetical 
order for a more ready reference. 

The first part of the book is devoted to the general 
considerations and classification of drugs. 

The second part, to the subject-matter proper of the 
lectures. 

The third part, or appendix, contains Poison-emergen- 
cies, Poisons and their Antidotes, Emetics, Mineral 
Waters, Weights and Measures, Dose-list, Glossary, etc. 

The doses of all drugs have been given in both the 
Apothecaries' and Metric Weights. 

In compiling the notes, free use has been made of the 
works of Hare, Potter, Brunton, Bruce, Thornton, the 
lectures on " Poisons " by Dr. William H. Devine, the 
lectures on " Materia Medica and Therapeutics " by 



6 PREFACE. 

Professor Arthur R. Edwards, of the Northwestern 
University Medical College, and my own notes of three 
courses of clinical lectures. 

My thanks are due to Dr. Arthur Stuart Allen for his 
great assistance in revising the notes, and to Professor 
Frank Marion Kindig, of the Northwestern University 
Medical College, for assistance with the proofs and for 
his suggestions and criticisms, which have been invaluable. 

EMILY A. M. STONEY. 



CONTENTS. 



PAGE 

PART I. — General Considerations, and the Classification 
of Drugs. 

Introductory 9 

Classification of Drugs 19 

PART II.— Materia Medica 34 

PART III. 

Poison Emergencies 226 

Mineral Waters 235 

Weights and Measures 237 

Confinement Table 240 

Dose-List 242 

Abbreviations 265 

Glossary 267 

Index 279 

7 



PART I. 

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS, AND THE CLASSI 
FICATION OF DRUGS. 



INTRODUCTORY. 



Materia Medica is that branch of medical science 
which treats of the remedies employed in medicine, their 
origin, names, modes of preparation and administration, 
doses in which they may be given, and their physiologi- 
cal and toxicological actions. 

Remedies are divided into two classes, local and general. 
A local remedy acts on a particular organ or part; a 
general remedy acts on the whole system. 

I/Ocal remedies are divided into four classes : 

1. Those which affect the function of a part \ such as 
anesthetics, cathartics, cholagogues, diuretics, emmena- 
gogues, diaphoretics, expectorants, oxytocics, errhines, 
and sialagogues. 

2. Those which affect the organization of a part : Caus- 
tics or escharotics, epispastics or vesicants, and rubefaci- 
ents. 

3. Those which have a mechanical action : Emollients, 
demulcents, and protectives. 

4. Those which act on extraneous matter within the 
organs : Absorbents, antacids anthelmintics disinfectants, 
and solvents. 



IO PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

The six principal avenues of medication are : 

1. The mouth (stomach). 

2. The rectum. 

3. The cellular tissue (subcutaneously). 

4. The skin (inunction). 

5. The lungs (inhalation). 

6. The denuded skin (blisters). 

The Mouth. — This is the first and best means of 
medication. Medicines are given by mouth for their 
local action on the alimentary canal and to be absorbed 
from it. When local action upon the stomach is desired, 
the medicine should be given when the viscus is empty 
in order that it may come in contact with all parts of the 
gastric mucous membrane. If slow absorption is desired 
or it is necessary to avoid irritating the stomach, the medi- 
cine is given after meals, during the process of gastric di- 
gestion. When it is desired that absorption shall take 
place from the intestines, the medicine should be given 
from two to three hours after a meal, when the gastric 
digestion is almost completed and the partly digested 
food is being swept into the intestinal canal. The 
absorption of drugs, from the stomach and intestines, it 
must be remembered, may be considerably retarded and 
their action diminished by the liver, because, before 
reaching the general circulation, medicines absorbed from 
the intestinal canal usually pass through the liver, and 
in their passage they may be partially destroyed, or 
temporarily arrested and excreted again into the intestine 
along with the bile. 

When given for its local action on the mouth or 
pharynx, medicine should be given one or two hours 
before or after meals ; its effect will then be more pro- 



GENERAL CONSIDER A T/ONS. 1 1 

longed than when taken immediately before meals, since 
there will be no danger of the drug being wiped off in 
the process of mastication and swallowing. 

The Rectum. — When there is serious derangement 
of the stomach, or when for any reason the patient is 
unable to swallow, we find the rectum a most convenient 
avenue for absorption. When giving medicine by rec- 
tum we must remember two things : 

i. That the process of absorption is slow, but that 
much may be gained by giving the enema as high as 
possible, since the colon is less irritable than the rectum 
and is better fitted for absorption. 

2. That the surface of the lower bowel is usually 
more or less covered with material which interferes with 
absorption, and hence it should always be first cleansed 
with plain water before injecting the medicine. Medicines 
are given by the rectum in the form of enemata, sup- 
positories, and rectal capsules. The dose of the drug is 
usually twice the amount given by mouth, unless the 
medicine is very powerful or is capable of rapid absorp- 
tion. 

Hypodermic Administration (Subcutaneous In- 
jection). — Hypodermic or subcutaneous injection means 
the injecting of a drug under the skin. This method is 
resorted to when we wish to secure certain and prompt 
action, as in stimulating the heart, relieving pain, and 
in causing emesis. The dose of a drug given hypo- 
dermically is usually one-half the quantity given by the 
mouth, because it enters directly into the circulation and 
the entire dose is acting at one time, and is not modified 
by altered conditions of the organism. 

For the subcutaneous administration of drugs we 
use a hypodermic syringe. The most convienent places 



12 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

for the injection are the outside of the arms, the fore- 
arms, the chest, the abdomen, and the thighs, the injec- 
tion being made into the fleshy part, avoiding the large 
blood-vessels, nerves, and bone. The syringe should be 
cleansed by drawing through it several times a I : 20 
solution of carbolic acid, followed by very hot water. 
The needle should be boiled in a large spoonful of water 
over a gas flame. The syringe is loaded with the 
ordered solution, the needle is screwed on tightly, making 
sure that it does not leak at the junction, and the air is 
expelled by gently pressing the piston until a drop of the 
fluid escapes from the needle. 

After bathing the part with a weak solution of car- 
bolic acid (1 : 60 or 1 140), or alcohol, to ensure absolute 
cleanliness, the skin is pinched up between the thumb 
and forefinger of the left hand, and the needle is quickly 
and slantingly inserted to the depth of about half an 
inch, so as to reach the underlying muscle or fat, then 
withdrawn slightly, and the fluid slowly injected, so as 
not to cause discomfort. A gentle friction over the part 
will distribute the fluid and aid its absorption. The 
needle is quickly removed and the friction is kept up 
for a few moments. Perfect cleanliness is essential in 
the operation, otherwise an abscess may result or some 
contagious disease may be transmitted. 

After the operation the syringe should be thoroughly 
washed by drawing through it the carbolic-acid solution 
and hot water. The thin wire should be kept constantly 
in the needle to prevent the entrance of dirt. If the 
syringe is in constant use, it may be kept in a solution 
of 1 : 20 carbolic acid. If not often used, the syringe 
should be soaked every few days in hot water to prevent 
the packing from shrinking. 



GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. 1 3 

The medicines most commonly used hypodermically 
are: 

Aconitin, Alcohol, Apomorphin, Atropin, Cocain, 
Chloral, Corrosive sublimate, Digitalin (soluble), Eserin, 
Gelsemin, Hyoscin hydrobromate, Ergotin, Ether, Mor- 
phin, Picrotoxin, Pilocarpin, Physostigmin sulphate, 
Stiychnin. 

Hypodermic syringes hold from 1 5 to 30 minims. 

Intravenous injection, which is the injection of 
fluids directly into a vein, is only practised in cases of 
emergency. After copious hemorrhage blood or saline 
solutions are sometimes administered by this method. 

Inunction is the rubbing of an oil or an ointment 
into the skin either to secure its absorption, or to prevent 
contagion through fine scales thrown off from the skin 
in such diseases as scarlet fever and measles. When the 
inunction is employed to prevent contagion the body 
should be smeared from head to foot with warm sweet 
oil, coca butter, or vaselin, and the friction should be 
long and thorough. About four ounces of oil is re- 
quired at each rubbing. In order to promote absorption 
from the skin the surface should be first bathed with 
warm water. 

Mercurial Inunction. — This method of applying mer- 
cury to the skin is resorted to when the stomach is intol- 
erant of drugs, or when, administered by mouth in full 
doses, they do not favorably modify the symptoms. 

The mercury passes through the skin without produc- 
ing any irritation, and is absorbed into the circulation, 
where the general effects of the drug are produced. 
The ointment should be rubbed on those parts where 
the skin is thin and the function of absorption is greatest, 
such as the inner sides of the thighs and the armpits. 



14 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

The order of application differs somewhat. One method 
is as follows : On the first evening the patient takes a hot 
bath and puts on fresh underclothing. The second even- 
ing a piece of ointment about the size of a small nut is 
thoroughly rubbed into the skin of the inner side of the 
right thigh. On the second evening the left thigh is 
taken, and then on successive evenings the left armpit 
and the right armpit. 

Dr. William H. Devine gives the following order : 

First evening, the buttocks. 

Second evening, the thighs. 

Third evening, the side of the chest, but not the arm- 
pit. 

Fourth evening, the internal surface of the arms and 
forearm. 

Fifth evening, the back and abdomen. 

Sixth evening, omit treatment. 

Seventh evening, bathe, change underclothing, and re- 
sume treatment. 

The ointment remaining after the rubbing, which 
should be continued for fifteen minutes, should be left on 
the skin, and the patient should wear the same under- 
clothes night and day. By taking one part each evening 
irritation from the excessive friction is avoided. When 
applied to children, it is a good plan to put the ointment 
on a piece of flannel and to fasten the flannel to the 
part with a bandage. There is then no danger of the 
child spreading the ointment over other parts of the body. 
Fresh ointment should be put on the flannel eveiy day, 
even if the latter appears soiled. The nurse should 
wash her hands thoroughly after each application, since 
absorption may take place through the skin of the hands. 

Inhalation. — Inhalation is the method of adminis- 



GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. 1 5 

tering a drug in the form of a vapor or gas through the 
respiratory tract. By this means the agent is brought 
into contact with the mucous membrane of the mouth, 
nose, throat, larynx, and bronchial tubes, Inhalations 
may be dry or moist. 

Dry inhalations may be taken from a heated shovel 
or plate. The drug is placed on the shovel, and a paper 
cone is made, the broad end of which is placed over the 
drug, while the vapor is inhaled from the narrow end. 

Moist Inhalations. — Moist inhalations are employed 
to soothe the throat and trachea when these parts are 
inflamed, dry, and irritated. In the absence of a steam- 
inhaler the vaporized substances maybe inhaled from a tea- 
or a coffee-pot standing over a lamp placed by the bedside, 
or the solution may be put into a pitcher or a tin pan, 
covered with a perforated paper, through which the 
patient may inhale the vapor. The patient should 
breathe quite naturally, taking in the vapor through the 
mouth, then closing the mouth, and allowing it to escape 
through the nose, breathing five or six times in succes- 
sion before intermitting the inhalations. 

If the patient is not in bed, he should inhale the vapor 
in the evening before retiring, or if done in the daytime, 
he should remain indoors subsequently for about half an 
hour to prevent taking cold. The inhalation of moist 
air, which is sometimes ordered in croup, diphtheria, and 
after tracheotomy, may be secured by keeping kettles of 
boiling water in the room, or by placing small pieces of 
unslaked lime in pans of water. 

Endermic Medication. — This consists in the pro- 
duction of a blister, the removal of the epidermis, and 
the application of the drug in the form of a powder, 
ointment, or solution to the denuded surface. 



1 6 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

This method is now rarely used, except in cases 
where it is desirable to combine the counterirritant 
action of the blister with the local sedative effect of 
morphin. 

Absorption of Medicines. — The rapidity of absorp- 
tion depends upon four things : 

i. The state of the circulatioti. If the circulation is 
active, absorption is active ; if depressed, as in shock, for 
instance, absorption is slow. 

2. The physical state of the medicine. A drug given 
in a soluble form is absorbed more quickly than when 
given in a solid form. Drugs given in solution are more 
quickly absorbed and have greater effect than when 
given in pill or powder form. Alcoholic solutions are 
generally more quickly absorbed than water solutions. 

3. The part to which the drug is applied. Absorption 
is quickest from serous membranes, next from intercellu- 
lar tissue, and slowest from mucous membranes. The 
vascularity and rate of absorption from intercellular tis- 
sue is greater on the inner sides of the arms and legs 
than on their outer surfaces. Medicine given upon an 
empty stomach is more rapidly absorbed because it 
comes in contact with all parts of the mucous mem- 
brane and is not impeded by the presence of food. For 
instance, wine taken with dinner may have little effect, 
whereas the same amount taken on an empty stomach 
may produce intoxication. Absorption is more certain 
and rapid when the drug is given hypodermically than 
when given by the mouth or rectum, because it enters 
directly into the circulation and is not subjected to modi- 
fication by altered conditions in the stomach and intes- 
tine. In the alimentary canal there is not only the con- 
dition of the circulation to be considered, but also the 



GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. \J 

fulness or emptiness of the stomach and intestine, the 
condition of their epithelial covering and of their nervous 
supply. Certain conditions in these organs may not 
only delay, but entirely prevent, absorption. The more 
rapid the absorption or the slower the excretion of any 
drug, the greater will be its effect. Absorption from 
the lungs is rapid on account of their large blood- 
supply. 

4. The power the drug has of passing rapidly through 
a living membrane. In order to be absorbed from the 
stomach or intestines, or in any way to enter the circula- 
tion, except by direct injection, the drug must pass 
through walls of capillaries or lymphatics, and hence 
must be in solution or in a finely divided state, as in 
emulsion. But, in addition to this, the osmotic action 
of the animal membranes is evinced more markedly in 
the absorption of some drugs than in others, owing 
probably to inherent properties of their own, irrespective 
of solubility. 

Cumulative Action. — Some drugs are excreted from 
the body so slowly that the whole of one dose is not 
excreted before the next one is given, consequently the 
amount present in the body gradually increases, and 
after a while severe symptoms may appear, due to the 
accumulation of the poison in the body. This is called 
" cumulative action." 

The duration of the action of drugs depends 
chiefly upon the rapidity or slowness of their elimination 
from the body. 

Idiosyncrasy. — Idiosyncrasy is a peculiarity of con- 
stitution whereby certain individuals are affected by a 
drug or agent in a manner entirely different from the 
ordinary. Thus, in some the smallest dose of quinin 
2 



1 8 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

produces ringing in the ears and deafness, in others shell- 
fish produces hives, etc. 

Dosage. — Age, Weight, and Sex. — The dose of a 
drug is regulated by the age, weight, and sex of the 
patient. The dose for a child is one-seventh of that for 
an adult ; the dose for a woman is usually smaller than 
that for a man. Vigorous persons require larger doses 
as a rule than those who are delicate. Persons addicted 
to the use of alcoholic liquors, or to opium, morphin, 
chloral, etc., require a larger dose of that drug to pro- 
duce the desired result than a person whose system has 
not been accustomed to its use. 

Method of Administration. — The dose given hypo- 
dermically is usually one-half to one-quarter of that given 
by the mouth ; and the dose given by rectum is usually 
twice the amount given by mouth. 

Disease. — In illness the dose is increased or decreased 
according to the severity of the disease or the urgency 
of the case. Thus, very large doses of morphin are tol- 
erated in severe pain, because the action of the drug is 
spent in overcoming the pain. In cases of grave shock 
larger doses of stimulants are given than would be re- 
quired in conditions of slight depression of the circulation. 
Pregnancy, menstruation, and lactation modify the doses 
of some drugs. 

Combinations. — If a drug be given to antagonize the 
toxic effects of another drug, its dose may be larger than 
its ordinary therapeutic dose. The ordinary dose of the 
sulphate of atropin is y^- of a grain, while in opium- 
poisoning as much as from -^ to ^ of a grain may be 
given. Calomel can be given more freely if a saline cath- 
artic be given with it to prevent its cumulative effects. 

In the purgative pill consisting of aloes, belladonna, 



CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS. 1 9 

and strychnin, aloes is a mild purgative, acting chiefly 
on the lower portion of the intestines ; belladonna in- 
creases peristalsis and checks the griping excited by the 
aloes, while strychnin acts as a general tonic to the 
stomach and intestines, exerting its chief influence on 
the nervous system. 

Another instance is the combination of morphin and 
chloral given in insomnia. Chloral depresses the heart, 
and cannot be given in full doses when the heart is weak ; 
morphin not only produces sleep, but stimulates the 
heart and depresses the respiration. Hence, small doses 
of each are given together to produce sleep, so that 
neither the heart nor respiration suffers. 

Temperature. — Some drugs are more rapidly elimi- 
nated in hot weather than in cold, because the skin is 
more active. In hot climates larger doses are given than 
in cold climates, because the heat assists elimination. 

Toleration and Habit. — When a patient has been 
taking a drug for some time the system becomes accus- 
tomed to it and can tolerate a large dose without injury. 
This toleration may continue until the habit of taking the 
drug is formed. 

CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS. 
Alteratives. — Medicines which, without exerting any 
perceptible action on any particular organ, modify the 
processes of nutrition, and thus restore the normal func- 
tions of the body. 

Mercury, Iodids, Iodin, 

Arsenic, Iodoform, Ichthyol, 

Guaiac, Gold, Sulphur, 

Cod-liver oil, Iodol, Taraxacum, 

Colchicum, Xanthoxylum, Sarsaparilla. 



20 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 



Anesthetics. — Agents which destroy sensation. 
There are two varieties, local and general. General an- 
esthetics act on the central nervous system and destroy 
sensation throughout the whole body. Local anesthe- 
tics destroy the sensibility of a part by direct action on 
peripheral nerves. 



General Anesthetics. 

Ether, 
Chloroform, 
Nitrous oxid, 
Methylene bichlorid, 
Bromoform, 
Ethyl bromid, 
Ethyl chlorid. 



Local Anesthetics. 

Carbolic acid, 

Cocain, 

Ether spray, 

Ice, 

Methyl chlorid, 

Eucain, 

Chloral-camphor, 

Veratrin. 



Analgesics. — See Anodynes. 

Antacids. — Agents which neutralize acids, 
are divided into direct and remote. 

Direct antacids lessen acidity in the stomach, 
mote antacids have little power over the acidity in the 
stomach, but, by being oxidized in the blood, they are 
excreted as carbonates in the urine and so lessen its acidity. 



They 



Re- 



Direct. 

Lime-water, 

Chalk, 

Liquor potassae, 

Liquor sodae, 

Aromatic spirit of ammonia, 

Sodium carbonate, 

Sodium bicarbonate, 

Magnesia, 

Magnesium carbonate, 

Bismuth subnitrate. 



Remote. 

Lithium carbonate, 
Lithium citrate, 
Potassium carbonate, 
Potassium acetate, 
Potassium bitartrate, 
Potassium tartrate. 



CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS. 21 

Anodynes — Analgesics. — Agents which relieve 
pain. They are divided into general and local. General 
anodynes when taken internally affect the whole system. 
Local anodynes affect the part to which they are applied, 
some by lessening the excitability of the sensory nerves, 
and some by reducing the local circulation. 

Local. General. 

Moist and dry heat, Opium, 

Extreme cold, Morphin, 

Ice, Antipyrin, 

Aconite, Phenacetin, 

Opium, Acetanilid, 

Morphin, Bromids, 

Belladonna, Cannabis indica. 

Chloroform, 
Cocain, 

Ether-chloroform, 
Chloral-camphor. 
Anthelmintics. — Remedies used to kill or expel 
intestinal worms, the chief of which are round worms, 
tape-worms, and thread-worms. 

For round worms — Santonin, spigelia, chenopodium. 
For tape-worms — Cusso, filix mas, turpentine, chloro- 
form, pelletierin, kamala, pumpkin seed. 

For thread-worms — Enemas containing lime-water, 
quassia, sodium chlorid, vinegar. 

Antiperiodics. — Agents which lessen the severity or 
check the progress of certain diseases which recur peri- 
odically. They are also termed antimalarials. 
Cinchona and its alkaloids, Iodin, 
Arsenic, Eucalyptol, 

Salicin, Warburg's tincture, 

Salicylates, Bebeerin. 



22 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 



Antipyretics or Febrifuges.— Agents which re- 
duce the temperature of the body. 



Antipyrin, 
Acetanilid, 
Phenacetin, 
Quinin, 



Thallin, 
Alcohol, 
Aconite, 
Nitrous ether, 
Salicylates. 



Cold bath, 
Cold pack, 
Cold enema, 
Cold douche, 



The application of cold by bathing, douching, or 
sponging is considered the best way of lowering tem- 
perature, because of its stimulating effect upon the cir- 
culation and nervous system. 

Antiseptics. — Agents which prevent the develop- 
ment of germs or completely destroy them. They are 
used internally and externally. 

Corrosive sublimate, Boric acid, 



Iodol, 
Alcohol, 
Thymol, 
Iodoform, 
Lysol, 
Creolin, 
Oxalic acid, 
Zinc chlorid, 
Salicylic acid, 
Quinin, 
Benzoin, 
Carbolic acid, 



Formalin, 

Potassium permanganate, 

Creosote, 

Iodin, 

Peroxid of hydrogen, 

Borax, 

Oil of eucalyptus, 

Chlorid of lime 

Sulphurous acid, 

Naphthalin, 

Aristol. 

(See Disinfectants) 



Antihydrotics or Anhydroties.— Agents which 
lessen the secretion of sweat. 



Atropin, 
Cold, 



Belladonna, 
Picrotoxin, 



Sulphuric acid, 
Camphoric acid. 



CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS. 



23 



Antisialics. — Agents which decrease the flow of 

saliva. 

Atropin, Borax, Chlorate of potassium, 
Opium, Physostigmin. 

Antispasmodics.— Agents which prevent or allay 

spasm of the voluntary or involuntary muscles. 
Ether, Hoffman's anodyne, Bromids, 

Chloral, Valerian, Asafetida, 

Musk, Chloroform, Amyl nitrite, 

Camphor, Alcohol, Opium, 

Hops, Belladonna, Lobelia, 

Antipyrin, Monobromate of camphor. 
Antiijymotics. — Agents which arrest the fermentative 

processes. See Antiseptics and Disinfectants. 

Antiphlogistics. — Medicines and means which 

reduce inflammation. 

Counterirritation, Cold, Purgation, 

Rest (recumbent position), Bleeding, Mercury, 
Opium, Aconite, Antimony. 

Astringents. — Agents which cause contraction of 

the tissues and lessen secretion from mucous membranes. 

They are divided into two classes — remote and local. 

Remote astringents act on the internal organs through 

the circulation ; local astringents act on the part to which 

they are applied. 



Remote. 

Lead acetate, 
Gallic acid, 
Acid, 
Zinc oxid, 
Sulphate of copper, 



Local. 

Tannic acid, 

Alum, 

Salts of bismuth, 

Salts of iron, 

Acetate of lead, 

Gallic and tannic acid. 



24 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 



Cardiac Sedatives. — Medicines which lessen the 
frequency and force of the heart's action. 

Aconite, Veratrum viride, Tartar emetic, 
Hydrocyanic acid. 



Cardiac Stimulants. — Medicines which 
the force and frequency of the heart's action 

Ether, Alcohol, 

Caffein, Digitalis, 

Cocain, Camphor, 

Adonin, Ammonia, 



increase 



Spartein, Strychnin, 



Nitroglycerin, 
Strophanthus, 
Nitrite of amyl, 
Cactus grandiflorus, 
Hydrastinin hydrochlorate. 



Heat is one of the most powerful and most easily ob- 
tained cardiac stimulants, and, in the absence of a physi- 
cian, should take precedence of all other remedies. 

Carminatives. — Remedies which aid in the expul- 
sion of gas from the stomach and intestines by increasing 
peristalsis and stimulating the circulation. 



Oil of peppermint, 
Oil of turpentine, 
Oil of anise, 
Oil of cinnamon, 



Valerian, Chloroform, 

Cloves, Mustard, 

Ginger, Asafetida, 

Camphor, Capsicum, 
Pepper. 

Cathartics. — Agents which increase intestinal evacu- 
ations. They are divided into : 

I. Laxatives. — Drugs which produce normal stools. 

Sulphur, Castor oil (small doses), 

Figs, Calomel (small doses), 

Magnesia, Cascara sagrada, 

Prunes, Honey, 

Molasses, Citrate of magnesium. 



CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS. 2$ 

2. Purgatives are more active than laxatives, and 
produce large soft stools. 

Calomel (large doses), Aloes, Senna, 

Castor oil (large doses), Rhubarb. 

Purgatives in small doses act as laxatives, and laxatives 
in large doses become purgatives. 

3. Hydragogues. — Drugs which produce copious 
watery stools. 

Epsom salt, Jalap, Rochelle salt, 

Elaterium, Seidlitz powder, Sodium sulphate. 

4. Drastics. — Drugs which produce violent action of 
the bowels, and in large doses cause gastro-intestinal 
inflammation. 

Croton oil, Elaterium, Colocynth, 

Scammony, Gamboge. 

5. Cholagogues. — Drugs which stimulate the secre- 
tion of the liver, causing dark stools. 

Mercury, Podophyllin, Ipecac, 

Sodium phosphate, Euonymin. 

Cerebral Stimulants. — Drugs which stimulate the 
functional activity of the brain. 

Cocain, Alcohol, Strychnin, 

Caffein, Thein, Cannabis indica. 

Cerebral Depressants. — Drugs which lessen the 
activity of the brain. Under this heading are included 
hypnotics, narcotics, and general anesthetics. 



26 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Counterirritants. — Drugs which produce inflamma- 
tion of the parts to which they are applied. They re- 
lieve pain, reabsorb inflammatory products, and modify 
internal inflammatory processes. They are divided into 
rubefacients and epispastics, or vesicants. 

Rubefacients produce merely redness of the skin : 

Turpentine, Mustard, Ammonia, 

Iodin, Capsicum. 

Epispastics, or Vesicants, produce blisters : 

Strong ammonia water, Cantharides, 

Tartar emetic ointment, Croton oil. 

Deliriants. — Drugs which excite the activity of the 
brain to such a degree as to produce delirium and some- 
times convulsions. 

Alcohol (in full doses), Cannabis indica, 

Opium (during first stage), Belladonna, 
Hyoscyamus, Stramonium. 

Digestives. — Drugs which promote digestion by 
chemical action. 

Hydrochloric acid, Pancreatin, Pepsin. 

Bscharoties, or Caustics, destroy the life of the 
soft tissues to which they are applied, and form a 
slough. 

Caustic potash, Caustic soda, 

Zinc chlorid, Copper sulphate, 

Chromic acid, Silver nitrate, 

Bromin, Sulphuric acid, 

Carbolic acid, Arsenous acid, 

Nitrate of mercury solution. 



CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS. 2? 

Demulcents are substances which soothe inflamed 
mucous membranes. They are generally of a mucilag- 
inous character. 

Flaxseed tea, White of egg, Starch, 

Honey, Olive oil, Gelatin, 

Glycerin. 

Deodorants. — Remedies which destroy bad odors. 
Carbolic acid, Charcoal, Lime. 

Diaphoretics. — Remedies which increase the secre- 
tion of sweat. 

Opium, Pilocarpin, Hot packs, 

Alcohol, Hot baths, Vapor baths, 

Warburg's tincture. 

Disinfectants. — Remedies which destroy noxious 
germs. The greatest disinfectant is heat; boiling water 
will, as a rule, destroy bacteria in from five to ten minutes. 
Next to boiling water steam is the most powerful agent, 
and next to steam, hot air. The chemical agents are : 

Corrosive sublimate, Carbolic acid, Formalin, 
Chlorin, Chlorid of zinc, Salicylic acid, 

Thymol, Creolin, Lysol. 

Diuretics. — Remedies which cause an increased flow 
of urine. They are divided into refrigerant or hydra- 
gogue diuretics and stimulant diuretics. 

Stitmilant. Refrigerant. 

Turpentine, Potassium salts, 

Buchu, Sodium, 

Juniper, Digitalis, 



28 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 
Stimulant. Refrigerant. 

Copaiba, CafTein, 

Sandal wood, Strophanthus, 

Cubebs, Squill, 

Cantharides, Theobromin, 

Eucalyptus, Scoparius. 
Uva ursi, 
Benzoic acid. 

Emetics. — Remedies which induce vomiting. They 
are divided into peripheral or stimulating emetics, which 
produce emesis by direct action on the stomach ; and 
central emetics which produce their effect by acting upon 
the vomiting center in the brain. 

Peripheral Emetics. Central Emetics. 

Warm water, Apomorphin, 

Mustard, Ipecac (partly central), 

Alum, Tartar emetic (partly central). 

Zinc sulphate, 
Copper sulphate. 

Antiemetics. — Remedies which lessen nausea and 
vomiting. 

Oxalate cerium, Hot water, Crushed ice, 

Lime-water, Creosote, Cocain, 

Carbolic acid, Bismuth, Alcohol, 

Morphin, Mustard plaster over epigastrium. 

Emmenagogttes. — Remedies which restore the 
menstrual flow. They are divided into direct and in- 
direct. Direct emmenagogues are those which stimu- 
late the uterine muscular fiber ; the indirect improve the 
blood and tone up the nervous system. 



CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS. 



2 9 



Direct. 

Ergot, 

Permanganate potassium, 

Pulsatilla, 

Quinin, 

Cantharis, 

Myrrh, 

Apiol. 



Indirect. 

Iron, 

Manganese, 
Cod-liver oil, 
Strychnin, 
Mercuric iodid, 
Purgatives (aloes), 
Hot Sitz baths, 
Hot foot baths, 
Mustard Sitz baths, 
Mustard foot baths, 
Mustard stupes or 
poultices to thighs. 

Expectorants. — Remedies which increase the amount 
of sputum formed in the air-passages, or so modify its 
character as to promote its expulsion with greater ease. 
They are divided into sedative or nauseating expectorants 
and stimulant expectorants. 

Nauseating expectorants lower the blood-pressure, 
increase the secretion, and in large doses cause vomiting. 

Stimulant expectorants stimulate the bronchial mu- 
cous membrane, modify and diminish its secretion, and 
facilitate expectoration. 



Natiseating Expectorants. 

Ipecac, 
Apomorphin, 
Tartar emetic, 
Lobelia, 
Potassium citrate. 



Stimulant Expectorants. 

Terebene, 

Squill, 

Senega, 

Copaiba, 

Creosote, 

Ammonium chlorid, 

Eucalyptus, 

Oil of sandal wood. 



30 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Febrifuges. — Remedies which lower the body-tem- 
perature. (See Antipyretics^) 

Hemostatics or Styptics.— Agents which arrest 
hemorrhage. 



Salt, 


Digitalis, 


Antipyrin, 


Alum, 


Position, 


Tannic acid, 


Ergot, 


Pressure, 


Ferric chlorid, 


Vinegar, 


Morphin, 


Actual cautery, 


Ferric sulphate, 




Acetate of lead. 



Ice and heat are also hemostatics, heat being the 
better, as it causes the blood-vessels to shrink. Ice 
by paralyzing the vessels stops the hemorrhage for 
a while, but when removed, and the circulation is re- 
stored, bleeding begins again. Moreover, with the appli- 
cation of ice which is gathered from various sources, 
there is the danger of introducing germs into the system. 
Hypnotics. — Remedies which induce sleep. 
Chloral hydrate, Hyoscin, Opium, 

Bromids, Trional, Chloralamid, 

Paraldehyd, Sulphonal, Hypnal, 

Heat to the feet and abdomen, Somnal. 

A cup of hot cocoa and a cracker, or a glass of hot 
milk, will sometimes induce sleep by diverting the blood- 
supply from the brain. 

X,axatives. See Purgatives. 

Mydriatics.— Agents which dilate the pupil of the 
eye. 

Homatropin, Daturin, Atropin, 

Duboisin, Gelsemin, Cocain. 

Myotics. — Agents which contract the pupil of the eye. 
Physostigmin (eserin), Pilocarpin. 



CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS. 3 1 

Narcotics. — Drugs which produce profound sleep or 
stupor. Large doses cause coma and death. 

Opium, Chloral, Alcohol, 

Chloroform, Cannabis indica, Ether. 

Nerve-stimulants. — Remedies which increase the 
activity of the cerebrospinal system. 



Alcohol, 


Nux vomica, 


CafTein, 


Brucin, 


Coca, 


Exercise, 


Thein, 


Ignatia, 


Friction. 



Nerve-sedatives. — Remedies which act as sedatives 
to the entire nervous system. 



Chloral, 


Asafetida, 


Belladonna, 


Urethan, 


Antipyrin, 


Bromoform, 


Bromids, 


Sulphonal, 


Croton chloral, 


Valerian, 


Phenacetin, 


Cannabis indica, 



Antifebrin (acetanilid). 

Oxytocics. — Drugs which increase the uterine con- 
tractions during and after labor. 

Ergot, Cotton root, Quinin, Hydrastis. 

Refrigerants. — Remedies which relieve thirst and 
impart a feeling of coolness. 

Effervescing drinks, Cold water, 

Vegetable and mineral acids, Cold baths, 

Fruit juices, Cold packs, 

Ice, Cold sponging. 

Respiratory Sedatives. — Drugs which lessen the 



32 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

activity of the respiratory center, causing thereby slow, 

shallow respirations. 

Opium, Aconite, Chloral, 

Tartar emetic, Hydrocyanic acid. 

Respiratory Stimulants. — Drugs which increase 
the activity of the respiratory center, making respirations 
deep and rapid. 

Ammonia, Atropin, Strychnin, Caffein, Cocain. 

Pulmonary Sedatives. — Remedies which relieve 
cough and dyspnea by their sedative action on the 
peripheral nerves of the lungs. 

Opium, Hyoscyamus, Amyl nitrite, 

Codein, Belladonna, Chloroform, 

Cannabis indica, Hydrocyanic acid. 

The morning cough of tuberculosis can often be miti- 
gated by a warm nourishing drink, such as a cup of 
warm cocoa, on first awaking. 

Tonics. — Remedies which restore energy and impart 
permanent strength to the whole body. 

Iron, Hydrochloric acid, Cod-liver oil, 

Arsenic, Nitrohydrochloric Strychnin, 

Phosphorus, acid, Quinin, 

Bichlorid of mercury (minute doses). 

Stomachics or Gastric Tonics. — Drugs which in- 
crease the flow of gastric juice and improve the appetite 
and digestion. 

Alkalies (well diluted and taken before meals), 
Cinchona, Dilute acids, Alcohol, 

Quassia, Gentian, Quinin, 

Calumba, Nux vomica. 



CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS. 33 

Uterine Depressants. — Drugs which lower the ac- 
tivity of the uterine contractions. 

Opium, Chloroform, Chloral, 

Bromids, Viburnum prunifolium. 

Vesical Sedatives. — Remedies which lessen irrita- 
bility of the bladder. 

Belladonna, . Hyoscyamus, 

Opium, Mucilaginous drinks. 

Vascular Sedatives. — Drugs which increase the 
contraction of the vessels and lessen the flow of blood 
through them. Used chiefly to prevent hemorrhage 
and to lessen local inflammation. 

Ergot, Opium, 

Digitalis, Lead acetate, 

Cold. 

Vascular Stimulants. — Drugs which dilate the 
peripheral vessels and thus increase the rapidity of blood 
through them, equalizing the circulation and preventing 
congestion of internal organs. 

Ether, Alcohol, 

Amyl nitrate, Nitroglycerin, 

Nitrous ether, Dover's powder, 

Acetate of ammonia, Heat in its various forms. 

Vascular Tonics. — Drugs which contract the arte- 
rioles or capillaries, and consequently increase the blood- 
pressure. 

Iron, Ergot, Strychnin, 

Digitalis, 



PART II 



MATERIA MEDICA. 



Acetanilid (Antifebrin). — Action and Uses. — Acet- 
anilid is an antipyretic, analgesic, a hemostatic in hemop- 
tysis and epistaxis, and in large quantities an antiseptic. 
By relieving pain it aids in securing sleep. 

The effects of a toxic dose are ringing in the ears, 
deafness, a slow, weak, and compressible pulse, subnor- 
mal temperature, slow and shallow breathing, cold sweats, 
and a blue, livid face. 

The treatment of poisoning* consists in the applica- 
tion of heat to all parts of the body, and the use of 
heart-stimulants. 

As an antiseptic acetanilid is used as a substitute for 
iodoform. 

Dose, 5 to io grains (0.3-0.6 gm.). 

Acetophenone (Hypnone). — Action and Uses. — 
Acetophenone, or hypnone, as it is more commonly 
called, is a hypnotic usually given in nervous cases and 
in sleeplessness without pain. It is depressing in its 
action, and for this reason is often used with alcohol. 
Toxic doses cause muscular paralysis and death from 
failure of the respiration. 

Dose, 2 to 5 minims (0.1 2-0.3 c.c.) in capsule. 
34 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 35 

ACIDS. 

Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum). — Action and Uses. 
— Locally pure acetic acid is used as a caustic in skin- 
affections. 

Acetic Acid, Dilute (Acidum Aceticum Dilutum). 
— Applied to the skin, acetic acid is a stimulant; sponged 
over the body, it reduces the temperature and checks 
perspiration. It is also employed as an astringent in 
arresting hemorrhage. 

Dose, |to I dram (1.8-3.7 c - c 0- 

Acetic acid in overdose is a corrosive poison, causing 
severe pain in the throat, extending to the abdomen, pro- 
fuse purging, and collapse. 

Treatment consists in giving large quantities of milk, 
chalk, magnesia, lime-water, or soap-water. 

Acetlim (Vinegar). — Vinegar is much used as a fo- 
mentation in sprains, as a lotion in cases of headache, in 
bathing water to cool the skin and reduce fever, and as 
an astringent in arresting hemorrhage from the nose, 
womb, etc. Its vapor is inhaled for the relief of vomit- 
ing after anesthesia. It is also used in enemata for the 
relief of seat-worms. 

Dose, 1 to 4 drams (3.7-15.0 c.c.) as an enema, I to 3 
parts of water. 

Anisic Acid. — Action and Uses. — Anisic acid is an 
antiseptic and antipyretic, resembling in its action the 
salicylates. 

Dose, 5 to 10 grains (o. 3-0. 6 gm.). 

Arsenous Acid (Acidum Arsenosum ; White Arsenic). 
— Metallic arsenic is inert and is not used in medicine. 
The preparations are all derived from white arsenic. 

Action and Uses. — Taken internally in small doses, 
arsenic is a general tonic, stomachic, alterative, and anti- 



36 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

periodic. It improves the appetite, digestion, and nutri- 
tion, and increases the strength and quantity of the 
blood. Externally, applied to any part in a concentrated 
form, it is a caustic ; in the dilute form it is an irritant 
and antiseptic. When applied locally to the broken 
skin, an ulcerated surface, or a mucous membrane, it 
may be absorbed and produce the general effects of the 
drug upon the system. Dose, fa to 2V of a grain (0.0016- 
0.0032 gm.), usually given after meals, as it is apt to irri- 
tate the stomach if given when that organ is empty. 

The conditions in which arsenic is most commonly 
prescribed are neuralgia, chorea, anemia, chronic malaria, 
phthisis, diabetes, chronic rheumatism, and certain chronic 
inflammatory skin-diseases. 

When a patient is taking arsenic, such symptoms as 
pufiiness about the eyes, griping pains in the abdomen, 
and slight diarrhea are danger-signals, and when they 
appear the drug should be suspended. 

Large doses of arsenic produce severe pain in the 
esophagus, stomach, and abdomen, violent vomiting and 
purging, severe cramps in the calves of the legs, various 
eruptions on the skin, swelling of the face, and collapse. 

Treatment of Acute Poisoning. — Administer a prompt 
emetic of mustard and water, give warm demulcent drinks, 
such as flaxseed tea, milk with white of egg, or flour and 
water, which will assist the vomiting and envelop the 
poison. The best antidote is freshly precipitated hydrated 
sesquioxid of iron in the moist state, which should be 
given in doses of a tablespoonful every ten minutes. It 
may be extemporaneously prepared by diluting the tinct- 
ure chlorid of iron with water and adding ammonia to 
precipitate the sesquioxid. Another method used with 
some success consists in giving a mixture of chalk and 



MATERIA MEDICA. 37 

castor oil of the consistency of cream, which envelops 
the particles of poison adhering to the mucous membrane 
and renders them harmless while being carried through 
the bowels and evacuated. Heat must be applied to all 
parts of the body and stimulants given. 

Chronic arsenical poisoning 1 may result from the in- 
halation of dust or vapor arising from wall-paper or other 
fabrics dyed with arsenic. It is characterized by loss of 
flesh and strength, asthmatic seizures, pigmentation of 
the skin, and loss of power and sensation from inflamma- 
tion of peripheral nerves. 

Preparations of Arsenic. — Arsenic Iodid (Arseni 
Iodidum). — Dose, ^ to ^ grain (0.0022-0.0065 gm.). 

Solution of Arsenous Acid (Liquor Acidi Arsenosi). — 
Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Arsenate of Sodium (Sodii Arsenas). — Dose, -^ to jig- 
grain (0.0022-0.0065 gm.). 

Cigarettes made of bibulous paper which has been 
saturated with a solution of sodium arsenate and dried 
are smoked for the relief of asthma. 

Solution of Arsenic Bromid (Liquor Arseni Bromidi ; 
Clemens' Solution). — Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Solution of Arsenic a?id Mercuric Iodid (Liquor Arseni 
et Hydrargyri Iodidi ; Donovan's Solution). — Dose, 1 to 
3 minims (0.06-0.18 c.c). 

Solution of Sodium Arsenate (Liquor Sodii Arsenatis ; 
Pearson's Solution). — Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Solution of Potassium Arsenite (Liquor Potassii Arse- 
nitis; Fowler's Solution). — Dose, 2 to 8 minims (0.12- 
0.5 c.c). 

When the local action of arsenic is desired, it is given 
before meals, so that nothing will prevent the action of 
the drug upon the walls of the stomach and intestines ; 



38 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

but when absorption is desired, in order to secure its 
general action, it is given immediately after meals, so 
that it will mix with the food and be absorbed. The 
dose is gradually increased until such symptoms as loss 
of appetite, irritation or soreness of the conjunctiva, 
swelling about the eyes, nausea, or diarrhea arise, after 
which it is gradually diminished (see chart). Fowler's 
solution is the liquid preparation most commonly used, 
and the chart is specially designed for that form. 

Dosage Chart. Fowler's Solution. 
Name 

Bed Ward Room Floor 

Date Dose, 2 to 8 minims, t.i.d., P. C. 

Increase 1 drop every day until 8 drops are taken 
three times a day; then as gradually decrease the dose. 



Day. 


8 A. M. 


I P. M. 


6 P. M. 


Remarks. 


Monday . . . 


2 


2 


2 




Tuesday . 




3 


2 


2 




Wednesday 




3 


3 


2 




Thursday . 




3 


3 


3 




Friday . , 




3 


4 


3 




Saturday . 




4 


4 


3 




Sunday 




4 


4 


4 




Monday . 




4 


5 


4 




Tuesday . 




5 


5 


4 




Wednesday 




5 


5 


5 




Thursday . 




5 


6 


5 




Friday . . 




6 


6 


5 




Saturday . 




6 


6 


6 




Sunday 




6 


7 


6 




Monday . 




7 


7 


6 




Tuesday . 




7 


7 


7 




Wednesday 




7 


8 


7 




Thursday . 




8 


8 


7 




Friday .... 


8 


8 


8 





MATERIA MEDIC A. 39 

Children, as a rule, bear arsenic better than adults; 
susceptible persons bear it better if it is given with 
opium. Tolerance is sometimes established, and large 
doses can be taken without poisonous effect. It is 
eliminated by the mucous membrane of the alimentary 
canal, kidneys, liver, and skin. 

Benzoic Acid (Acidum Benzoicum). — See Benzoin. 

Boric Acid (Acidum Boricum ; Boracic Acid).— Ac- 
tion and Uses. — Boric acid is a disinfectant, antiseptic, 
and deodorant. Internally the action of boric acid and 
its salts is somewhat diuretic, and tends to retard the 
decomposition of the urine. In large doses it is a 
gastro-intestinal irritant, producing nausea, vomiting, a 
feeble, rapid pulse, subnormal temperature, ecchymoses, 
hiccough, and collapse. 

Locally it is used in solution, ointment, and powder, as 
applications to wounds, burns, scalds, and various skin- 
diseases, to lessen excessive secretion or irritation. Mixed 
with an equal quantity of starch it is used as a dusting- 
powder in chapping and excoriation of the skin and to 
remove the odor of perspiration. It has also an astrin- 
gent action. A 4-per-cent. solution is largely used as a 
wash in inflammatory eye-diseases, in the treatment of 
wounds, and for irrigation. 

To make the 2-per-cent. solution add 9 grains to I ounce of water. 
To make the 4 " " " 18 " 1 " " 

To make the 5 " " " 22 " 1 " " 

To make the 10 " " " 45 " 1 " " 

A saturated solution of boric acid is one in which the 
water dissolves as much as it will of the drug. It is 
impossible to make a saturated solution of boric acid 
too strong, because the water cannot take up more than 
I in 30, which is the usual strength used. 



40 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Sodium Borate (Sodii Boras; Borax). — Dose, 
5 to 15 grains (0.3-1.0 gm.). 

Camphoric Acid (Acidum Camphoricum). — Action 
and Uses. — Camphoric acid is chiefly used internally in 
checking the night-sweats of phthisis. Locally it is 
sometimes used in sore throat and cystitis. 

Dose, 5 to 20 grains (0.3-1.3 gm.). 

As a local application to the throat a i-per-cent. solu- 
tion is commonly employed, and a half of a i-per-cent. 
solution is used for washing out the bladder. 

Carbolic Acid (Acidum Carbolicum ; Phenol ; Phenic 
Acid). — Action and Uses. — Carbolic acid is used exter- 
nally as an antiseptic, disinfectant, deodorant, local anes- 
thetic, and caustic. When applied to the skin it produces 
a white stain due to the coagulation of albumen, and 
diminishes the sensibility of the part. Internally in di- 
luted solutions it is an astringent intestinal antiseptic, 
and through a certain action on the nervous system it 
alleviates pain. Carbolic acid is rapidly absorbed by the 
unbroken skin. 

Dose, \ to 2 minims (0.03-0. 1 3 c.c.) in sweetened water. 

The strength of the solutions used for the cleansing of 
instruments, etc., are 1 : 20 to 1 : 40 ; as a spray or mouth- 
wash 1 : 80 or 1 : 100; and for a poultice 1 : 60 to 1 : 80. 
Solutions of the last strength are also used for vaginal 
douches. It must be remembered that carbolic acid is 
rapidly absorbed ; for this reason many surgeons have 
the douche followed with one of plain water. Symp- 
toms of poisoning have been produced by the absorption 
of the drug from surgical dressings. 

The first evidences of carbolic-acid poisoning are 
a dark discoloration of the urine, due to various products 
of the oxidation of the acid, giddiness, ringing in the ears, 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 4 1 

headache, and lassitude. On the appearance of any of 
these symptoms the drug should be discontinued. 

The symptoms of a poisonous dose are burning pain 
in the throat, stomach, and abdomen, vomiting and purg- 
ing, cold clammy skin, a rapid feeble pulse, rapid respira- 
tions, collapse, delirium, and death, which may be pre- 
ceded by convulsions. The mouth and lips may be 
covered with white corrugated patches from the local 
action of the drug. 

Treatment. — The chemical antidote is Epsom or 
Glauber salts. To allay irritation demulcent drinks, 
such as equal parts of milk and lime-water, white of egg y 
or flaxseed tea, may be administered. The body tem- 
perature must be kept up by the external application of 
heat, and heart-failure combatted by the hypodermic use 
of stimulants. Oils or glycerin should not be given, since 
they aid absorption by dissolving the acid. 

Sulphocarbolate of sodium is a derivative of carbolic 
acid, and is used internally as an antiseptic and antipy- 
retic. It is without the dangers of carbolic acid. 

Dose, 5 to 20 grains (0.3-1.3 gm.). 

Chromic Acid (Acidum Chromicum ; Chromic Tri- 
oxid). — Action and Uses. — Chromic acid is used exter- 
nally as a caustic and escharotic for the destruction of 
syphilitic warts and similar growths, its action being deep 
but slow. It has also been used as an antiseptic, de- 
odorant, and disinfectant, in the strength of 1 to 40 parts 
of water. 

Cinnamic Acid (Acidum Cinnamicum). — Action and 
Uses. — Cinnamic acid has been used in tuberculosis both 
internally and externally. 

Dose, 1 to 10 minims (0.06 to 0.6 c.c.) hypodermic- 
ally. 



42 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Citric Acid (Acidum Citricum). — Action and Uses. — 
Citric acid is usually prepared from lemon-juice, and is 
often used as a substitute for the latter. It is refriger- 
ant, diuretic, and diaphoretic, and has also mild antiseptic 
properties. It is much used in the prevention and cure 
of scurvy, in rheumatism and catarrhal jaundice, as a 
cooling drink, and in effervescing draughts. Locally it 
has been employed in arresting hemorrhages from the 
lungs, nose, and womb. 

Dose, 5 to 15 grains (0.3-1.0 gm.) ; of the syrup, 1 to 
4 drams (3.7-15.0 c.c). 

Gallic Acid (Acidum Gallicum). — Action and 
Uses. — Gallic acid is an astringent. Internally it is used 
in checking hemorrhage and excessive secretions, as in 
diarrhea, diabetes, and night-sweats. It is eliminated by 
the kidneys. 

Dose, 2 to 40 grains (0.13-2.59 gm.) given in pill, 
solution, or powder. Locally, in the form of an ointment 
with opium, it is astringent and sedative. 

Hydriodic Acid, Dilute (Acidum Hydriodicum 
Dilutum). — Action and Uses. — Hydriodic acid is an 
alterative, and is used for the same purposes as potas- 
sium iodid. 

Dose, 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). 

Hydrobromic Acid, Dilute (Acidum Hydrobromi- 
cum Dilutum). — Action and Uses. — The action of di- 
lute hydrobromic acid is similar to that of the bromids, 
but it is not so powerful, and hence it is less depressing 
and less apt to cause acne. It is useful in congestive 
headaches, neuralgia, and hysteria. It is sometimes 
combined with quinin to prevent cinchonism. 

Dose, 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum; Mu- 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 43 

riatic Acid). — Action and Uses. — Dilute hydrochloric 
acid is an astringent, refrigerant, and tonic. Being a 
normal constituent of the gastric juice, it is used as an 
aid to digestion ; it is also used as a tonic, and locally 
as a solvent for carious bone and an application to ulcers. 
Locally the strong acid is used as a caustic in removing 
warts and other small growths. 

Dose, 2 to 10 minims (0.12-0.6 c.c.) well diluted. It 
should be taken through a glass tube to prevent injury 
to the teeth. 

Hydrochloric Acid, Dilute (Acidum Hydrochlori- 
cum Dilutum ; Dilute Muriatic Acid). — Dilute hydro- 
chloric acid is valuable as an aid to digestion. 

Dose, 5 to 30 minims (0.3-1.8 c.c). 

Hydrocyanic Acid, or Prussic Acid (Acidum 
Hydrocyanicum ; Dilute Hydrocyanic Acid). — Action 
and Uses. — Hydrocyanic acid is a nerve-sedative and 
antispasmodic. It is used in vomiting and coughs of 
nervous origin. Externally it is used to relieve irritation 
and itching in skin-diseases. Applied to the skin, it 
penetrates the epidermis and paralyzes the sensory 
nerves in the derma. 

Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c.) ; as a wash, 20 to 
60 minims (1.2-3.7 c - c -) to l ounce of water (30 c.c). 

Symptoms of intolerance are heavy headache, giddi- 
ness, a peculiar bitter taste in the mouth, and a tight 
feeling in the stomach. Upon the appearance of either 
of these symptoms the drug should be stopped and the 
physician notified. 

Symptoms of Poisoning". — Prussic acid is one of the 
most rapidly fatal poisons, half a grain having proved 
fatal. The symptoms usually commence during the act 
of swallowing. There is immediate loss of the muscular 



44 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

power ; the patient froths at the mouth and staggers and 
falls to the ground ; the face is livid or pallid ; the eyes 
glassy and prominent ; the pupils dilated and insensible to 
light ; the pulse slow and full ; and the respirations diffi- 
cult. Death sometimes occurs in violent convulsions. A 
strong characteristic odor of bitter almonds is exhaled. 

Treatment. — Such is the rapidity with which the drug 
produces its effects that there is rarely time for remedies. 
Dashing cold water over the face and chest, artificial res- 
piration, the cautious inhalation of ammonia, and the 
use of stimulants internally and externally may be tried. 

I/actic Acid (Acidum Lacticum). — Lactic acid is 
obtained from the fermentation of milk, and appears as 
an odorless, colorless, syrupy liquid. Externally it is 
used as a caustic, astringent, and solvent of false mem- 
brane. Internally it is sometimes used as an antiseptic 
and astringent in diarrhea. Locally it is much used in 
throat affections, particularly diphtheria, membranous 
croup, and tuberculosis of the larynx. 

Dose, 10 to 60 minims (0.6-3.7 c.c.) freely diluted; as 
a local application, a solution of 1 to 5 is generally used. 

I^actic Acid, Dilute (Acidum Lacticum Dilutum). — 
Dose, \ to 2 drams (1.9-7.5 c.c). 

Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum ; Aqua Fortis). — 
Action and Uses. — Internally nitric acid is a tonic, 
astringent, and antiseptic. Externally it is an astringent 
and escharotic. 

Dose, 2 to 5 minims (0.12-0.3 c.c), given after meals, 
well diluted, and through a glass tube. As a lotion it is 
used in the strength of from 10 to 20 minims to 1 pint 
of water. 

Nitric Acid, Dilute (Acidum Nitricum Dilutum). — 
Dose, 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 45 

The symptoms of poisoning" are essentially the same 
as those of hydrochloric acid, except that the tongue is 
swollen and of a citron color. The vapor of this acid is 
destructive to life, and great care must be taken not to 
inhale the fumes. 

The treatment of poisoning' is the same as in the 
case of hydrochloric acid. 

Nitromuriatic Acid (Nitrohydrochloric Acid ; Aci- 
dum Nitrohydrochloricum). — Action and Uses. — Nitro- 
hydrochloric acid is used internally to stimulate the 
secretions of the liver and bowel. It is an excellent 
tonic and stomachic in convalescence from acute dis- 
eases. Locally it is employed in form of baths and 
fomentations. 

Dose, i to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c.) well diluted; of the 
dilute, 5 to 10 minims (0.3-0.6 c.c). 

F 'or fomentations , 1 to 2 drams to 1 pint of water. 

For sponging or general bath, about 6 ounces of acid 
to 4 gallons of hot water (temperature 98 F.). 

The first symptoms of intolerance are pains in the 
abdomen, and diarrhea, thirst, and restlessness. 

Symptoms of poisoning" are severe burning pain ex- 
tending from mouth to stomach, vomiting and purging 
of bloody material, and collapse. 

Treatment. — On account of the corrosive action anti- 
dotes can rarely be employed in time to prevent serious 
injury. 

The antidotes are magnesia, lime, whitewash, and soap. 
Demulcents like white of egg and oil should be given to 
allay irritation. External heat and stimulants are required 
on account of the collapse. 

Oleic Acid (Acidum Oleicum). — Action and Uses. — 
Oleic acid in not used in medicine, but as a vehicle for 



46 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDICA FOR NURSES. 

remedies to be applied to the skin. It is a fatty sub- 
stance, and is more quickly absorbed by the skin than 
the ointments. 

Oxalic Acid (Acidum Oxalicum).— Action and 
Uses. — Oxalic acid is a powerful germicide and is chiefly 
used in surgery as a disinfectant for the hands. It has 
been used internally in cases of retarded menstruation. 

Dose, \ to \ grain (0.010-0.032 gm.). 

Howard A. Kelly, of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, 
claims that permanganate of potassium and oxalic acid 
afford the only known practical method of perfectly dis- 
infecting the hands of the surgeon, and that in this proc- 
ess the oxalic acid, not the permanganate of potassium, 
is the essential disinfecting agent. 

Symptoms of Poisoning". — Oxalic acid is a certain 
and rapidly-acting poison. It bears a close resemblance 
to Epsom salts, and has frequently been the cause of 
accidental death by being mistaken for that drug. When 
taken in large dose it causes an intensely acrid taste, 
burning sensation in the throat extending to the stomach, 
vomiting and purging, intense pain in abdomen, cold 
clammy skin, an irregular feeble pulse, unconsciousness, 
and collapse. There may be symptoms pointing to the 
nervous system, such as convulsions, stupor, and paral- 
ysis. 

Treatment. — The best antidote is a paste of chalk and 
milk or chalk and water ; if chalk is not at hand, mag- 
nesia, whitewash, or any preparation of lime should be 
given freely in large doses. After neutralizing the poison, 
vomiting should be encouraged and followed by mucila- 
ginous drinks or lime-water and sweet oil. If collapse 
occurs, apply heat and give stimulants. 

Phosphoric Acid, Dilute (Acidum Phosphoricum 



MATERIA ME DIC A. 47 

Dilutum). — Action and Uses. — The dilute phosphoric 
acid is a refrigerant and nerve-tonic. 

Dose, 10 to 60 minims (0.6-3.7 cx -)- 

Salicylic Acid (Acidum Salicylicum). — Action and 
Uses. — Salicylic acid appears as a fine white odorless 
powder. It has a sweetish acrid taste. Internally it is 
used as antipyretic, intestinal antiseptic, analgesic, and 
antirheumatic. Externally it is used as antiseptic, as a 
dusting-powder for sweating feet, and as a solvent rem- 
edy for corns. It is eliminated by all the secretions. 

Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.6 gm.), given after meals 
well diluted ; as an antiseptic 1 to 60 is the usual strength 
used. 

Symptoms of intolerance are headache, ringing in 
the ears, and fulness in the head. If continued these symp- 
toms deepen and are followed by deafness, a slow weak 
pulse, fall in temperature, a dark-green discoloration of 
the urine, delirium, and rapid shallow respirations. 

Sclerotic Acid (Acidum Scleroticum). — Action and 
Uses. — Sclerotic acid is a hemostatic, sometimes used as 
a substitute for ergot. It is usually given hypodermic- 
ally. 

Dose, -1 grain (0.03 gm.). 

Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum ; Oil of Vit- 
riol). — Action and Uses. — Pure sulphuric acid is a 
powerful irritant and caustic. It is rarely used internally. 

Sulphuric Acid, Dilute (Acidum Sulphuricum Di- 
lutum). — Action and Uses. — The dilute sulphuric acid 
is a refrigerant, tonic, astringent, and hemostatic. 

Dose. — Sulphuric acid, I to 2 minims (0.06-0.12 c.c); 
dilute sulphuric acid, 10 to 20 minims (0.6-1.2 c.c); 
aromatic sulphuric acid (elixir of vitriol), 5 to 20 minims 
(0.3-1.2 c.c), well diluted. Sulphuric acid should be 



48 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

taken through a quill or a glass tube to prevent injuring 
the teeth. 

The symptoms of poisoning" and the treatment are 
the same as those of hydrochloric-acid poisoning. 

Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum). — Action 
and Uses. — Sulphurous acid is a powerful antiseptic, 
disinfectant, and deodorant, killing the organisms which 
produce putrefaction and fermentation. 

Dose, \ to i dram (1.8-3.7 c.c); as a local applica- 
tion, 1 part to 3 parts of water or glycerin. 

Tannic Acid (Acidum Tannicum). — Obtained from 
nut-galls, and appears as a faintly yellow, bulky pow- 
der. It is odorless and has an astringent taste. It is 
an astringent and hemostatic. It is used in arresting 
hemorrhage, in checking excessive secretion from mu- 
cous membranes, as an antidote to tartar emetic and all 
alkaloidal poisons. 

Dose. — Tannic Acid, 2 to 10 grains (0.13-0.6 gm.). 

Glycerite of Tannic Acid, 10 to 60 minims (0.6-3.7 c.c). 

Troches, each of which contains 1 grain of tannic acid. 

Styptic Collodion (Collodium Stypticum), for local use. 

Ointment (Unguentum Acidi Tannici), for external use. 

Tartaric Acid (Acidum Tartaricum). — Action and 
Uses. — Tartaric acid appears as odorless crystals or as 
a white powder having strongly acid taste. It is em- 
ployed as a laxative and diuretic. It is one of the ingre- 
dients in the Seidlitz powder. 

Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.) well diluted. 

Symptoms of poisoning" are burning pain in throat 
and stomach, vomiting, purging, and collapse. 

Treatment. — Chalk and water, magnesia, soapsuds, or 
lime-water may be given, and followed with demulcent 
drinks. 



MATERIA ME DIC A. * *A9 

Aconite (Aconitum; Monkshood). — Action and 
Uses. — Aconite is employed internally as a heart-de- 
pressant, antipyretic, diaphoretic, diuretic, and for its 
effect on the peripheral sensory nervous system, as in 
the vomiting of pregnancy. Externally it is used as 
sedative or anesthetic. In medicinal doses it lowers the 
blood-pressure and pulse-rate, quiets respirations, lowers 
temperature, and increases somewhat the quantity of 
urine. When rubbed into the skin it causes numbness 
and anesthesia. Full doses cause a peculiar sensation 
of numbness and a tingling in the tongue. If the drug 
is given in capsule, so that it does not touch the mouth 
or tongue, the local tingling and numbness are scarcely 
felt. In susceptible persons aconite may cause a vesic- 
ular or pustular eruption or an intense itching of the skin. 

The symptoms of poisoning' are numbness and ting- 
ling of the lips, tongue, fingers, or whole body ; a slow, 
weak pulse ; slow, shallow respirations, subnormal tem- 
perature, pallor of skin, cold sweats, and death in collapse. 
Convulsions sometimes occur before death. 

Treatment. — If the symptoms are not very severe, 
emetics should be given or the stomach washed out with 
the stomach-pump, the vomited matter being received in 
a towel, the patient having been placed in bed with the 
head lowered and the foot of the bed elevated. If the 
symptoms are severe, emetics should not be given with- 
out the sanction of a physician, as the vomiting might 
arrest the action of the heart. Heat must be applied 
over the heart and to all parts of the body. Heart- 
stimulants should be given hypodermically, and artificial 
respiration practised if necessary. 

Dose. — Extract of Aconite (Extractum Aconiti), \ to 
\ grain (o.oi -0.016 gm.). 
4 



50 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Tincture of Aconite (Tinctura Aconiti), I to 5 minims 
(0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Fluid Extract of Aconite (Extractum Aconiti Fluidum), 
1 to 2 minims (0.06-0.12 c.c). 

Aconite Liniment, St. Jacob's Oil (a patent medicine), is 
a weak aconite liniment for external use, which contains 
also alcohol, turpentine, ether, water, and coloring matter. 

Aconitin (active principle of aconite), -^ to T^o g ra * n 
(0.0003-0.0006 gm.). 

Aconite is rapidly absorbed, and when applied locally 
its action should be watched. The pulse, temperature, 
and respirations should be taken before the medicine is 
given. The patient should be kept in bed, if possible, 
and not allowed to make any exertion or sudden move- 
ment. Cold draughts must be guarded against. It is 
excreted by the skin and kidneys. 

Adeps I/anae HydrostiS (Hydrous Wool Fat ; Lan- 
olin). — Action and Uses. — Lanolin is used externally as 
a soothing application in skin-diseases. It is used in the 
treatment of eruptive fevers to assist desquamation and 
also as a basis for ointments. 

Adeps Praeparatus (Prepared Lard). — Purified leaf 
lard is used externally as emollient, and also for making 
ointments and cerates. 

Adonidin (Adonidinum). — Action and Uses. — Adon- 
idin is a heart-stimulant and diuretic. It is sometimes 
substituted for digitalis, its action being similar and the 
effects more quickly produced. 

Dose, \ to \ grain (0.008-0.016 gm.). 

Agatkin. — Action and Uses. — Agathin is a new 
analgesic. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.6 gm.). 

Alcohol. — Action and Uses. — Externally, alcohol is 
used as a stimulating lotion and antiseptic in cleansing 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 5 I 

the skin before operations. Rubbed into the skin it also 
prevents bedsores by hardening the epidermis. Inter- 
nally, in moderate amounts, alcohol stimulates the heart 
and nervous system, favors gastric digestion, increases 
the sweat and urine, lowers temperature, and, being 
burnt up in the body, acts as an auxiliary food, on ac- 
count of its nutrient and antiseptic properties. It is 
much used in low fevers and wasting diseases. Alcohol 
is eliminated from the body by the lungs, skin, bowels, 
and kidneys. 

Champagne is very useful in obstinate vomiting, es- 
pecially when given ice-cold. 

When doing good, in febrile diseases, alcohol lowers 
the temperature, strengthens and slows the pulse and 
respirations, moistens the tongue, cools the skin, lessens 
delirium, and induces sleep. Opposite effects indicate 
that it is doing harm rather than good. 

Preparations. S?3SE3C Do - 

Absolute alcohol 99 Only used externally. 

Alcohol 91 \ to 2 drams ( 2.0- 8.0 c.c.) 

Dilute alcohol 41 1 to 4 " ( 4.0-15.0 c.c.) 

Whiskey (Spiritus Frumenti) . 45 to 50 1 to 4 " ( 4.0-15.0 c.c.) 

Brandy (Spiritus Vini Gallici) . 45 to 50 1 to 4 " ( 4.0-15.0 c.c.) 

Gin (Spiritus Juniperi) .... 45 to 50 1 to 4 " ( 4.0-15.0 c.c.) 

White wine (Vinum Album) . 10 to 14 4 to 8 " (15.0-30.0 c.c.) 

Red wine (Vinum Rubrum) . . 10 to 14 4 to 8 " (15.0-30.0 c.c.) 

Sherry wine (Vinum Xericum) 151020 4 to 8 " (15.0-30.0 c.c.) 

Port wine (Vinum Portense) . . 15 to 20 4 to 8 " (15.0-30.0 c.c.) 

Claret 8 to 10 8 to 16 " (30.0-60.0 c.c.) 

Champagne 10 to 13 8 to 16 " (30.0-60.0 c.c.) 

Ale, beer, and porter 3 to 6 

In large doses alcohol produces delirium, a lowered 
temperature, and a soft, full pulse. If persisted in there 
is stertorous breathing, insensibility, which deepens into 



52 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

coma, and death by paralysis of the heart and respi- 
ration. 

Treatment. — Emetics should be given or the stomach 
washed out with the stomach-pump. Cold should be 
applied to the head, and heat to other parts of the body. 
Mucilaginous drinks, such as linseed tea, white of egg, 
or milk, are useful in allaying gastric irritation. If the 
pulse indicates heart-failure, heart-stimulants should be 
given hypodermically. 

Allium (Garlic). — Action and Uses. — Allium is a 
stimulant to the digestion and the nervous system. 
Applied locally, it is a rubefacient, and it is frequently 
used in the form of a poultice, made of equal parts of 
bran and garlic. 

Dose, | to 2 drams (1.9-7.7 gm.). Of the syrup 
(Syrupus Allii), 1 to 4 drams (4-10.0 c.c). 

Almonds (Amygdala Amara, Bitter Almond ; Amyg- 
dala Dulcis, Sweet Almond). — Action and Uses. — The 
sweet almond is a demulcent and nutrient. As it con- 
tains no starch, it is sometimes ground into a flour and 
made into bread (almond bread) for the use of diabetic 
patients. 

Externally it is applied to slight excoriations. It is 
said also to relieve freckles, sunburn, and to whiten the 
skin. 

Dose. — Water of Bitter Almond (Aqua Amygdalae 
Amarae), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Oil of Bitter Almond (Oleum Amygdalae Amarae), \ 
to \ minim (0.015-0.03 c.c). 

Spirit of Bitter Almond (Spiritus Amygdalae Amarae), 
3 to 10 minims (0.18-0.6 c.c). 

Syrup of Bitter Almond (Syrupus Amygdalae Amarae), 
I to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 



MATERIA MEDICA. 53 

Emulsion of Sweet Almond (Emulsum Amygdalae), 
I to 1 6 drams (3.7-60.O c.c). 

Expressed Oil of Sweet Almond (Oleum Amygdalae 
Expressum), 1 to 8 drams (3.7-30.0 c.c.) 

Syrup of Sweet Almond (Syrupus Amygdalae), I to 2 
drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Aloe (Aloes). — Action and Uses. — Aloes is a stom- 
achic, cathartic, and emmenagogue. In large doses it is 
a purgative. As its cathartic action is very slow, it 
should be given before supper, when an action of the 
bowels will usually take place next morning about break- 
fast time. As an emmenagogue it is usually given with 
nux vomica, iron, and myrrh, and on account of its nau- 
seous and bitter taste it is usually given in pill form. 

Dose. — Tincture of Aloes, 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh, I to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Extract of Aloes, \ to 5 grains (0.03-0.3 gm.). 

Barbadoes Aloes, 2 to 10 grains (0.13-0.65 gm.). 

Socotrine Aloes, 2 to 10 grains (0.13-0.65 gm.). 

Wine of Aloes, \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c 0- 

Enema of Aloes contains : Aloes, 40 grains ; carbonate 
of potassium, 15 grains; mucilage of starch, 10 ounces. 

Althsea (Marshmallow). — Action and Uses. — Marsh- 
mallow is used internally as a demulcent, and externally 
as a poultice. 

Alum (Alumen ; Aluminum and Potassium Sulphate). 
— Action and Uses. — Alum is a powerful astringent, a 
styptic, and an emetic. 

Dose. — As an astringent the dose is 10 to 30 grains 
(0.65-1.9 gm.). 

Given as an emetic, 1 to 4 drams (3.9-15.5 gm.). 

As a gargle, 1 ounce to a pint of sweetened water. 

As a spray for the throat, 20 grains to an ounce of water. 



54 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

As a vaginal wash, 2 to 5 grains to a pint of water. 

To check perspiration, 2 grains to an ounce of water. 

Dried alum is used to prevent bedsores and as a mild 
escharotic. 

Altlinnol. — Action and Uses. — Alumnol is used 
locally as an astringent and disinfectant. The strength 
of the solution used varies from 1 per cent, to 10 per 
cent. For suppositories it may be used in the strength 
of from 1 to 5 per cent. 

Ammonia. — Action and Uses. — Internally ammonia 
is a heart-stimulant, a respiratory stimulant, and an ant- 
acid. Externally it is a counterirritant. Applied locally 
to the skin and allowed to evaporate, it produces simply 
redness, but if used in concentrated form and evaporation 
is prevented, it soon produces a blister. When employed 
in urgent cases of heart-failure it is best injected into one 
of the veins of the leg, since its subcutaneous injection is 
very apt to cause sloughing. Inhaled to prevent fainting 
or drowsiness, its use should not be continued too long, 
as it irritates the mucous membrane of the air-passages. 

Ammonia poisoning" is characterized by severe burn- 
ing in the throat, griping abdominal pains, vomiting and 
purging of bloody material, great difficulty in breathing, 
and collapse. 

Treatment. — This consists in the prompt use of weak 
acids, such as vinegar and water or lemon-juice, to coun- 
teract the alkali, and of large quantities of oil or milk. 
Cold must be applied to the head and heat to the feet. 
Heat should not be applied to the body, as it favors 
the action of the drug, while cold has the opposite 
effect. 

Preparations and their Doses. — Water of Ammonia 
(Aqua Ammoniae), 10 to 20 minims (0.6-1.2 c.c). 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 5$ 

Spirit of Ammonia (Spiritus Ammoniae), 10 to 60 
minims (0.6-3.7 c - c 0- 

Stronger Water of Ammonia (Liquor Ammoniae For- 
tior) is used only externally as a counterirritant and a 
vesicant. 

Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia. — Used as a carminative 
in aiding the expulsion of gas from the stomach and in- 
testines, as an antacid in counteracting the acidity of the 
stomach, and as a general stimulant in relieving faintness 
and depression. Dose, ^ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c.c). 

Liquor Ammonii Acetatis (Spirit of Mindererus). — A 
diaphoretic, diuretic, nerve-stimulant, and antacid. When 
used as a diaphoretic it is generally given with the sweet 
spirits of nitre. The patient must be kept warm, for when 
the skin is cool it acts as a diuretic. Dose, 1 to 8 drams 
(3.7-30.0 c.c). 

Ammonium Bromid. — Generally given as a nerve-seda- 
tive and for the same purposes as bromid of potassium, 
though it is less depressing than the potassium salt. When 
given together a better result is often obtained than when 
either drug is given alone. When given alone it should 
be well diluted, as it is a little more irritating than the 
potassium salt. Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.). 

Ammo7iium Carbonate. — A powerful heart- and respi- 
ratory-stimulant, and a stimulant expectorant. Dose, 1 
to 10 grains (0.06-0.6 gm.). 

Ammonium Chlorid is a stimulant expectorant, chola- 
gogue, in large doses a purgative, and increases the ex- 
cretion of urea. Dose, 5 to 15 grains (0.3-1.0 gm.). 

Ammonium Iodid is used internally and externally as 
an alterative and resolvent. It resembles iodid of po- 
tassium in its action. Dose, 2 to 5 grains (0.13-0.32 gm.). 

Ammonium Valerianate is used as a nerve-sedative in 



56 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

nervous diseases and neuralgia. Dose, 10 to 15 grains 
(0.6-1.0 gm.) in capsules or elixir. 

Ammoniac (Ammoniac um). — Action and Uses. — 
Ammoniac is a stimulant expectorant. Used locally it is 
a stimulant and mild counterirritant. 

Dose, 1 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.). 

Emulsion (Emulsum Ammoniaci), 1 to 4 drams (15.O- 
30.0 ex.). 

Ammoniac Plaster with Mercury is used externally. 

Amyl Nitrite (Amyl Nitris). — The nitrites are salts 
formed by the union of nitrous acid with a base. 

The chief physiological action of nitrite of amyl is 
upon the spinal cord and the circulation. Under its in- 
fluence arterial pressure falls from paralysis of the blood- 
vessel walls. At the same time the heart is directly or 
indirectly stimulated, the number and force of its con- 
tractions being increased. This period of stimulation 
after a moderate dose gradually subsides into the normal 
state, but after a toxic dose it passes into one of cardiac 
paralysis with a final arrest of the heart in diastole. 

The motor and reflex centers are depressed, owing to 
a direct action of the drug upon the motor side of the 
spinal cord. The sensory nerves and centers are not 
influenced. 

Action and Uses. — Nitrite of amyl is used as a heart- 
stimulant in sudden heart-failure, and as a depresso- 
motor in angina pectoris, epilepsy, tetanus, and the con- 
vulsions of strychnin-poisoning. It is rarely used in 
puerperal convulsions on account of the danger of 
uterine relaxation and post-partum hemorrhage. Its 
action is very quick and transient, it being absorbed and 
eliminated with great rapidity. 

Dose. — Internally or hypodermically, I to 2 minims 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 57 

(0.06-0.12 c.c); by inhalation, 1 to 5 minims (0.06- 
0.3 c.c). 

For inhalation it is prepared in pearls of thin glass, 
each containing from 2 to 4 minims. One of these is 
crushed in a handkerchief or towel, the broken glass 
shaken off and the fumes inhaled. It produces a sense 
of fulness and throbbing in the head, roaring in the ears, 
flushing of the face, and increased action of the heart 
and respiration, all of which quickly disappear. The 
patient should, if possible, be instructed to inhale the 
drug slowly, and should be prepared for the effects 
of it. 

A poisonous dose increases all the symptoms men- 
tioned, later produces a cold, clammy skin, a feeble, slow 
pulse, restlessness, anxiety of mind, irregular respira- 
tions, and convulsions. 

Treatment. — Heart-stimulants, such as brandy, digi- 
talis, strychnin, or atropin, may be given hypodermically. 
Hot and cold douches should be applied alternately to 
the body, and cold to the head. Artificial respiration 
should be employed if necessary. 

Amylene Hydrate. — Action and Uses. — Amylene 
hydrate is a rapidly-acting hypnotic, producing a quiet 
and refreshing sleep, with no unpleasant after-effects. 

Dose, 20 to 30 minims (1.2-1.8 c.c). For children, 1 
to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Symptoms of poisoning" are dilated pupils, slow, 
weak pulse, slow and irregular respiration, subnormal 
temperature, deep narcosis, and general paralysis. 

Treatment. — Heart-stimulants should be given by 
mouth or hypodermically ; cold should be applied to 
the head; and artificial respiration employed if neces- 
sary. 



58 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Amylum (Starch). — Action and Uses. — Starch is 
used externally in the form of dusting-powder or poul- 
tice, as a protective to the skin, and as an absorbent. It 
is used in surgery for bandages. Given as enema it acts 
as a demulcent in irritating conditions of the rectum. It 
is also given by enema as a vehicle for conveying drugs 
into the rectum. 

The starch poultice is made by mixing ordinary laun- 
dry starch with cold water, and then adding boiling water 
in sufficient quantity to produce a thick paste. It is spread 
smoothly and evenly on a piece of old muslin of the 
desired size, leaving a margin of about one inch to turn in 
all around the poultice. Another layer of muslin is put 
over the face of the poultice and the edges are turned 
well under to prevent the starch escaping. Very often 
belladonna or laudanum is sprinkled over the surface to 
allay pain. 

As an enema the starch should be prepared as for 
laundry use, except that it should be thin enough to pass 
through the syringe. 

About \\ to 3 ounces of the mixture are generally em- 
ployed, and to this 15 to 30 drops of laudanum are 
sometimes added. The enema should stand until luke- 
warm before injecting. 

Analgen. — Action and Uses. — Analgen is an anal- 
gesic and antipyretic. Dose, 5 to 15 grains (0.3-1.0 
gm.). 

Anise (Anisum). — Action and Uses. — Anise is a 
carminative, and has a slight stimulant action on the 
heart and digestive organs. 

Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 

Oil of Anise (Oleum Anisi), 2 to 5 minims (0.12- 
0.3 ex.). 



MATERIA MEDICA. 59 

Spirit of Anise (Spiritus Anisi), 1 to 2 drams (3.7- 
7.5 ex.). 

Anthemis (Chamomile). — Action and Uses. — Inter- 
nally chamomile is a mild tonic, carminative, and bitter 
stomachic. Large doses of the infusion act as a mild 
emetic. Externally it is used in fomentations to relieve 
inflammatory pain and colic. 
Dose, \ to 1 dram (1.9-3.8 gm.). 
Extract (Extractum Anthemidis), 2 to 10 grains. 
Fluid Extract (Extr actum Anthemidis Fluidum), 10 to 
60 minims (0.6-3.7 c.c). 

Infusion (Infusum Anthemidis) (usually of the strength 
of 4 drams to a pint of water), 1 to 2 ounces (30.0- 
60.0 c.c). 

Chamomile Oil (Oleum Anthemidis), I to 3 minims on 
sugar (0.06-0.18 c.c). 

Antimony (Antimonium). — Antimony itself is not 
used in medicine. The chief preparation is tartar 
emetic. 

Tartar Emetic (Antimonii et Potassii Tartras ; 
Antimony and Potassium Tartrate). — Action and 
Uses. — Applied locally to the skin tartar emetic is 
a counterirritant, producing an eruption of small 
papules which soon become pustules. It is seldom 
used locally. Internally in small doses it is a diapho- 
retic and expectorant. In large doses it is an emetic, 
emesis being partly from local and partly from cen- 
tric irritation. It is a powerful depressant to the cir- 
culation, even in small therapeutic doses lessening the 
force and rapidity of the pulse. Large doses cause 
great muscular relaxation, nausea, vomiting, purg- 
ing, faintness, and reduction in the force of the pulse 
and lowered temperature. 



60 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDICA FOR NURSES. 

Dose, -£q to -^j grain (0.0032-0.006 gm.). As an 
emetic, \ to 1 grain (0.032-0.065 gm.). 

Compound Syrup of Squill (Syrupus Scillae 
Compositus), commonly known as " Coxe's Hive 
Syrup," is much used as a home remedy for chil- 
dren. It is an expectorant and an emetic. It should 
not be given without the sanction of a physician, 
as it contains f of a grain of tartar emetic to the 
ounce. 

Dose, 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). As an emetic 
for a child, 30 to 60 minims (0.6-3.7 c.c). It must 
be given cautiously to children. 

Wine of Antimony (Vinum Antimonii). — Used 
as an expectorant and sedative. 

Dose, 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). As an 
emetic, \ to 1 ounce (15.0-30.0 c.c). 

Symptoms of Antimony Poisoning'. — Strong 
metallic taste in mouth, a sense of burning in the 
throat, difficulty of swallowing, violent pain in stom- 
ach, followed by vomiting and purging, a small rapid 
pulse, cold clammy skin, faint respirations, cramps 
in the calves of the legs, subnormal temperature, 
cutaneous anesthesia, and collapse. 

Treatment. — The patient should be put to bed 
and the foot of the bed raised. Mucilaginous drinks 
should be given freely. The antidote is tannin in 
some form, such as strong tea. The stomach-pump 
should be used and the patient be allowed to vomit 
upon towels without rising. Stimulants and exter- 
nal heat are necessary to overcome the depres- 
sion. 
Atttipyrin (Antipyrinum). — Action and Uses. — An- 
tipyrin is an antipyretic, analgesic, diaphoretic, nerve- 



MATERIA ME D1C A. 6 1 

sedative, antiseptic, hemostatic, and local anesthetic. It 
is also said to have some diuretic action. 

Large doses may cause nausea, vomiting, a sense of 
fulness in the head, and in some cases an eruption re- 
sembling measles. 

Dose, 5 to 20 grains (0.3-1.3 gm.). It may be given 
hypodermically, by mouth, or rectum. When given 
hypodermically it is apt to cause local irritation. 

For a child 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.3 gm.) may be given 
in syrup of orange peel, simple syrup, or wine, to disguise 
the taste of the drug. As a wash, a 4-per-cent. solution 
is used ; as a hemostatic, from 10 to 50 per cent. 

Symptoms of Poisoning-. — A weak, irregular pulse, 
rapid respirations, cyanosis, subnormal temperature, di- 
lated pupils, excessive perspiration, muscular weakness, 
and collapse. 

Treatment consists in applying heat to the body and 
in using heart-stimulants. 

Antipyrin Ben^oate (Benzopyrin).— Dose, 5 to 30 
grains (0.3-1.9 gm.). 

Antipyrin Salicylate (Salipyrin ; Antipyrinae Sali- 
cylas). — Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.). 

Antispasmin. — A combination of salicylate of sodium 
and narcein-sodium. 

Action and Uses. — Antispasmin is an analgesic, hyp- 
notic, and sedative. In large doses it is said to be a 
narcotic. 

Dose, \ to 1 grain (0.032-0.065 gm.). It is best given 
in simple syrup. 

Apiol. — Action and Uses. — Apiol is the oil of pars- 
ley. It is used as a stimulating emmenagogue. 

Dose, 3 to 10 minims (0.18-0.6 c.c.) in capsule, or 5 to 
10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 



62 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Full doses produce headache, giddiness, ringing in the 
ears, and mild intoxication. 

Apocytium (Canadian Hemp). — Action and Uses. — 
In small doses apocynum is a diaphoretic and expecto- 
rant. In large doses it is a cathartic and emetic. It 
sometimes acts as a diuretic. 

Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.). Of the fluid ex- 
tract, 5 to 30 minims (0.3-1.8 c.c). Of the decoction, 1 
to 2 ounces, made by boiling \ ounce of the dried root 
in 1 pint of water. 

Apocynin, the active principle of apocynum, is said to 
be a heart-tonic. Dose, \ to 2 grains (0.032-0.130 gm.). 

Apomorphin Hydrochlorate (Apomorphinae Hy- 
drochloras). — Action and Uses. — This compound is pro- 
duced by the action of hydrochloric acid on morphin in 
the presence of intense heat. It is used as a quickly- 
acting emetic and sedative expectorant. As solutions of 
the drug soon spoil and become poisonous, it should be 
freshly dissolved when required. As an emetic it is 
always administered hypodermically, and is especially 
indicated when a speedy result is necessary, when the 
patient is unable to swallow, and when the stomach is 
severely inflamed. Vomiting occurs in from five to 
twenty minutes after its injection. 

Dose.— As an emetic, ^ to \ grain (0.0065-0.013 
gm.) for an adult, hypodermically; it may be repeated 
in fifteen minutes. 

As an emetic for a child, -fa grain (0.0032 gm.). 

As an emetic for an infant, iV to sV g rain (0.0043- 
0.0021 gm.).. 

As an expectorant, -^ to -^ grain (0.016-0.004 gm.), 
by the mouth. 

Aqua (Pure Natural Water).— Action and Uses, — 



MATERIA MEDICA. 63 

Internally, hot water is a diuretic, diaphoretic, diluent, 
and sedative to the stomach. Warm water is an 
emetic. 

The power of heat to stimulate and contract the 
blood-vessels makes the hot douche very useful in 
uterine hemorrhage. It is also antiseptic, and helps to 
compensate for the loss of heat resulting from the hem- 
orrhage, and especially from the shock. 

Externally, in the form of hot baths, packs, fomenta- 
tions, and douches, it relieves inflammation and pain, 
and acts as a diaphoretic. 

Cold water, applied externally in the form of pack, 
bath, poultice, fomentation, or douche, relieves pain, in- 
flammation, sleeplessness, and delirium, and reduces 
fever. 

Internally t it relieves thirst, and is given in fevers to 
flush out the kidneys and to aid in the elimination of the 
worn-out material generated in the body by the fever. 
A cup of cold water taken daily before breakfast often 
relieves constipation. 

Ice and very hot water (temperature 120 to 144 ) are 
also used to check hemorrhage. Heat is better than 
cold, as it constricts the blood-vessels and causes the 
blood to coagulate, while cold paralyzes the vessels and 
stops the hemorrhage for a while ; but when removed 
and the circulation is restored, the bleeding begins again. 
Moreover, with the application of ice, which is seldom 
clean, there is the danger of introducing germs into the 
system. 

Arbutin (Ursin). — Action and Uses. — Arbutin is the 
active principle of uva ursi. It is used as a stimulating 
diuretic and as an internal antiseptic. 

Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.6 gm.). 



64 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Argentum (Silver). — Metallic silver is inert. Of its 
salts the nitrate and the oxid are chiefly used. 

Silver Nitrate (Argenti Nitras). — Action and 
Uses. — Silver nitrate appears as heavy transparent 
crystals, which have an acrid metallic taste. It is 
employed externally in concentrated form as a 
caustic, and in dilute form as a sedative astringent. 
Internally, it is used as an astringent in gastric 
catarrh, gastric ulcer, and diarrhea. In gastric affec- 
tions it should always be given when the stomach 
is empty. In the treatment of bedsores a solution 
of 20 grains to the ounce of water may be applied 
with a brush. 

Dose, \ to \ grain (.010-.032 gm.). As an enema, 
1 to 3 grains (0.06-0.19 gm.) to 4 ounces of water 
(120 c.c). 

Mitigated Caustic (Diluted Silver Nitrate ; Argenti 
Nitras Dilutus). — Used externally as a caustic. 

Lwiar Caustic (Moulded Silver Nitrate ; Argenti 
Nitras Fusus). — A white pencil or cone-shaped solid, 
used as a caustic. 

Silver Oxid (Argenti Oxidum). — Dose, \ to 1 
grain (0.032-0.065 gm.). 

Silver Iodid (Argenti Iodidum). — A yellow pow- 
der which becomes a greenish yellow upon exposure 
to light. Dose, \ to. 2 grains (0.0 16-0. 130 gm.). 

Symptoms of Poisoning-. — Severe pain in the 
abdomen, vomiting, and purging, and all the symp- 
toms of gastro-enteritis. The vomit is white and 
the stools are black. In some cases there are also 
convulsions, paralysis, and coma. 

Treatment. — Common table-salt and water 
should be given freely. This forms an insoluble 






MATERIA MEDIC A. 65 

chlorid and acts as an emetic. If a stick of the 
silver has been swallowed, salt should be given 
with milk or gruel, and followed with an emetic. 
The stick of silver will be vomited, the milk or 
gruel will form a smooth coating for the mucous 
membranes and prevent the silver doing harm. 
Large quantities of milk or soap and water may 
be given to dilute the poison. External heat and 
heart-stimulants are required when there is collapse. 
Aristol (Thymol Iodid). — Action and Uses. — Aristol 
is a reddish-brown powder containing about 45 per cent, 
of iodin. It is used in surgery as a substitute for iodo- 
form. It has not the disagreeable odor of iodoform, and 
its use seems to be attended with less danger of poison- 
ing. It is used in the form of fine powder or ointment, 
the strength of the latter varying from \ to 1 dram to 
1 ounce of pure lard. 

Arnica Flowers (Arnicae Flores); Arnica Root 
(Arnicae Radix).— Action and Uses. — Arnica is a very 
common home-remedy for sprains and bruises. It is an 
irritant and increases the circulation of the skin. It is 
sometimes used internally in small doses as a stimulant 
to the heart and kidneys. 

Tincture of Arnica Flowers (Tinctura Arnicae Florum), 
10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). 

Extract of Arnica Root (Extractum Arnicae Radicis), 3 
to 5 grains (0.19-0.32 gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Arnica Root (Extractum Arnicae Rad- 
icis Fluidum), 5 to 10 minims (0.3-0.6 c.c). 

Tincture of Arnica Root (Tinctura Arnicae Radicis), 20 
to 30 minims (1.2-1.8 c.c). 
Arsenic. See Acids. 

Asafetida (Asafcetida). — Action and Uses. — Asa- 
5 



66 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDICA FOR NURSES. 

fetida is an antispasmodic, nerve-stimulant, carminative, 
and stimulant expectorant. 

Dose. — Of the tincture (tinctura asafcetidae), } to I 
dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 

Of the emulsion, 4 to 8 drams (15.0-30.0 c.c). 

Suppositories contain the equivalent of 40 drops of the 
tincture. 

Plaster (Emplastrum Asafcetidae). — Used when an anti- 
spasmodic and counterirritant action is needed. 

Enema Asafcetidce, which acts as a carminative, laxative, 
and antispasmodic, is prepared by dissolving 30 grains 
in 4 ounces of water. 

The compound enema, for the relief of tympanitis, con- 
tains tincture of asafetida, 3 ounces (90.0 c.c.) ; glycerin, 
1 ounce (30.0 c.c.) ; magnesium sulphate, 1 ounce (30.0 
c.c); oil of turpentine, 30 minims (1.8 c.c). This is 
followed in fifteen minutes with 1 pint of warm soap- 
suds. 

Asaprol. — Action and Uses. — Asaprol is an anti- 
septic and antipyretic. It has also some analgesic action. 

Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.32-1.9 gm.). 

As an antiseptic, a 2 to 5 per cent, solution. 

It is also used in the form of an ointment. 

Asclepias (Pleurisy Root). — Action and Uses. — 
Asclepias is an expectorant and diaphoretic. In large 
doses it acts as a cathartic. 

Dose, 20 to 60 grains (1.3-3.9 g m -)- 

Fluid Extract (Extractum Asclepiadis Fluidum), 20 to 
60 minims (1.2-3.7 c - c -)- 

Infusion (Infusum Asclepiadis), 1 teacupful. The in- 
fusion is made by adding 1 ounce of the powdered root 
to 1 quart of water. 

Aspidium (Male Fern ; Filix Mas).— Action and Uses. 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 67 

— Aspidium is used as a tenicide, or agent for expelling 
tape-worm. 

Dose, J to 1 dram (1.9-3.9 c.c), followed by a purga- 
tive. 

Oleoresin (Oleoresina Aspidii), J to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 cc 0- 

Atropin (Atropina). — Action and Uses. — Atropin is 
an alkaloid of belladonna. It is used to stimulate the 
heart and respiration ; to dilate the pupil ; to check ex- 
cessive secretion of sweat and saliva; to relieve local 
spasms, as in asthma and whooping-cough ; and to in- 
crease peristaltic movements in atonic constipation. (See 
Belladonna') 

Dose, -g^-g- to ^ grain (0.00032-0.00086 gm.). 

Atropin Sulphate (Atropinae Sulphas). — The sulphate 
of an alkaloid obtained from belladonna, jfa to ^ grain 
(0.00043-0.0016 gm.). It should be given just before or 
after a meal, as it lessens the secretions of the stomach. 

Symptoms of Poisoning. — Dryness of the mouth and 
throat, difficulty in swallowing, dilatation of the pupils, 
flushing of the face, frequent desire but inability to urin- 
ate, a red rash like that of scarlet fever, delirium, a rapid 
and wiry pulse, rapid breathing, convulsions, exhaustion, 
coma, and death. 

Upon the appearance of the first three symptoms the 
drug should be stopped and the physician notified. 

Treatment. — The stomach should be emptied by 
emetics or the stomach-pump. Other measures of relief 
include cold applications to the head, stimulants, black 
coffee, and external heat. 

Aurantium (Orange). — Action and Uses. — The prep- 
arations of bitter orange-peel are used as carminatives 
and stomachics. 

The sweet orange-peel is used for flavoring. 



68 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Dose. — Bitter Orange-peel (Aurantii Amari Cortex), 

15 to 30 grains (1. 0-1.9 gm.). 

Fluid Extract (Extractum Aurantii Amari Fluidum), 

16 to 30 minims (1. 0-1.8 c.c). 

Tincture (Tinctura Aurantii Amari), 1 to 2 drams (3.7- 
7.5 c.c). 

Alirum (Gold). — Action and Uses. — The physiologi- 
cal effects of the salts of gold closely resemble those of 
mercury, and are sometimes used as substitutes for the 
latter drug. 

The symptoms and treatment of poisoning 1 are the 
same as those of mercury. 

Preparations. — Bromid of Gold (Auri Bromidum). — 
Dose, £ to I grain (0.013-0.032 gm.). 

Gold Chlorid (Auri Chloridum). — Dose, y^- to ^ 
grain (0.0006-0.0032 gm.). 

Gold and Sodium Chlorid (Auri et Sodii Chloridum) 
contains equal parts of gold chlorid and sodium chlorid. 
Dose, -£$ to -^ grain (0.0032-0.0064 gm.). 

Gold and Potassium Bromid (Auri et Potassii Brom- 
idum). — Dose, yo to i grain (0.0064-0.02 gm.). 

Balsam of Peru (Balsamum Peruvianum). — Action 
and Uses. — Balsam of Peru is used externally as an 
antiseptic application in bedsores and wounds. Inter- 
nally it is used as a stimulant, expectorant, and mild 
carminative. 

Dose, 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). 

Balsam of Toltl (Balsamum Tolutanum.) — Action 
and Uses. — Balsam of Tolu is used for the same pur- 
poses as the balsam of Peru. On account of its agree- 
able flavor it is often used as a flavoring vehicle in cough- 
mixtures. 



MATERIA MEDICA. 69 

Dose. — Syrup of Tolu, 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c.) ; tinc- 
ture of Tolu 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Belladonna (Deadly Nightshade). — Action and 
Uses. — Belladonna is used both internally and externally, 
and owes its activity to its chief alkaloid, atropin. 

Small doses administered internally cause dryness of 
the mucous membrane of the mouth, throat, and nose. 

After a moderate dose the pulse becomes strong and 
rapid, the temperature rises, the respirations become 
deeper and more frequent, the dryness of the mouth and 
throat becomes more intense, and the pupils become 
dilated and the vision disordered. 

After large doses these symptoms are intensified, the 
pulse is very rapid, a bright-red rash resembling scarlet 
fever, but without the punctations, appears on the face 
and neck, and may gradually spread over the whole 
body, and there is a talkative and wakeful delirium. When 
a poisonous dose has been taken, together with these 
symptoms, there are loss of muscular power, failing 
pulse and respiration, subnormal temperature, widely 
dilated pupils, coma, convulsions, and death from as- 
phyxia. 

Used locally, belladonna lessens the sensibility of 
the sensory nerves, thus acting as a sedative and anes- 
thetic. It is readily absorbed, and may produce constitu- 
tional symptoms. 

The smallest fatal dose of belladonna is not known ; 
the writer has seen alarming symptoms produced by ■£$ 
grain of atropin. In susceptible persons there may ap- 
pear a scarlet rash on the skin and fauces, after a minute 
dose, due to capillary congestion caused by the increased 
circulation. 

Treatment of Poisoning. — Belladonna-poisoning is to 



yo PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

be treated by administering the chemical antidote, tannic 
acid, by the application of external heat to all parts of 
the body, and by the use of stimulants when symptoms 
of collapse appear. The bowels and bladder should be 
emptied to prevent reabsorption of the drug. 

Preparations and Doses. — Leaves (Belladonnae Folia). 

Alcoholic Extract of Belladonna (Extractum Bella- 
donnae Alcoholicum), -g- to J grain (0.010-0.016 gm.). 

Tincture of Belladonna (Tinctura Belladonnae), 10 to 20 
minims (0.6-1.2 c.c). 

Belladonna Ointment (Unguentum Belladonnae). — 
Used externally. 

Root (Belladonnae Radix). 

Fluid Extract of Belladonna (Extractum Belladonnae 
Fluidum), 1 to 2 minims (0.06-0.12 c.c). — Used exter- 
nally. 

Belladonna Plaster (Emplastrum Belladonnae). — Used 
externally. 

Belladomta Liniment (Linimentum Belladonnae). — Used 
externally. 

Bensanilid (Benzanilidum). — Action and Uses. — 
A new drug, the uses of which are similar to those of 
acetanilid. It is used chiefly as an antipyretic. 

Dose, 3 to 10 grains (0.19-0.6 gm.); for children, 2 
to 5 grains (0.13-0.3 gm.). 

Benzoin (Benzoinum). — Action and Uses. — The ac- 
tion of benzoin is due to the benzoic acid which it con- 
tains. Benzoin and its compounds are used internally as 
antiseptics, stimulant expectorants, and diuretics. 

Locally, in concentrated form, it is an irritant to the 
mucous membrane of the fauces and nasal passages, and 
when inhaled in steam, or when applied in powder form, 
it produces coughing and sneezing. The compound 



MATERIA ME DIC A. J I 

tincture of benzoin is used as a stimulant and healing 
application to fresh wounds. A few drops of the tincture 
added to bathing water serves to cleanse the skin, and 
gives a pleasant feeling of freshness by stimulating its 
action. 

Preparations and Doses. — Benzoic Acid (Acidum 
Benzoicum), 10 to 40 grains (0.65-2.59 gm.). Locally, it 
acts as an antiseptic and stimulant. When taken inter- 
nally it is eliminated by the kidneys as hippuric acid, 
and in consequence it is much used in chronic inflam- 
mation of the bladder with alkaline urine. 

Tincture of Benzoin (Tinctura Benzoini), 10 to 30 min- 
ims (0.6-1.8 c.c). 

Compound Tincture of Be?izoin (Tinctura Benzoini Com- 
posita; Friar's Balsam), 30 to 60 minims (1.8-3.75 c.c). 

Benzoate of Ammonium (Ammonii Benzoas). — A stim- 
ulant, expectorant, and diuretic. Dose, 10 to 20 grains 
(0.6-1.3 gm.). 

Benzoate of Lithium (Lithii Benzoas), 10 to 30 grains 

(0.6-1.9 g m 0- 

Benzoate of Sodium (Sodii Benzoas). — Action and Uses. 
— The sodium and lithium benzoates are much used as a 
substitute for the salicylates in chronic rheumatic and 
gouty affections. Dose, 10 to 60 grains (0.6-3.9 g m -)- 

Benzoate of Calcium (Calcii Benzoas), 10 to 15 grains 
(0.6-1.0 c.c). 

Bensosol (Benzoyl Guaiacol). — Action and Uses. — 
Benzosol is an intestinal antiseptic It is also given in 
phthisis as a substitute for creosote. 

Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.6 gm.). 

Bebeerin Sulphate (Bebeefinae Sulphas).— Action 
and Uses. — The sulphate of berberin is a tonic and anti- 
periodic It also has some antiseptic action. 



J 2 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Dose, 2 to 5 grains (0.13-0.32 gm.). 

Berberis (Barberry). — Action and Uses. — Berberis 
is a tonic, stomachic, alterative, and laxative. In large 
doses it acts as a cathartic, producing watery discharges, 
with much abdominal pain. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Berberis, 5 to 20 minims 
(0.3-1.2 c.c). 

Tincture of Berberis, 10 to 60 minims (0.6-3.7 c.c). 

Betol (Naphthalol ; Naphthosalol). — Betol is closely 
allied to salol, but is less powerful. In the intestines it 
is decomposed into naphthol and salicylic acid. It is 
used as an intestinal antiseptic. 

Dose, 2 to 5 grains (0.15-0.3 gm.) in pill form or in 
emulsion. 

Bismuth (Bismuthum). — Metallic bismuth is inert. 
The action of the insoluble salts, when given internally 
in medicinal doses, is that of a sedative and astringent to 
the mucous membranes of the alimentary canal. They 
impart to the stools a black or dark clay color. 

Locally, the salts of bismuth have an antiseptic, seda- 
tive, and astringent action, and are used in the form of 
an ointment, lotion, or powder. 

Preparations and Doses. — Bismuth and Ammonium 
Citrate (Bismuthi et Ammonii Citras). — Astringent. Dose, 
2 to 5 grains (0.13-0.32 gm.). 

Bismuth Oxid (Bismuthi Oxidum). — Sedative and as- 
tringent. It is occasionally used in intestinal disorders. 
Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.65 gm.). 

Bismuth Subiodid (Bismuthi Subiodidum). — Used ex- 
ternally as an antiseptic and stimulant. 

Bismuth Salicylate (Bismuthi Salicylas). — Intestinal 
antiseptic. Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-2.0 gm.), given in 
powder or capsule. Insoluble in water or alcohol. 



MATERIA MEDICA. 73 

Bismuth Subcarbonate (Bismuthi Subcarbonas). — 
Action and Uses. — It appears as a heavy white powder, 
tasteless and odorless, and insoluble in water. It is used 
internally as an astringent, sedative, and antiseptic in 
inflammatory diseases of the stomach and intestines. 
Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.6-2.0 gm.) in dry powder, in 
emulsion, stirred up in milk, or in troche. 

Bismuth Subgallate (Bismuthi Subgallas ; Dermatol). 
— Bismuth subgallate, or dermatol, as it is more com- 
monly called, is used externally as a substitute for iodo- 
form, an antiseptic, sedative, and astringent. It is also 
given internally as a substitute for bismuth subnitrate. 
Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.6 gm.). 

Bismuth Subnitrate (Bismuthi Subnitras). — Action and 
Uses. — Bismuth subnitrate is the commonly prescribed 
salt of bismuth. It appears as a heavy white powder, 
odorless and tasteless, and insoluble in water. It is used 
externally as an antiseptic dusting-powder, and internally 
as an astringent, sedative, and antiseptic in inflammatory 
affections of the stomach and intestines. It imparts a 
garlicky odor to the breath, and makes the stools black. 
Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.6-2.0 gm.), in powder dry on 
the tongue ; in emulsion, stirred up in milk, or in troche. 

Borax ; Biborate of Sodium (Sodii Boras). — Action 
and Uses. — Borax is a diuretic and antacid. It is also 
used as an antiseptic mouth-wash and dusting-powder. 

Dose, 5 to 15 grains (0.3-1.0 gm.). (See also Boric 
Acid) 

Brayera; Kousso (Cusso). — Action and Uses. — 
Cusso is a vermifuge, generally used in the form of an 
infusion. It sometimes produces nausea and vomiting. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Cusso (Extractum Cusso 
Fluidum), 2 to 4 drams (7.5-15.0 c.c). 



74 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Infusion (Infusum Cusso), | ounce of the powdered 
flowers in I pint of boiling water, allowed to stand for 
fifteen minutes in a covered vessel, and drunk without 
straining. Dose, I to 2 ounces (30.0-60.0 c.c), to be 
taken on an empty stomach ; of the powdered flowers, 
10 to 30 grains (0.65-2.0 gm.), given in water or in 
wafer. 

Bromal Hydrate. — Action and Uses. — Bromal 
hydrate is a hypnotic and analgesic. It is used in the 
same conditions as chloral, but its action is more power- 
ful. 

Dose, 1 to 5 grains (0.06-0.3 gm.). 

Bromamid. — Action and Uses. — Bromamid is an 
antiseptic and analgesic. 

Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.6 gm.). 

Bromid of Ammonium (Ammonii Bromidum). See 
Ammonium Bromid. 

Bromid of Calcium (Calcii Bromidum). — Use. — An 
hypnotic. 

Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-2.0 gm.). 

Bromid of Bthyl. — Use. — Bromid of ethyl is used 
as a general anesthetic for small operations. Its action 
is rapid but evanescent. 

Dose, from 1 to 5 drams by inhalation. It generally 
leaves an odor of garlic on the breath for some days 
after its inhalation. Nausea and vomiting may follow 
its use, but not as a rule. 

Bromid of Gold. See Aurum. 

Bromid of I/ithium (Lithii Bromidum). — Use. — 
Similar to that of bromid of potassium, but its action is 
weaker. 

Dose, 15 to 60 grains (1.0-4.0 gm.). 

Bromid of Potassium (Potassii Bromidum). — Ac- 



MATERIA MEDICA. 75 

tion and Uses. — Potassium bromid is the most com- 
monly prescribed preparation of the bromids. It is much 
used as an hypnotic, nerve-sedative, and antispasmodic. 
It is the most powerful bromid compound, and in large 
doses it is somewhat depressing to the circulation. Like 
other bromids, its long use is followed by a group of 
symptoms termed bromism — an acne rash, mental dul- 
ness, failure of memory, fetor of the breath, muscular 
weakness, and unsteady gait. Fowler's solution, or some 
other preparation of arsenic, is often given with the bro- 
mid to prevent the development of acne. 

Dose, 10 to 60 grains (0.6-4.0 gm.). 

Bromid of Sodium (Sodii Bromidum). — Use. — The 
sodium bromid is used for the same purposes as the 
corresponding salt of potassium; it is, however, less 
powerful as a nerve-sedative and does not depress the 
heart to the same extent. 

Dose, 5 to 60 grains (0.3-4.0 gm.). 

Bromid of Strontium (Strontii Bromidum).— Use.— 
Strontium bromid is used for the same purposes as the 
corresponding salt of potassium, but it is less active, less 
depressing, and less apt to produce acne. 

Dose, 15 to 60 grains (1.0-4.0 gm.). 

Bromoform (an analogue of Chloroform). — Action 
and Uses. — Bromoform is an analgesic, antiseptic, and 
antispasmodic. It is chiefly used in the treatment of 
whooping-cough. 

Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c - c -)- 

Bromol (Tribromophenol). — Action and Uses. — 
Bromol is an intestinal disinfectant and anthelmintic. It 
is used locally in diphtheria as a disinfectant. 

Dose, -fa to \ grain (0.006-0.02 gm.). 

As an anthelmintic, 2 to 5 grains (0.13-0.3 gm.). 



76 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Locally it is used in a solution of glycerin or olive 
oil, in the strength of from I : 20 to I : 30. 

Bromtim (Bromin). — Action and Uses. — Bromin ap- 
pears as a dark-red volatile liquid. Its taste is caustic 
and disagreeable. It is employed as a powerful caustic. 
Its fumes are highly irritating to the respiratory tract. 

Brucin. — Action and Uses. — Brucin is one of the 
alkaloids of nux vomica. It is said to represent but one- 
twelfth of the strength of nux vomica. Its physiologi- 
cal action is similar to, but much less powerful than, 
strychnin. It is used in the same conditions as strychnin. 

Dose, ^ t° \ grain (0.005-0.03 gm.). 

Bryonia (Bryony). — Action and Uses. — Bryonia is 
the root of a European perennial plant, Bryonia alba. It 
is an irritant to the skin, mucous and serous membranes. 
In large doses it is a hydragogue, cathartic, and diuretic. 
It is used in various inflammatory chest affections, rheu- 
matism, and atonic dyspepsia. 

Dose. — Tincture of Bryonia, 10 minims to 2 drams 
(0.6-7.5 ex.). 

Buchu. — Action and Uses. — Buchu is the leaf of 
several species of Barosma, a South African shrub. It is 
chiefly used as a stimulating diuretic in inflammatory 
diseases of the kidney and bladder. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Buchu (Extractum Buchu 
Fluidum), J to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)> we ^ diluted. 

Infusion, made by adding 1 ounce of the leaves to 
1 pint of water, 1 to 2 ounces (30-60 c.c). 

Butyl-chloral-hydrate. (See Chloral) — A nerve- 
sedative and hypnotic. 

Dose, 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 gm.), generally given 
in pill or emulsion after meals. It is too irritating to 
use hypodermically. 



MATERIA MEDICA. JJ 

Cactus Grandiflorus (Night-blooming Cereus). — 
Action and Uses. — Cactus is a heart-stimulant, some- 
times used as a substitute for digitalis. It has no cumu- 
lative action. 

Dose. — Tinctura Cacti Grandiflori, 2 to 8 minims. 

Extractum cacti grandiflori fluidum, 2 to 4 minims. 

Caffea (Coffee). — Action and Uses. — Coffee is a 
diuretic, a heart- and brain-stimulant, and stomachic. 
Strong black coffee is valuable in the treatment of 
opium-poisoning, as it helps to keep the patient awake 
and stimulates the respiratory center. It is also used 
to counteract exhaustion following long mental or physi- 
cal exertion. 

Taken in excess, coffee will cause dyspepsia, nervous- 
ness, wakefulness, muscular tremors, and palpitation of 
the heart. Coffee owes its activity to its alkaloid, caffein, 
which is identical with thein, the alkaloid of tea. 

Caffein. — As a heart-stimulant caffein resembles digi- 
talis in its action, but it is more prompt and it has no 
cumulative action. It is also a respiratory stimulant, a 
cerebral stimulant, and a diuretic. Coffee or caffein may 
be used in all cases of collapse and heart-failure. 

Poisoning' by caffein is very rare. The symptoms, 
which appear rapidly, are vertigo, faintness, muscular 
weakness, anesthesia, coldness of the extremities, pain in 
the stomach, increased diuresis, rise of temperature, rapid 
respirations and pulse, tonic and clonic convulsions, and 
collapse. The antidotes are opium and digitalis to stimu- 
late the heart and relieve the nervous symptoms. 

Dose. — Caffein, 2 to 10 grains (0.13-0.65 gm.) in solu- 
tion, capsule, or pill. 

Citrate of Caffein (Caffeina Citrata), I to 5 grains (0.06- 
0.3 gm.). 



78 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDICA FOR NURSES. 

Effervescent Citrate of Caffein, i to 4 drams (3.9-1 5 .0 c.c). 

Caffein Triiodid, the triiodid of caffein, a heart-stimulant, 
tonic, and diuretic, 1 to 5 grains (0.06-0.3 gm.). 

Benzoate of Sodium and Caffein is much preferred for 
hypodermic use on account of its solubility and freedom 
from irritating properties. 

Calamus (Sweet Flag). — Action and Uses. — Calamus 
is a stomachic, and an aromatic bitter, increasing the ap- 
petite and stimulating digestion. 

Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.). 

Fluid Extract (Extractum Calami Fluidum), 5 to 30 
minims (0.3-1.8 c.c). 

Infusion, made in the proportion of 1 ounce (30.0 
c.c.) of the root to 1 pint (480.0 c.c.) of boiling water, 
I wineglassful. 

Calcium. — Preparations of Calcium. — Calcii Carbo- 
nas Prcecipitatus (Precipitated Calcium Carbonate). — It is 
used internally as an antacid and astringent in acute 
diarrhea ; externally as a dusting-powder in chapped skin. 
Dose, 10 to 40 grains (0.65-2.6 gm.). 

Calcium Chlorid (Calcii Chloridum). — Used internally 
as an alterative, and externally in the form of poultice 
or fomentation, to hasten suppuration. Dose, 2 to 15 
grains (0.1 3-1.0 gm.) in milk or water. 

Calcium Hypophosphite (Calcii Hypophosphis). — Ac- 
tion and Uses. — It is used as a nutrient tonic in wasting 
diseases, such as phthisis and rickets, and in general 
debility. Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.). 

Calomel. See Mercury. 

Calumba. — Action and Uses. — Calumba is a bitter 
tonic, increasing the appetite and promoting digestion. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract (Extractum Calumbae Fluidum), 
16 to 60 minims (1.0-3.8 c.c). 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 79 

Tincture of Calumba (Tinctura Calumbae), 1 to 2 drams 
(3.9-7.5 ex.). 

Calx (Lime ; Unslaked Lime). — Action and Uses. — . 
Unslaked lime is an excellent disinfectant. Locally it is 
a powerful caustic. In combination with caustic soda it 
constitutes " London Paste," and in combination with 
caustic potash, " Vienna Paste " (Potassa cum Calce). 

Preparations. — Chlorinated Lime (Calx Chlorata). — 
Used externally as a disinfectant and deodorizer, in solu- 
tion usually of the strength of 1 pound to 2 gallons of 
water. 

Sulphurated Lime (Calx Sulphurata). — Used internally 
in some skin-diseases, and externally as a depilatory. 
Dose, yq- to |- grain (0.006-0.013 gm.). 

Lime-water (Liquor Calcis ; Solution of Lime). — It is 
used internally as an antacid, astringent, and gastric seda- 
tive. Lime-water is added to milk to partly neutralize 
the acid of the stomach and to prevent the milk from 
forming hard undigestible lumps in the stomach. Lime- 
water is one of the most common remedies for checking 
nausea and vomiting. It is an antidote in acid-poisoning. 
Externally it is used as an alkaline application in burns, 
scalds, and in some skin-diseases. A spray of lime- 
water is used in inflammatory throat affections to remove 
viscid mucus and false membrane. Dose, 1 to 8 drams 
(3.7-30.0 c.c). It may be made by adding 2 ounces of 
unslaked lime to 1 gallon of water for two or three 
minutes. After standing about twelve hours the clear 
solution may be drawn of and poured into a well-stop- 
pered bottle. 

Carron Oil (Linimentum Calcis). — Equal parts of olive 
or linseed oil and lime-water. It is used as a dressing 
for burns. 



80 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Syrup of Lime (Syrupus Calcis). — Dose, l to 2 drams 
(1.8-7.5 ex.). 

Camphor (Camphora). — Action and Uses. — Cam- 
phor is a gum obtained from the Cinnamomum Cam- 
phora, growing in China and Japan. It is used internally 
as a nervous sedative, carminative, antispasmodic, and 
stimulant. Externally it is used as a stimulating appli- 
cation in rheumatism, sprains, and neuralgia. A solution 
of I part of camphor to 10 parts of olive oil is used hy- 
podermically, with excellent effect, as a heart-stimulant. 

Large doses of camphor cause giddiness, faintness, 
burning in the stomach, cold clammy skin, feeble pulse, 
convulsions, and unconsciousness. The treatment of 
poisoning consists in the use of stimulants and the 
external application of heat. 

Dose, 2 to 5 grains (0.13-0.33 gm.). 

Preparations. — Camphor-water (Aqua Camphorae), 1 
to 4 drams (3.9-1 5.0 c.c). 

Spirits of Camphor (Spiritus Camphorae), 5 to 30 min- 
ims (0.3-1.8 c.c). 

- Camphorated Tincture of Opium (Tinctura Opii Cam- 
phorata), \ to 4 drams (1. 8-1 5.0 c.c). 

Camphor Cerate (Ceratum Camphorae). — For local 
use. 

Camphor Liniment (Linimentum Camphorae). — For 
external use. 

Soap Liniment (Linimentum Saponis). — For external 
use. 

Camphora Monobromata (Monobromated Camphor) is 
a hypnotic and nervous sedative. It resembles the 
bromids in its action, but is not identical with them. 
Toxic doses produce epileptiform convulsions. Dose, 1 
to 5 grains (0.065-0.3 gm.). 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 8 1 

Cannabis Indica (Indian Cannabis ; Indian Hemp). 
— Action and Uses. — Cannabis indica is a nerve-sedative, 
anodyne, antispasmodic, and narcotic. 

Full medicinal doses first stimulate, then depress the 
heart and blood-vessels, and produce a feeling of exhila- 
ration with pleasing ideas and hallucinations. There is 
also disordered consciousness of personality, time, and 
locality, followed by a sense of weight in the extremities, 
loss of muscular power, cutaneous anesthesia, and sleep. 
The pupils are dilated. The respirations may be slow or 
quickened. The urine is increased. The after-effects of 
opium — nausea, headache, etc. — are not present. No 
fatal case of poisoning from its use is recorded. 

Dose. — Extract of Cannabis Indica (Extractum Canna- 
bis Indicae), J to J grain (0.016-0.032 gm.). 

Fluid Extract (Extractum Cannabis Indicae Fluidum), 
16 minims to 1 dram (1.0-3.7 c - c -)« 

Tannate of Cannabin is a mild hypnotic. Dose, 2 to 
10 grains (0.12-0.6 c.c). 

Cantharis (Cantharides ; Spanish Flies). — Action 
and Uses. — Applied externally, cantharis is a rubefacient 
and vesicant ; internally it is a uterine stimulant. 

Dose. — Tincture of Cantharides (Tinctura Cantharidis), 
I to 10 minims. 

Cantharidal Collodion (Collodium Cantharidatum). 
— Used externally. 

Cerate of Cantharides (Ceratum Cantharidis). — Used 
externally. 

Warming Plaster (Pitch Plaster with Cantharides; 
Emplastrum Picis Cantharidatum). — Used externally. 

A blister is raised with either cantharidal cerate, col- 
lodion, or plaster. The part must be washed, shaved if 
necessary, and wiped perfectly dry ; the plaster is cut the 



%2 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

desired size and shape and applied. If the cerate is used, 
it should be spread on a piece of cotton cloth and kept 
in place with a bandage. If adhesive plaster is used to 
keep either of these plasters in place, there will be no 
room for the blister to rise and it will cause severe pain. 
Before applying the cantharidal collodion the parts to 
be blistered should first be outlined with vaselin or oil, 
which will prevent spreading of the blistering solution. 
The collodion, which is painted on with a swab or a 
brush, first causes an itching sensation, and patients 
should be told of this to guard against scratching. The 
action of cantharides must be closely watched. It is a 
powerful irritant, and, when absorbed, affects the kidneys, 
and may cause painful urination or suppression of urine. 

Symptoms of Poisoning". — Burning pain in the throat, 
stomach, and abdomen; vomiting (if the powder has 
been taken the vomited matter will contain green specks) ; 
thirst ; scanty bloody urine, bloody movements ; a weak, 
rapid pulse ; rapid respiration ; convulsions ; delirium and 
death. 

The treatment consists in evacuating the stomach 
and in administering demulcent drinks. No oils should 
be given, as they aid absorption. Stimulants and opium 
may be required. 

Capsicum (Cayenne Pepper ; African Pepper). — Ac- 
tion and Uses. — Internally, capsicum is a carminative 
and stomachic in atonic dyspepsia, acute alcoholism, 
and flatulent colic. In acute alcoholism capsicum quiets 
the nervous disturbance that arises from the condition 
of the stomach. Administered on a crumb of bread or 
in egg-nog, it quiets the aching distress at the epigas- 
trium, and so tends to take the place of alcohol, and 
secondarily to induce quiet and sleep. Externally, it is 



MATERIA MEDICA. 83 

a counterirritant and stimulant to the skin. In sore 
throat and tonsillitis a mixture of equal parts of glycerin 
and tincture of capsicum is an efficient local application. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract (Extractum Capsici Fluidum), I 
to 3 minims (0.06-0.18 c.c). 

Oleoresifi (Oleoresina Capsici), 1 minim (0.06 c.c). 

Tincture (Tinctura Capsici), 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 
c.c). 

Capsicum Plaster (Emplastrum Capsici). — Used exter- 
nally. 

Cardamom (Cardamomum). — Action and Uses. — 
Cardamom is a carminative and aromatic. It is often 
given with purgatives to lessen griping and relieve flatu- 
lence. 

Dose. — Tincture of Cardamom (Tinctura Cardamomi), 
1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Compound Tincture (Tinctura Cardamomi Composita), 
1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Aromatic Powder (Pulvis Aromaticus), 5 to 30 grains 
(0.3-1.9 gm.). 

Carum (Caraway). — Action and Uses. — Caraway is a 
carminative and stomachic It is frequently combined 
with cathartics to lessen griping. It is also used as a 
flavoring agent. 

Dose, 1 to 10 grains (0.065-0.6 gm.). 

Oil of Caraway (Oleum Cari), 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 
c.c). 

Caryophyllus (Cloves). — Action and Uses. — Cloves 
are used internally as a stimulant, carminative, flavoring 
agent, and, in combination with purgatives, to prevent 
griping. Externally they have a counterirritant and 
anesthetic action. The oil of cloves is used locally as an 
anodyne in relieving toothache. 



84 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Dose, i to io grains (0.065-0.6 gm.). 

Oil of Cloves (Oleum Caryophylli), 1 to 5 minims (0.06- 
0.3 c.c). 

Infusion, or Clove Tea (Infusum Caryophylli), 2 drams 
to the pint of boiling water. Dose, 1 wineglassful. 

Cascara Sagrada. — Action and Uses. — Cascara 
is a stomachic and laxative. It is the dried bark of 
the Rhamnus Purshiana, which grows on the Pacific 
coast. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract (Extractum Cascarae Sagradae 
Fluidum), 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c), before meals. 

Extract (Extractum Cascarae Sagradae), 2 to 5 grains 
(0.13-O.32 gm.). 

Cascarilla. — Action and Uses. — Cascarilla is an 
aromatic and bitter tonic, increasing the appetite and 
stimulating digestion. 

Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.). 

Catechu. — Action and Uses. — Catechu is a power- 
ful astringent, used both internally and externally. 

Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.). 

Compound Tincture (Tinctura Catechu Composita), £ 
to 2 drams (1.8-7.5 c - c -)- 

Troches (Trochisci Catechu). — One as required. 

Cerium Oxalate (Cerii Oxalas). — Action and Uses. 
— Oxalate cerium is a gastric sedative, much used to 
control nausea and vomiting. 

Dose, 1 to 10 grains (0.065-0.6 gm.), in pill or cap- 
sule. 

Cetaceum (Spermaceti). — Spermaceti is used exter- 
nally as an emollient. 

Cetraria (Iceland Moss). — Action and Uses. — Ce- 
traria is used chiefly as a demulcent. It has slight 
nutritive and tonic properties. 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 85 

Dose. — Decoction of Cetraria (Decoctum Cetrariae), 2 
to 4 ounces (60.00-118.00 c.c). 

Chalk, Prepared (Creta Praeparata). — Chalk is used 
as an antacid, astringent, and dentifrice. It is also the 
antidote in poisoning by mineral acids. 

Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.). 

Preparations. — Chalk Mixture (Mistura Cretae). — Used 
as an astringent in acute diarrhea. 

Dose, 1 to 4 drams (3.7-15.0 c.c). 

Troches of Chalk (Trochisci Cretae). — Dose, one as 
required. 

Charcoal (Carbo Ligni; Wood Charcoal). — Action 
and Uses. — Externally charcoal is a disinfectant, deodor- 
ant, and absorbent, and as such is used in the dressing 
of wounds. Internally it is a carminative and absorbent 

Dose, 5 to 60 grains (0.6-3.9 g m -)- 

Charcoal Poultice. — A charcoal poultice, which is a 
very dirty poultice to prepare, is generally made with 
one part of charcoal and two parts of flaxseed meal, 
mixed and made in the usual way, a little additional 
charcoal being sprinkled over the surface of the poultice 
before applying. This poultice, which is ordered for 
wounds which have an offensive discharge, acts as a 
deodorant by absorbing the odor and promoting a healthy 
condition. Another method of making this poultice is 
to add I ounce of charcoal to 4 ounces of flaxseed meal 
and bread-crumbs, mixing all together and making the 
application in the ordinary way. 

Chenopodium (American Wormseed). — Used solely 
as an anthelmintic for the expulsion of round worms. 

Dose, 20 to 30 grains (0.6-1.9 S m -)- 

Oil of Chenopodium (Oleum Chenopodii), 5 to 10 
minims (0.3-0.6 c.c), before meals. 



86 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Chimaphila (Pipsissewa). — Action and Uses. — 
Chimaphila is a tonic, astringent, and stimulating diu- 
retic. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract (Extractum Chimaphilae Flu- 
idum), J to i dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 

Chiretta (Chirata). — Action and Uses. — Chiretta is 
a bitter tonic, free from astringent properties. It also 
stimulates the flow of bile. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract (Extractum Chiratse Fluidum), 
\ to I dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 

Tincture (Tinctura Chiratae), 1 to 4 drams (3.7-1 5.0 c.c). 

Chloral (Chloral Hydrate). — Action and Uses. — 
Chloral is a pure hypnotic and antispasmodic. It is not 
an anodyne, and will not produce sleep when pain is the 
cause of wakefulness. It is a marked depressant to the 
heart and the nervous system, and should be used with 
caution. The sleep of chloral resembles natural sleep, 
and is not followed by unpleasant after-effects, such as 
nausea and headache, which generally follow the use of 
opium. 

During sleep the pupils are slightly contracted, the 
respirations regular and quiet, and the pulse slowed. In 
some patients chloral may cause, instead of sleep, in- 
somnia, headache, and delirium. The danger of chloral 
is paralysis of the heart, which may occur without warn- 
ing. The dose, which varies according to susceptibility 
and the presence or absence of organic disease, is from 
5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.). 

Symptoms of Poisoning". — Profound coma, slow, 
thready pulse, complete muscular relaxation, labored res- 
pirations and cold, clammy skin, and dilated pupils. 

Treatment consists in the use of heart-stimulants, heat 
to all parts of the body, mustard paste over the heart, 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 87 

and a mustard foot-bath. If not too late, emetics should 
be given or the stomach-pump used. Care must be 
taken not to exhaust the patient. 

When chloral is used continuously there is danger of 
the chloral-habit being formed. 

Chloralamid (Chloral Formamid; Chloralum For- 
mamidatum). — A nervous sedative and hypnotic. 

Dose, 5 to 60 grains (0.6-3.9 gm.). 

Chloral Butylicum (Butyl-chloral Hydrate). — Its 
action is similar to that of chloral hydrate, but feebler 
and less depressing to the heart. 

Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.). 

Chloral Camphor. — This is a syrupy liquid made 
by rubbing together equal parts of chloral and camphor. 
It is used externally as an anodyne. 

Chloralose. — Used as a hypnotic. 

Dose, 2 to 7 grains (0.13-0.5 gm.). 

Chlorin Water (Aqua Chlori). — Used internally and 
externally as an antiseptic. Dose, J to 2 drams (1.8— 
7.5 c.c). 

Solution of Chlorinated Soda (Liquor Sodae Chloratae ; 
Labarraque's Solution). — Used internally and externally 
as an antiseptic. Dose, 10 to 30 minims (0.60-1.8 ex.). 

Chlorinated Lime. See Calx. 

Chlorate of Potassium (Potassii Chloras).— Action 
and Uses. — Chlorate of potassium is used as a stimulant 
to inflamed mucous membranes. As a mouth-wash and 
gargle for sore throat chlorate of potassium is well known, 
but it should not be used without the sanction of a phy- 
sician, on account of its irritant and poisonous properties. 
When given in large doses or for any length of time it 
has an irritant action on the kidneys. 

Dose, 1 to 10 grains (0.13-0.65 gm.). 



88 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Troches (Trochisci Potassii Chloratis).^-Z><?.^, one 
slowly dissolved in the mouth, each troche containing 
5 grains. The action upon the kidneys should be care- 
fully watched. 

Symptoms of Poisoning. — Headache, vomiting, pro- 
fuse diarrhea, difficult breathing, cyanosis, and heart- 
failure. 

The treatment consists in the prompt use of mild 
vegetable acids, such as vinegar and water, or lemon- 
juice, oils, demulcent drinks, and heart-stimulants. The 
temperature of the body should be maintained by ex- 
ternal heat. 

Chloroform (Chloroformum). — Action and Uses. — 
Chloroform is used as an anesthetic, anodyne, antispas- 
modic, and carminative. When given by the mouth it 
produces a hot, pleasant taste and a feeling of warmth 
in the stomach. As an anesthetic it is easy to give, 
pleasant to take, and rapidly recovered from. It does 
not produce excitement or subsequent vomiting. It is 
used in obstetric practice to control the nervous condi- 
tion of the patient, to relieve pain, relax the soft tissues, 
and control eclampsia. Externally it is a rubefacient 
and local anesthetic. It enters the circulation through 
the lungs, stomach, and unbroken skin, and is eliminated 
by the lungs and kidneys. 

Dose. — Chloroform Water (Aqua Chloroformi), i to 8 
drams (3.7-30.0 c.c). 

Spirits of Chloroform (Spiritus Chloroformi), 5 to 30 
minims (0.3-1.8 c.c). 

Emulsio?i (Emulsum Chloroformi), 1 to 4 drams (3.7- 
15.0 c.c). 

Chloroform Liniment (Linimentum Chloroformi), used 
externally. 



MATERIA MEDICA. 89 

Chloroform Poultice, 2 parts of chloroform to 3 parts 
of hot sweet oil, poured over a hot flannel. 

Symptoms of Poisoning'. — Taken in large doses, it is 
a local irritant to the stomach and a powerful narcotic, 
causing stupor, convulsions, flushed face, foaming at the 
mouth, dilated pupils, cold, clammy skin, feeble pulse, 
and stertorous breathing. When taken in excess by in- 
halation, death may come suddenly and without warning 
from paralysis of the heart, or may be preceded by dilated 
pupils, pallor of the face, and feeble pulse. 

Treatment. — There is no chemical antidote. If swal- 
lowed, emetics should be given or the stomach-tube 
should be used. When untoward symptoms result from 
inhalation, the anesthetic must be withdrawn, the patient 
placed head downward and exposed to a current of air, 
the tongue drawn forward, and artificial respiration prac- 
tised. Heat should be applied to the body, a mustard 
plaster over the heart, and heart-stimulants like strych- 
nin, atropin, and digitalis administered hypodermically. 

Chlorum (Chlorin). — Action and Uses. — Chlorin is 
an antiseptic, disinfectant, and deodorant. Inhaled, it 
causes coughing, a sense of suffocation, spasm of the 
glottis, and inflammation of the air-passages. 

Chrysarobin (Chrysarobinum). — Action and Uses. 
— Chrysarobin is used internally and externally in cer- 
tain skin-diseases. 

Dose, \ to \ grain (0.008-0.016 gm.). 

Externally it is generally prescribed in the form of 
ointment. It is rarely used on the face, as it stains the 
skin dark brown. Care must be taken not to allow it to 
come in contact with clothing on account of its staining 
properties. It is excreted by the kidneys, and it imparts 
to the urine a yellow color. Gastro-intestinal symptoms, 



90 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

such as vomiting and purging, may follow its internal 
use. It is an active irritant poison. 

Cimicifhga (Black Snakeroot). — Action and Uses. 
— Cimicifuga is an antispasmodic, stomachic, and in small 
doses a feeble heart-stimulant. Large doses produce 
frontal headache, giddiness, vomiting, and prostration. 
It is chiefly used in chorea. 

Dose. — Extract (Extractum Cimicifugae), i to 5 grains 
(0.065-0.32 gm.). 

Fluid Extract (Extractum Cimicifugae Fluidum), 10 to 
30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). 

Tincture (Tinctura Cimicifugae), 1 to 2 drams (3.7- 
76 cc). 

Cinchona (Peruvian Bark). — Action and Uses. — 
Cinchona is a bitter tonic and an astringent. It contains 
four alkaloids, of which quinin is the most important. 
Large doses may cause headache, ringing in the ears, 
and deafness. 

Dose. — Extract of Cinchona (Extractum Cinchonae), 
5 to 10 grains (0.65-.32 gm.). 

Fluid Extract (Extractum Cinchonae Fluidum), 16 to 
30 minims (1. 0-1.8 c.c). 

Tincture of Cinchona (Tinctura Cinchonae), 1 to 2 drams 
(3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Compound Tincture (Tinctura Cinchonae Composita), I 
to 4 drams (3.7-15.0 c.c). 

Cinchonin (Cinchonina). — An alkaloid of cinchona. 
Dose, 5 to 15 grains (0.3-1.0 gm.). 

Cinchonin Sulphate (Cinchoninae Sulphas). — The 
sulphate of an alkaloid obtained from cinchona. 

Dose, 5 to 20 grains (0.3-1.3 gm.). 

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Cassia). — Action and Uses. 
— Cinnamon is a carminative, aromatic, and astringent. 



MATERIA ME DIC A. 9 1 

It is also used as a flavoring principle for bitter mixt- 
ures. 

Dose. — Cinnamon Water (Aqua Cinnamomi), 1 to 8 
drams (3.7-30.0 c.c). 

Oil of Cinnamon (Oleum Cinnamomi), I to 3 minims 
(0.06-0.18 c.c). 

Spirits of Cinnamon (Spiritus Cinnamomi), 10 to 60 
minims (0.6-3.7 c.c). 

Saigon Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Saigonicum), 1 to 10 
grains (0.065-0.6 gm.). 

Ceylon Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum), 1 to 10 
grains (0.065-0.6 gm.). 

Aromatic Fluid Extract (Extractum Aromaticum 
Fluidum), 10 to 60 minims (0.6-3.7 c.c). 

Aromatic Powder (Pulvis Aromaticus), 10 to 30 grains 
(0.6-1.9 gm.). 

Tincture of Cinnamon (Tinctura Cinnamomi), J to 1 
dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)« 

Coca (Erythroxylon). — Action and Uses. — Coca is a 
nerve- and brain-stimulant, tonic, and restorative. It pro- 
duces wakefulness and lessens the feeling of hunger, 
thirst, and fatigue. It is less of a stimulant, but more 
sustaining than caffein. It is a diuretic, and reduces 
the amount of urea excreted by lessening the tissue- 
waste. Large doses cause muscular weakness and 
drowsiness, followed by deep sleep. 

Dose, 30 to 60 grains (1.9-3.8 gm.). 

Fluid Extract (Extractum Cocae Fluidum), \ to 2 
drams (1.8-7.5 c - c -)- 

Cocain Hydrochlorate (Cocainae Hydrochloras). 
— The hydrochlorate of an alkaloid obtained from coca. 
Cocain is chiefly used as a local anesthetic. Internally 
it acts as a powerful heart and respiratory stimulant. It 



92 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

is also used to check excessive vomiting. Applied to 
the eye, it dilates the pupil. 

Dose, J to 2 grains (0.016-0. 1 3 gm.). 

The usual strengths used locally are a 2- and a 4-per- 
cent, solution. 

To make a 2-per-cent. solution, 10 grains (0.6 gm.) 
are added to 1 ounce of water (30.0 c.c). 

To make a 4-per-cent. solution, 20 grains (1.3 gm.) 
are added to 1 ounce of water (30.0 c.c). 

Cocain solution should be kept in a cool place, for at 
a temperature higher than 6o° F. it begins to lose its 
anesthetic properties. By using the cocain tablets a 
fresh solution is made at a moment's notice. These 
tablets are convenient, and, as they contain accurately 
weighed quantities of pure cocain, they almost compel 
accuracy in the preparation. 

Symptoms of Poisoning. — Persistent nausea, a sense 
of suffocation, dryness of the throat, delirium, cold, 
clammy skin, a small, rapid pulse, hurried respirations, 
and convulsions. 

The treatment consists in the use of heart-stimulants, 
opium, and nitrite of amyl. Tannic acid is an antidote. 

Cocain Phenate (Cocainae Phenas). — Dose, J to 2 
grains (0.0 16-0. 13 gm.). 

As a local anesthetic the phenate of cocain is con- 
sidered to be safer than the hydrochlorate. Its action is 
much slower, it coagulates the tissue albumin, and thus 
absorption is lessened. Used in from 4- to 10-per-cent. 
solutions. 

Tropacocain. — An artificial alkaloid of coca. 
It is used as a local anesthetic. 

Dose. — Hypodermically, 10 drops of a 3-per-cent. 
solution. 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 93 

Codein (Codeina). — Action and Uses. — Codeina is 
an alkaloid obtained from opium. Its action is similar to 
that of morphin, but less powerful, and it does not arrest 
the secretions as does morphin. It is used as a nervous 
sedative. 

Dose, J to 2 grains (0.03-0.13 gm.). 

The symptoms of poisoning are the same as those 
produced by morphin, and the treatment is the same. 

Colchicin. — The alkaloid of colchicum root may be 
used hypodermically. 

Dose, j-^-Q- to y^j- grain (0.0005-0.0006 gm.). 

The symptoms of poisoning" are nausea, severe 
griping, violent vomiting, purging, a rapid, feeble pulse, 
slow respirations, cold, clammy skin, prostration, con- 
vulsions, and collapse, the senses remaining clear to the 
last. 

Treatment. — Tannic acid is the antidote. Emetics 
should be given or the stomach-pump used. Warm de- 
mulcent drinks and heart-stimulants are indicated. 

Colchicum. — Action and Uses. — Colchicum is the 
root and seed of the Colchicum Autumnale, growing in 
Europe. It contains an alkaloid, colchicin. The chief 
use of colchicum is as an alterative in gout and rheuma- 
tism. Overdoses produce violent inflammation of the 
stomach and intestines. 

Dose. — Extract of Colchicum Root (Extractum Colchici 
Radicis), J to 2 grains (0.032-0.13 gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Colchicum Root (Extractum Colchici 
Radicis Fluidum), 2 to 4 minims (0.12-0.24 c.c). 

Wine of Colchicum Root (Vinum Colchici Radicis), 10 
to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). 

Colchicum Seed (Colchici Semen), 2 to 8 grains (0.13- 
0.52 gm.). 



94 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Fluid Extract of Colchicum Seed (Extractum Colchici 
Seminis Fluidum), 2 to 5 minims (0.12-0.3 c.c). 

Tincture of Colchicum .Sm/(Tinctura Colchici Seminis), 
\ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 

Wine of Colchicum Seed (Vinum Colchici Seminis), 16 
to 60 minims (1.0-3.7 c - c -)- 

Collodion (Collodium) — Action and Uses. — Collo- 
dion is gun-cotton dissolved in alcohol and ether. It is 
used to retain small antiseptic dressings and to secure an 
air-tight dressing for wounds. It is painted over the part 
with a camel's-hair brush or a cotton swab. The stopper 
must not be kept out of the collodion bottle for more 
than a moment, as the ether speedily evaporates, leaving 
the liquid thick and unfit for use. 

Flexible Collodion (Collodium Flexile). — This prepara- 
tion contains Canada turpentine and castor oil, which 
prevent hardening and contraction. 

Styptic Collodion (Collodium Stypticum). — This prepa- 
ration contains tannic acid, and is used when an astringent 
application is needed. 

Cantharidal Collodion. See Cantharides. 

Colocynth (Colocynthis). — Action and Uses. — Colo- 
cynth, the dried fruit of Citrullus Colocynthis, is a rapid 
and drastic cathartic. It is rarely used alone, but in 
combination with other cathartics. 

Dose. — Extract of Colocynth (Extractum Colocynthi- 
dis), 2 to 5 grains (0.13-0.32 gm.). 

Compound Extract (Extractum Colocynthidis Com- 
positum), 5 to 20 grains (0.32-1.29 gm.). — Used as a 
purge. 

In large doses colocynth is a violent irritant, producing 
fatal gastro-enteritis. 

Conin Hydrobromate (Coninae Hydrobromas). — 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 95 

The crystalline hydrobromate of the liquid alkaloid of 
conium. 

Dose, y^-q- to -^g- grain (0.0006-0.003 gm.). 

Large doses cause giddiness, staggering, muscular 
weakness, dilated pupils, disordered vision, dropping of , 
the eyelids, frontal headache, sometimes nausea and 
vomiting, paralysis, and collapse. 

Treatment. — The stomach should be emptied by the 
stomach-pump or emetics ; heart-stimulants, external 
heat, and artificial respiration are indicated. 

Conium (Hemlock). — Action and Uses. — Conium, 
the leaves and fruit of Conium Maculatum, is an anti- 
spasmodic and calmative. 

Dose. — Extract of Conium (Extractum Conii), J to 1 
grain (0.032-O.065 gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Conium (Extractum Conii Fluidum), 
2 to 6 minims (0.12-0.36 c.c). 

Convallaria (Lily of the Valley). — Action and Uses. 
— The action of convallaria is similar to that of digitalis. 
It slows and strengthens the heart, and is a diuretic. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract (Extractum Convallariae Flu- 
idum), 4 to 8 minims (0.24-0.5 c.c). 

Convallarin (Convallarinum). — Dose, \ to 1 grain 
(0.03-0.065 gm.). 

Copaiba (Balsamum Copaibse). — Action and Uses. 
— Copaiba is a stimulant, expectorant, and diuretic. 

Dose. — Oil of Copaiba (Oleum Copaibae), 5 to 16 
minims (0.3-1.0 c.c), given in capsule or emulsion. 

Resin of Copaiba (Resina Copaibae), 10 to 20 grains 
(0.6-1.2 gm.). 

Copper (Cuprum). — Action and Uses. — Copper is 
not used medicinally in the form of the metal itself, but 
as one of its salts. Used locally, the salts in a weak 



g6 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

solution have a mild astringent and stimulant action ; in 
strong solution they are irritants ; and in powder form 
they have a caustic action. Internally, in small doses 
they exert an astringent action ; in large doses they are 
emetics ; in overdoses they are irritant poisons. 

Preparations. — Sulphate of Copper (Cupri Sulphas ; 
Blue Stone; Blue Vitriol). — Action and Uses. — Inter- 
nally, in small doses, sulphate of copper is used as an 
astringent; in large doses it is a prompt emetic, causing 
little depression and nausea. Copper sulphate is also an 
antidote to phosphorus. Externally, applied to mucous 
membranes or ulcers, it acts as an astringent, stimulant, 
and mild caustic. 

Symptoms of Poisoning. — Burning pain in the stomach, 
metallic taste in the mouth, vomiting of bluish or green- 
ish liquids, purging, extreme thirst, irregular and rapid 
pulse, difficult breathing, convulsions, and death. 

Treatment. — In the absence of the chemical antidote, 
which is potassium ferrocyanid, milk or white of eggs 
should be given, followed by emetics or the stomach- 
pump if necessary. 

Dose, as an astringent, \ grain (0.016 gm.); as an 
emetic, 3 to 5 grains (0.19-0.3 gm.); for a child, 1 to 
3 grains (0.065-0.19 gm.). 

Nitrate of Copper (Cupri Nitras). — This salt is used for 
the same purposes as the sulphate of copper, and in the 
same dose. 

Arsenite of Copper (Cupri Arsenis). — Arsenite of copper 
is used as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose, -^-§ to yj-g- grain 
(0.00032-0.00065 gm.). 

Creolin (Creolinum). — Action and Uses. — Creolin 
is nearly related to carbolic acid, and is used as an anti- 
septic and disinfectant It is usually employed in the 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 97 

strength of a 2-per-cent. solution, which is made by- 
adding 2} teaspoonfuls of creolin to I pint of water. 
Creolin cannot be used for instruments because of its 
yellow color, which prevents their being seen at the 
bottom of the tray. 

Creosote (Creosotum). — Action and Uses. — Creo- 
sote, an oily substance obtained from the destructive 
distillation of beechwood, is an antiseptic, styptic, local 
sedative, gastric sedative, and expectorant. It closely 
resembles carbolic acid in its effects and uses. It is used 
as a remedy in toothache, one or two drops being applied 
on a pledget of cotton-wool and placed in the cavity of 
the tooth. 

Creosote gives to the urine a blackish color. The 
symptoms of poisoning and the treatment are the same 
as those of carbolic acid. 

Dose, 1 to 10 minims (0.06-0.6 c.c). 

Creosote Water (Aqua Creosoti, a i-per-cent. solution 
of creosote), 1 to 4 drams (3.7-15 c.c). 

Creosote Mixture (Mistura Creosoti), I to 3 drams 
(3.7-1 1.1 c.c). 

Inhalation of Creosote (Vapor Creosoti), 12 minims of 
creosote added to 8 ounces of boiling water. 

Creosote Ointment (Unguentum Creosoti), for local use. 

Creosotal (Carbonate of Creosote). — Dose, 5 to 16 
minims (0.3-1.0 c.c). Used as a substitute for creosote 
because it is odorless. 

Ctlbeb (Cubeba). — Action and Uses. — Cubeb, the 
unripe fruit of Piper Cubeba, is a stomachic, expectorant, 
carminative diuretic. 

Dose. — Powder, J to 2 drams (1.9-7.8 gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Cubeb (Extractum Cubebae Fltiidum), 
10 to 60 minims (0.6-3.7 c,c -)- 

7 



98 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Oil of Cubed (Oleum Cubebae), 5 to 16 minims (0.3- 
1.0 c.c). 

Oleoresin of Cubeb (Oleoresina Cubebae), 5 to 20 minims 
(0.3-1.2 c.c). 

Tincture of Cubeb (Tinctura Cubebae), J to 4 drams 
(1.8- 1 5.0 c.c). 

Troches of Cubeb (Trochisci Cubebae), 1 to 6 daily. 
Each dose contains \ grain of the oleoresin of cubeb. 

Daturin. See Stramonium. 

Deadly Nightshade. See Belladonna. 

Dermatol. See Bismuth Subgallate. 

Dialysed Iron (Ferrum Dialysatum). See Iron. 

Digitalis (Foxglove). — Action and Uses. — Digitalis 
is the leaves of the Digitalis Purpurea. It contains a 
number of glucosids, the most important of which are 
digitalin, digitoxin, digitalein, digitin, and digitonin. The 
most active of these are digitalin and digitoxin, but 
neither represents the complete action of the crude drug. 
The physiological action of digitalis is chiefly on the 
circulatory system. Under its influence the pulse be- 
comes strong and slow. The increased force of the 
pulse is due to the direct action of the drug upon the 
heart, and the slowing of the pulse to stimulation of the 
inhibitory nerves of the heart. 

Hence it will be seen that moderate doses of digitalis 
increase the length of the diastole and the strength and 
force of the systole, thus causing the ventricles to com- 
pletely fill themselves in the one, and by increasing the 
force of their contractions to completely empty them- 
selves in the other act, the result being a slowing and 
strengthening of the heart and improvement of its nu- 
trition. 



MATERIA MEDICA. 99 

Digitalis also acts as a diuretic, not by any effect 
exerted upon the kidney structure itself, but by increas- 
ing the blood-pressure in the organ. The chief indica- 
tions for using digitalis are cardiac weakness, continued 
palpitation, and dropsy. 

A patient who is taking the drug continuously in large 
doses should be kept in bed and not be allowed to sit 
up suddenly or make any sudden movement, as fatal 
syncope may occur. 

Symptoms of Poisoning'. — The pulse at the wrist is 
rapid, feeble, and irregular, while the heart-beats are most 
powerful. The pupils are dilated, the eyes prominent, 
and the whites of the eyes of a peculiar bluish luster. 
Severe headache and obstinate vomiting are frequent 
symptoms. The mind is usually clear until near the 
end. 

Treatment. — The chemical antidote is tannic acid. 
The stomach should be emptied by emetics or the 
stomach-pump, the latter being preferable when the 
circulation is much disturbed. The horizontal position 
should be rigidly maintained. The temperature of the 
body should be kept up by external heat. 

Dose of digitalis leaves, J to 2 grains (0.032-0.13 gm.). 

Extract of Digitalis (Extract um Digitalis), \ to \ 
grain (0.0 1 0-0.0 16 gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Digitalis (Extractum Digitalis Flu- 
idum), 1 to 2 minims (0.06-0.12 c.c). 

Infusion of Digitalis (Infusum Digitalis), 1 to 4 drams 
(3.7-15.0 c.c). 

Tincture of Digitalis (Tinctura Digitalis), 10 to 20 
minims (0.6-1.2 c.c). 

As a diuretic digitalis is also used externally in the 
form of stupes (flannels wet with the tincture) and poul- 



100 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

tices applied to the abdomen. The poultices may be 
made from the dried leaves or any of the fluid prepa- 
rations. 

Digitalin. — This is one of the five glucosids of 
digitalis, and is used for the same purposes as the 
crude drug. Dose, jfa to -^ grain (0.00065-0.001 
gm.). When given hypodermically it is more irri- 
tating than the tincture or the fluid extract. 

Digitoxin is said to be more prompt and efficient 
than digitalin, and without the irritating properties.. 
Dose, 2^-q to 3-^-5- grain (0.0003-0.0006 gm.). 
Disinfectin. — A substance derived from the products 
of naphtha distillation. Action and Uses. — A disin- 
fectant used largely in disposing of dejecta of patients. 
It is used in a solution of 1 part to 4 parts of hot water. 
Disinfectol. — A substance similar chemically to creo- 
lin and lysol, having a basis of carbolic acid. It is said 
to be a powerful antiseptic and disinfectant. It may be 
used locally in the form of emulsion of from 2 to 5 per 
cent. 

Diuretin (Salicylate of Theobromin and Sodium). — 
Action and Uses. — Diuretin is used as a pure diuretic 
in dropsy the result of heart-, liver-, and kidney-disease. 
Theobromin is an alkaloid obtained from the cacao- 
plant, and the sodium salt is added to make the alka- 
loid soluble. 

Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 
Donovan's Solution. See Arsenic. 
Dover's Powder. See Opium. 
Duboisin Sulphate (the Alkaloid of Duboisia).— 
Used in ophthalmic practice as a substitute for atropin. 
It is more prompt in its mydriatic action than atropin, 
but its effects are not so lasting. It is sometimes used 



MATERIA ME DIC A. to I 

internally as a nerve-sedative and hypnotic. Large 
doses cause dryness of the throat, rapid pulse, and 
hurried breathing. 

Dose, y^ to -^ grain (0.00065-0.001 gm.). 

Egg Albumen (Ovi Albumen).— The liquid white 
of the egg. Action and Uses. — Egg albumen is nutri- 
tive and demulcent. It is an antidote in poisoning from 
irritants and corrosives. 

The solution of albumen is made by adding 4 ounces 
of water to the white of one egg. 

Yelk of Egg (Ovi Vitellus).— The yelk of egg 
is very nutritive, and may be given in the form of 
egg-flip or egg-nog. Egg-flip is made by beating 
up thoroughly the yelk of one egg with 2 ounces 
of brandy, 2 ounces of cinnamon water, and J ounce 
of fine sugar. Egg-flip is also called brandy 
mixture. 
Elaterin. — A neutral principle obtained from elate- 
rium. It has the same action as elaterium. 
Dose, ^to^ grain (0.0021-0.0043 gm.). 
Trituration of Elaterin (Trituratio Elaterini), \ to % 
grain (0.021-0.04 gm.). 

Elaterium (Squirting Cucumber). — Action and 
Uses. — Elaterium is a powerful hydragogue cathartic, 
producing profuse watery movements with but little 
pain and irritation. Large doses cause inflammation of 
the stomach and bowels and great prostration. 

Dose, \ grain (0.01 gm.). Elaterium is sometimes 
given hypodermically, but it is very irritating to the 
tissues, and has caused fatal tetanus. 
Elder. See Sambucus. 
Emetin (an Alkaloid of Ipecac). See Ipecac. 



102 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Ephedrin Hydrochlorate. — Action and Uses.— 
Ephedrin hydrochlorate is a mydriatic, and is sometimes 
used as a substitute for atropin. The solutions employed 
vary in strength from I to io per cent. 

Ergot (Ergota; Ergot of Rye). — Action and Uses. 
— Ergot is a purplish-black fungus growing on the grain 
of common rye. It is used as an oxytocic to promote 
uterine contraction and as a hemostatic. It is some- 
times used to hasten delivery when the power of the 
uterine contractions is not sufficient to expel the fetus ; 
but the best obstetricians condemn the practice, the dan- 
ger in this procedure being the production of " hour- 
glass contraction" and consequent retention of the fetus. 

As a hemostatic it may be used in all hemorrhages 
where surgical means cannot be employed. When used 
to prevent post-partum hemorrhage, it should not be 
given hypodermically until after the placenta is delivered, 
unless otherwise ordered, because it acts chiefly on the 
circular fibers of the uterus, and after its administration 
the uterus is apt to close and prevent the escape of the 
placenta. The hypodermic use of ergot is sometimes 
followed by subcutaneous abscesses, and for this reason 
many obstetricians prefer to give a full dose by the 
mouth during the second stage, when the head of the 
child is beginning to emerge at the vulva. Its action by 
the mouth is slow, requiring from fifteen to twenty 
minutes, consequently it is of no value if its administra- 
tion is delayed until after the occurrence of hemorrhage, 
unless it is given hypodermically. 

Ergot lessens the secretion of sweat, milk, and urine. 

Large doses produce headache, nausea, vomiting, thirst, 
purging, difficult urination, giddiness, dilated pupils, 
gastric irritation, and great restlessness. 



MATERIA ME DIC A. 103 

Symptoms of acute poisoning are gastric irritation, 
great thirst, burning pains in the feet, diarrhea, a small, 
slow pulse, dilated pupils, coldness of the surface of the 
body, convulsions, and death. 

Treatment. — Tannin, heart-stimulants, external heat, 
and demulcent drinks. 

Dose. — Extract of Ergot (Extractum Ergotse), 1 to 20 
grains (0.065-1.2 gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Ergot (Extractum Ergotse Fluidum), 
J to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c.c). 

Wine of Ergot (Vinum Ergotse), 1 to 4 drams (3.7- 
15.0 c.c). 

Liquid Extract of Ergot (Extractum Ergotse Liqu- 
idum), 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). 

Tincture of Ergot (Tinctura Ergotse), J to 1 dram (1.8- 

3.7 c.c). 

Bonjean's Ergotin, 2 to 5 grains (0.13-0.32 gm.). 

Ergot is given hypodermically when prompt action is 
required. As it is very irritating to the tissues, it should 
first be strained and then injected deep into the muscle 
of the thigh. The risk of subsequent suppuration is then 
decidedly diminished. 

Erigeron (Fleabane). — Action and Uses.— Oil of 
erigeron is a hemostatic and diuretic Its action is 
similar to that of oil of turpentine. 

Dose. — Oleum Erigerontis, 15 to 30 minims (0.32- 

1.8 c.c). 

Eriodictyon (Verba Santa). — Action and Uses. — 
Eriodictyon is a stimulant expectorant. It is also used 
to disguise the taste of quinin. 

Dose.— Fluid Extract of Eriodictyon (Extractum Erio- 
dictyi Fluidum), 10 to 60 minims (0.6-3.7 c.c). 

Erythroxylon. See Coca. 



104 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Eserin. — Eserin is an alkaloid of physostigma or 
Calabar bean, the action of which it closely resembles. 
It depresses the spinal cord, contracts the pupil, and 
stimulates peristalsis. 

Dose, T §-g- to yfo grain (0.00043-0.00064 gm.). The 
sulphate and salicylate of eserin are the salts usually 
employed. The strength of the solution used in eye- 
diseases is from 1 to 2 grains to the ounce of distilled 
water. One-half grain to 2 drams of water makes one- 
half of a i-per-cent. solution. 

Ether (^Ether ; ^Ether Fortior). — Action and Uses. 
— Internally, ether is a heart-stimulant, antispasmodic, 
anthelmintic, diaphoretic, anodyne, and anesthetic. Ex- 
ternally, it is a local anesthetic, refrigerant, and rube- 
facient. When heart-stimulants are called for during a 
long and severe operation, ether is not given, because 
prolonged etherization depresses the system, and more 
ether would increase the prostration. Ether is used in 
skin-disinfection to remove all oily substances. It is an 
irritant to the air-passages, and when first inhaled pro- 
duces a burning sensation in the throat and a sense of 
strangulation. 

A mixture of 1 dram of chloroform and 3 drams of 
ether, known as the C. E. or E. C. Mixture, is some- 
times used instead of chloroform. It prevents to a great 
extent the stage of excitement so common in ether 
anesthesia. 

The essentials in the administration of ether are 
as follows : The stomach, bladder, and bowels should be 
empty. When given on a full stomach, the patient may 
vomit, and particles of food may lodge in the larynx or 
trachea and cause suffocation. If the bladder and bowels 
are not emptied, they may act involuntarily. False teeth 



MATERIA MEDICA. 105 

should always be removed, as there is danger of their 
being swallowed. A stimulating enema of whiskey, I 
ounce to 2 ounces of warm water, is often given two 
hours before etherization ; y^ grain of atropin is some- 
times given one hour before etherization, to lessen the 
irritability of the stomach caused by the ether and to 
diminish the secretions of the mouth and throat. 

Many surgeons prefer to give subcutaneously, just 
before the patient is etherized, morphia \ grain, or codeia 
J grain, to diminish shock by supporting the nervous 
system during the operation. 

No food should be given after midnight unless the 
operation is to be performed late on the following day, 
in which case the patient is usually allowed, six hours 
before the operation, some coffee, beef-tea, or gruel. Milk 
should not be given, as it is not easily digested and the 
curd may stay in the stomach, and, if vomited while the 
patient is under ether, may obstruct the larynx or 
trachea ; or if the operation is abdominal the curd may 
pass along the intestines and act as an irritant. 

Ether should be given slowly, the patient being in- 
structed how to inhale it and allowed plenty of time in 
which to take it. When inhaled it first reddens the face, 
stimulates the heart, and exhilarates the patient; later 
the muscles become rigid and the breathing stertorous ; 
finally this stage passes away, and the muscles relax and 
the patient passes into a state of insensibility. 

The lower jaw should be kept forward by placing the 
thumbs behind the angles of the jaw and making gentle 
pressure. This prevents the tongue from slipping back 
and obstructing the larynx, and allows free access of air 
to the lungs. Holding the tongue forward by means of 
passing a suture through the tongue should not be done ; 



106 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDICA FOR NURSES. 

neither should too much pressure be put on the tongue- 
forceps, as it causes the tongue to become sore and 
swollen. The pulse and respirations must be watched 
carefully. The surgeon should be notified if the pulse 
becomes rapid, feeble, irregular, or intermittent ; if the 
respirations become low, shallow, gasping, or sighing; 
if the face becomes blue or pale, or the pupils widely- 
dilated. Ordinarily the pupils remain contracted all 
through etherization, and only dilate when the patient 
is coming out of ether. A very long anesthesia may 
lead to secondary prostration and collapse, and to sec- 
ondary shock from that cause alone ; in other words, the 
prostration of the anesthetic is added to the effects of the 
operation. Death from ether is usually by failure of 
the respiration, the heart beating long after the respira- 
tions have ceased. 

It should be remembered that ether is very inflammable, 
and if there is a light in the room, it should be above the 
patient, as the vapor of ether is heavier than air. Should 
the vapor take fire, the patient's face should be covered 
with a wet towel. 

Nausea and vomiting following the administration of 
ether usually cease at the end of eighteen hours. Should 
they persist, they may be due to shock or to some cause 
other than ether. They may be relieved sometimes by 
the inhalation of hot vinegar fumes (a cloth wet with hot 
vinegar being placed over the mouth and nose) or by 
administration of teaspoonful doses of very hot water 
(either plain or containing 4 grains of bicarbonate of 
sodium to the ounce), crushed ice, champagne and ice, 
small doses of brandy and ice, black coffee, aromatic 
spirits of ammonia, or tea. Cocain, J grain every two 
hours for five doses, has been successful in severe cases ; 



MATERIA MEDICA. 107 

also a mustard leaf applied over the stomach, and the 
washing out of the stomach. As a last resort, when all 
other treatment fails and there is danger of the severe 
retching exhausting the patient, \ grain of morphin may 
be injected over the epigastrium. 

Preparations. — Ether (yEther Fortior). — Dose, 5 to 30 
minims (0.3-1.8 c.c), given in capsule, ice-water, or 
syrup. 

Acetic Ether (^Ether Aceticus), 5 to 30 minims (0.3- 
1.8 c.c). 

Spirit of Ether (Spiritus Athens). — A diffusible stimu- 
lant. Dose, 1 to 3 drams (3.7-1 1.0 c.c). 

Compound Spirit of Ether (Spiritus Athens Com- 
positus ; Hoffmann's Anodyne). — An anodyne, stimulant, 
carminative, and antispasmodic. Dose, \ to 1 dram (1.8- 
3.7 c.c). It is sometimes given in combination with 
laudanum or the camphorated tincture of opium (pare- 
goric). 

Spirit of Nitrous Ether (Spiritus ^Etheris Nitrosi; 
Sweet Spirit of Nitre). — A mild diaphoretic, diuretic, 
carminative, and nerve-sedative. Dose, J to I dram 
(1.8-3.7 c.c). 

Hydrobromic Ether (Ethyl Bromid). — Ethyl bromid is 
used as an anesthetic for small operations. It is rapid 
in its action, and seldom produces disagreeable effects. 
It leaves a disagreeable odor of garlic on the breath, 
which may last several days, while, on the other hand, 
the patient may recover rapidly, and be able in a little 
while to resume work. Dose, administered by inhalation, 
1 to 6 drams (3.7-22.5 c.c). It is used also as a local 
anesthetic in the form of a spray. 

Hydriodic Ether (Ethyl Iodid). — Ethyl iodid is used 
by inhalation as an antispasmodic in asthma. It may be 



108 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 
obtained in pearls containing from 5 to 20 drops (0.3- 

1.2 C.C.). 

Ethyl Chlorid. — Ethyl chlorid is used as a local anes- 
thetic in the form of a spray. It comes in glass tubes. 
The cap is removed from the tip of the tube ; the bulb 
is held in the palm of the hand, the warmth of which 
causes the liquid to escape in a vaporized stream. The 
tube is held a little distance from the part to be operated 
upon, which whitens and is ready for operation in about 
fifteen seconds. 

Ethyl Urethane. — A carbonate or ethylic ether. Ure- 
thane is used as a sedative and hypnotic. Dose, 10 to 
30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.), given in capsule or wafer. 
Hypodermically, it is given in doses of 3 to 5 grains 
(0.19-0.3 gm.). 

Eucalyptus. — Action and Uses. — Eucalyptus, the 
leaves of the Blue Gum tree, is an astringent and anti- 
periodic. It contains a volatile oil, the oil of eucalyptus, 
which is used internally as a stimulant expectorant, dia- 
phoretic, and tonic, and stimulates all the secretions of 
the alimentary canal. Externally it acts as a stimulant to 
the skin and as an antiseptic. It is a decided local irritant. 

Large doses of the oil cause a burning in the mouth 
and throat, a feeling of warmth in the stomach, diarrhea, 
lowered temperature, feeble pulse and respiration, intense 
headache, loss of sensation in the lower limbs, muscular 
weakness, and paralysis. 

It is eliminated by the lungs, skin, and kidneys, and 
imparts to the urine the odor of violets. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Eucalyptus (Extractum Eu- 
calypti Fluidum), 10 to 60 minims (0.6-3.7 c.c). 

Oil of Eucalyptus (Oleum Eucalypti), 5 to 16 minims 
(0.3-1.0 c.c), in capsule. 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 109 

Eucalyptol, a product obtained from the oil of euca- 
lyptus, is used internally as a stimulant expectorant, and 
externally as an antiseptic. Dose, 5 to 10 minims (0.3- 
0.6 c.c.), in capsule. 

EuonymtlS (Wahoo). — Action and Uses. — Euony- 
mus is a mild, slowly-acting laxative. It is said to act 
particularly on the liver. 

Dose, 3 to 20 grains (o. 1 9-1. 30 gm.). 

Euonymin, the active principle of euonymus, is given 
in combination with other cathartics as an hepatic stimu- 
lant Dose, } to 3 grains (0.03-0.19 gm.). 

Extract of Euonymus (Extractum Euonymi). — Dose, 3 
to 10 grains (0.19-0.65 gm.). 

15upatorium(Thoroughwort ; Boneset). — Action and 
Uses. — In small doses eupatorium is a bitter tonic ; in 
large doses it is a diaphoretic, emetic, and cathartic. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Eupatorium (Extractum Eu- 
patorii Fluidum), J to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 

Decoction of Eupatorium, made by boiling 1 ounce with 
J to 1 pint of water, is used as an emetic and cathartic. 
Dose, 2 to 8 ounces (60-240 c.c). 

Infusion of Eupatorium, or Bo?ieset Tea, is made by 
steeping 1 ounce of thoroughwort in 1 pint of boiling 
water for two hours in a covered vessel and then strain- 
ing. Dose of the cold infusion, I to 2 ounces (30-60 c.c). 
When diaphoretic action is required, the infusion should 
be given hot in doses of from 5 to 6 ounces. The patient 
should be kept in bed, warmly covered. 

Europhen. — A coal-tar product containing about 20 
per cent, of iodin. It is used as a substitute for iodoform, 
over which it has some advantages. It is employed as 
a dusting-powder or ointment in the strength of from 5 
to jo per cent 



110 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Dose, J to 2 grains (0.032-0.13 gm.). 

Europhin (Europhinum ; Phenyl-urethane). — A new 
antipyretic, anodyne, and antiseptic. 

Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 

It is used locally in the form of powder or ointment. 
As an antipyretic its action is mild. It is usually given 
when the fever is at its height. There are no severe 
after-effects. 

Exalgin (Methyl-acetanilid). — Action and Uses. — 
Exalgin is an analgesic, antiseptic, and antipyretic. It 
closely resembles acetanilid in its action. 

Dose, J to 5 grains (0.032-0.32 gm.), administered 
in capsules, cachets, alcoholic solution, or dry on the 
tongue. 

Large doses cause headache, dizziness, trembling, 
cyanosis, and profuse sweating. 

Fel Bovis (Fel Tauri ; Ox-gall).— Action and Uses. 
—Ox-gall is a purgative, and is chiefly used in the form 
of enemata. 

Dose. — Purified Ox-gall (Fel Bovis Purificatum), 5 to 
10 grains (0.13-0.6 gm.), given about two hours after 
meals. 

Inspissated Ox-gall. — Much used in surgical and gyne- 
cological practice. It is an admirable purgative enema. 
Half an ounce is dissolved in 3 pints of warm water. A 
tablespoon is used to remove the ox-gall from the jar, 
and allowed to remain in the water until the gall is 
thoroughly dissolved. 

Feniculum (Fennel). — Action and Uses. — Fennel 
is an agreeable aromatic and carminative. 

Dose. — Oil of Fennel (Oleum Fceniculi), 1 to 5 minims 
(0.06-0.3 c.c.). 



MATERIA ME DIC A. Ill 

An infusion, made by adding 3 drams of the seeds to 
I pint of boiling water, is often used as an enema to 
expel flatus in infants. 

Aqua Fcetziculi, 1 to 8 drams (3.7-30.0 c.c). 

Ferrum (Iron). — Action and Uses. — Internally, iron 
is a general tonic, hemostatic, and astringent. It is one 
of the normal constituents of the body, especially of the 
blood, and may be considered a food as well as a medi- 
cine. In small doses iron promotes the appetite and 
digestion and increases the quantity and quality of the 
blood. But a small amount of iron is absorbed, the 
remainder being eliminated by the feces, bile, and urine. 
It imparts to the feces a black color, through its con- 
version while in the bowel into tannates and sulphids., 
Most all preparations of iron have a more or less astrin- 
gent action and are injurious to the teeth, and for this, 
reason they should be taken, well diluted, through a. 
glass tube, and the mouth carefully rinsed afterward.. 
Iron stains nearly everything with which it comes in 
contact. Ammonia water (pure) will remove the stains 
from silver, and oxalic acid from cotton and linen 
goods. 

Iron sometimes causes frontal headache, irritation of 
the stomach, and constipation. Externally, iron is used 
as an astringent and a styptic. 

Preparations of Iron. — Ferri Arsenas (Arsenate of 
Iron). — Dose, ■£$ to ^ grain (0.003-0.006 gm.). 

Ferri Carbonas Saccharatus (Saccharated Carbonate 
of Iron). — Used as a tonic. Dose, 3 to 10 grains (0.19- 
0.65 gm.). 

Ferri Chloridum (Ferric Chlorid ; Perchlorid of Iron). 
— Rarely used internally, but externally as a hemostatic 
Dose, 1 to 3 grains (0.065-0.19 gm.). 



112 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Ferri Citras (Ferric Citrate; Citrate of Iron). — A 
mild stimulant tonic. Dose, 2 to 5 grains (0.13-0.32 
gm.). 

Ferri et Ammonii Citras (Iron and Ammonium Citrate). 
— Dose, 2 to 5 grains (0.13-O.32 gm.). 

Ferri et Potassii Tartras (Iron and Potassium Tartrate). 
— Used as a tonic. It is but slightly astringent, and is 
well borne by the stomach. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32- 
0.65 gm.), given before or after meals. 

Ferri et Quinince Citras (Iron and Quinin Citrate). — 
Used as a tonic. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 

Ferri et Strychnine? Citras (Iron and Strychnin Citrate). 
— A tonic and stimulant. Dose, 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 
gm.) ; 5 grains contain -fa grain of strychnin ; 1 grain 
contains jfa grain of strychnin. 

Ferri Hypophosphis (Ferric Hypophosphite; Hypo- 
phosphite of Iron). — Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 

Ferri Lactas (Ferrous Lactate ; Lactate of Iron). — 
Dose, 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 gm.). It has the same 
uses as the other preparations of iron. Chalybeate 
bread contains 1 grain of the lactate of iron to I J 
ounces. 

Ferri Salicylas (Ferric Salicylate ; Salicylate of Iron). 
— Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 

Tinctnra Ferri Chloridi (Tincture of Chlorid of Iron ; 
Tincture of Perchlorid of Iron). — This is the most com- 
monly prescribed liquid preparation of iron. It is used 
as a tonic, astringent, and diuretic. Dose, 10 to 30 
minims (0.6-1.8 ex.). It should be taken through a 
glass tube to prevent injury to the teeth. 

Liquor Ferri Chloridi (Solution of Ferric Chlorid). — 
Dose, 5 to 10 minims (0.3-0.6 c.c). 

Syrupus Ferri Iodidi (Syrup of lodid of Iron). — Dose, 



MATERIA MEDICA. II3 

5 to 30 minims (0.3-1.9 c.c.), well diluted, and taken 
through a glass tube. 

Ferri Sulphas (Ferrous Sulphate; Sulphate of Iron). 
— Dose, 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 gm.). 

Ferri Sulphas Granulatus (Granulated Ferrous Sul- 
phate; Granulated Sulphate of Iron). — Dose, I to 5 
grains (0.065-0.32 gm.). 

Ferri Valerianas (Valerianate of Iron). — Dose, 1 to 3 
grains (0.065-0.1.9 gm.). 

Ferritin Reductum (Reduced Iron ; Powder of Iron). — 
Used as a tonic, it has but slight astringent action. 
Dose, J to 5 grains (0.032-0.32 gm.), given in the form 
of pill, tablet, or lozenge. 

Ferri Bromidum (Ferrous Bromid ; Bromid of Iron). 
— This salt is supposed to produce the tonic effects of 
iron with the sedative action of the bromids. Dose, 5 to 
20 grains (0.32-1.3 gm.). 

Syrupus Ferri Bromidi (Syrup of Bromid of Iron). — 
Dose, J to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c.c). 

Ferri Oxidurn Hydratum (Ferric Hydrate ; Hydrated 
Oxid of Iron). — An antidote in arsenic poisoning. 
Dose, 4 drams (15.0 c.c.) every ten minutes until re- 
lieved. 

Ferri Oxidum Hydratum cum Magnesia (Ferric Hy- 
drate with Magnesia). — An antidote to arsenic. 2 to 4 
ounces (62.0-122.0 c.c.) of the mixture should be taken 
until relieved. 

Ferri et Ammonii Sulphas (Iron and Ammonium Sul- 
phate). — Dose, 2 to 5 grains (0.13-0.32 gm.). 

Ferri Phosphas (Phosphate of Iron). — Used as a tonic. 
Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 

Ferri Pyrophosphas (Pyrophosphate of Iron). — This 
salt is free from disagreeable taste, and does not irritate 



114 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

the stomach or cause constipation. Dose, 2 to 5 grains 
(0.13-0.32 gm.), or pills in solution. 

Ferri Subsulphas (Monsel's Salt). — Dose, 2 to 3 grains 
(0.13-0. 19 gm.). 

Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis (Solution of Sulphate of 
Iron ; Monsel's Solution). — Used externally as an astrin- 
gent and styptic. Sometimes given internally. Dose, 5 
to 10 minims (0.3-O.6 c.c), well diluted. 

Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis (Basham's Mixture ; 
Solution of Acetate of Iron and Ammonia). — Used as 
a tonic, diaphoretic, and diuretic. Dose, 2 to 8 drams 
(7.5-30.0 c.c). 

Syrupus Ferri, Quinines et Strychnines Phosphatum 
(Syrup of the Phosphates of Iron, Quinin, and Strych- 
nin). — A powerful tonic. Dose, 1 to 2 drams (3.7- 
7.5 c.c). 

Syrupus Ferri Iodidi (Syrup of Iodid of Iron). — Dose, 
for an adult, 5 to 30 minims (0.3-1.9 c.c.) ; for a child, 2 
to 5 minims, well diluted. It should be taken through 
a glass tube to protect the teeth. 

Pilules Ferri Composites (Compound Pills of Iron). — 
Dose, 1 to 2 pills. 

Pilules Ferri Carbonatis (Blaud's Pills). — They contain 
equal parts of the sulphate of iron and carbonate of po- 
tassium. They are slightly astringent. Dose, 1 to 2 
pills. 

Mistura Ferri Composita (Compound Iron Mixture; 
Griffith's Mixture). — Used as a tonic. Dose, 1 to 4 
drams (3.7-15.0 c.c). 

Trochisci Ferri (Troches of Iron). — Dose, one troche. 

Vinum Ferri Amarum (Bitter Wine of Iron). — It is 
used as a mild tonic, and may be given with cod-liver 
oil, Dose, 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 



\ 



MATERIA MEDICA. 115 

Vinum Ferri Citratis (Wine of Citrate of Iron). — 
Used for the same purposes as the bitter wine of iron. 
Dose, 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Ficus (Figs). — Action and Uses. — Figs are used as 
a laxative and demulcent. When eaten too freely they 
are apt to cause painful diarrhea and flatulence. They 
are sometimes applied locally as a poultice to inflamed 
gums by splitting them and applying them roasted. 

Flaxseed. See Linum. 

Fleabatie. See Erigeron. 

Formalin (Formol; Formic Aldehyd; Formalde- 
hyd). — A non-poisonous colorless liquid with a pungent, 
irritating odor. The commercial preparation contains 40 
per cent, of formaldehyd gas. 

Action and Uses. — Formalin is an antiseptic and 
deodorant of great power. Its activity as a germicide is 
considered to be equal to, if not superior to, that of bi- 
chlorid of mercury, and it is available in many cases 
where the latter cannot be used. It does not corrode or 
tarnish metals, nor injure the finest fabrics either in 
texture or in color. As a deodorant it removes imme- 
diately the odor of feces, urine, and septic or gangrenous 
material. It is used externally in the form of solution, 
spray, vapor, and in combination with gelatin as a dusting- 
powder. 

In solution as a wash or irrigation it is employed in 
strengths varying from \ to 20 per cent. 

As a dusting-powder it is used in combination with 
gelatin. Sheets of moist gelatin, after exposure to for- 
malin fumes, are ground to a coarse powder, which is 
used in the dressing of both clean and suppurating 
wounds. A slight disadvantage attending the employ- 
ment of formalin is that for four or five hours after its 



Il6 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDICA FOR NURSES. 

use on a raw surface more or less pain of a burning 
nature is experienced. 

In the form of vapor it is used for sterilizing instru- 
ments and surgical dressings, and for the fumigation of 
the sick-room and its contents. 

The simplified method of fumigation consists of diluting 
I pound of the 40-per-cent. formalin solution with three 
times its volume of hot water, and boiling over an alcohol 
lamp for half an hour. The generated gas is very pene- 
trating, and, having the same specific gravity as the air, 
soon permeates the room in which it is confined and 
kills all germs, not protected by moisture, in about 
three hours. The disinfection of rooms with a spray 
of a 2-per-cent. formalin solution is also very satis- 
factory. 

Formalin, when inhaled, irritates the lungs. The gas 
first attacks the eyes and nose, causing them to smart. 

For the sterilization of instruments a 1 : 2000 solution 
is used. 

Fowler's Solution. See Arsenic. 

Galla (Nutgall). — Action and Uses. — Nutgall con- 
tains large quantities of tannic acid, and therefore possesses 
astringent properties. Used internally and externally. 

Dose. — Tincture of Nutgall (Tinctura Gallse), J to 2 
drams (3.7-7.5 ex.). 

Nutgall Ointment (XJnguentum Gallae). — An astringent. 

Ointment of Nutgall and Opium (Unguentum Gallse 
cum Opii). — Anodyne and astringent. 

Gallanol. — A stimulant and antiseptic preparation 
derived from gallic acid. It is used locally in skin- 
diseases in the form of ointment or solution, the strength 
varying from 5 to 20 per cent. 






MATERIA ME DIC A. WJ 

Gaultheria (Wintergreen). — A mild astringent and 
stimulant. See Oleum Gaultherice. 

Gelsemium (Yellow Jasmine). — Action and Uses. — 
Gelsemium is an anodyne and antispasmodic. It is 
used as an anodyne in nervous headache, and as an 
antispasmodic in such affections as asthma, whooping- 
cough, and wry-neck. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Gelsemium (Extractum Gel- 
semii Fluidum), 2 to 10 minims (0.12-0.6 c.c). 

Tincture of Gelsemium (Tinctura Gelsemii), 10 to 20 
minims (0.6-1.2 c.c). 

Gelsemin, an alkaloid of gelsemium, -£% to ^ grain 
(0.001-0.002 gm.). 

Large doses of gelsemium cause languor, drowsiness, 
frequent pulse, drooped eyelids, dilated pupils, muscular 
weakness, perspiration. 

Symptoms of Poisoning-. — In addition to the above 
symptoms there are double or impaired vision, great 
muscular relaxation, slow, labored respiration, loss of 
voice, dropping of the jaw, a cold, clammy skin, lowered 
temperature, and a feeble, thready pulse. The mind is 
usually clear until near the end. 

Treatment. — Emetics, external heat, and heart-stimu- 
lants. The patient must be kept absolutely quiet and in 
a horizontal position. 

Gentian (Gentiana). — Action and Uses. — Gentian is 
a simple, bitter stomachic, and general tonic ; it increases 
the appetite and stimulates digestion. Large doses may 
cause headache, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. 

Dose. — Extract of Gentian (Extractum Gentianse), 1 
to 10 grains (0.065-0.65 gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Gentian (Extractum Gentianae 
Fluidum), \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 



Il8 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Compound Infusion of Gentian (Infusum Gentianae 
Compositum), I to 8 drams (3.7-30.O c.c). This infu- 
sion contains gentian root, fresh lemon-peel, and bitter 
orange-peel. 

Compound Tincture of Gentian (Tinctura Gentianae 
Composita), J- to I dram (1.8-3.7 c.c.), given half an hour 
before meals. 

Geranium (Crane's Bill).— Action and Uses. — Ge- 
ranium is a mild and agreeable astringent. Its action is 
similar to that of tannic acid, which it contains. It is 
used internally and externally. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Geranium (Extractum Geranii 
Fluidum), |to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 

Decoction of Geranium, 1 to 2 ounces, made by boil- 
ing 1 ounce of the root in 3 half pints of water down to 
1 pint. 

Ginger (Zingiber). — Action and Uses. — Ginger is a 
carminative and gastric stimulant. It is used to relieve 
flatulency and to flavor and prevent the griping tendency 
of some purgative medicines. Externally it is a rube- 
facient. 

Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.6-1.9 c - c -)- 

Fluid Extract of Ginger (Extractum Zingiberis Flu- 
idum), 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). 

Tincture of Ginger (Tinctura Zingiberis), 20 minims to 
1 dram (1.2-3.7 c - c 0- 

Oleoresin of Ginger (Oleoresina Zingiberis), \ to 1 
minim (0.03-0.06 c.c). 

Syrup of Ginger (Syrupus Zingiberis), J to 4 drams 
1. 8-1 5.0 c.c.) 

Troches of Ginger (Trochisci Zingiberis), 1 as required. 
Each troche contains about 3 minims of tincture of gin- 
ger. They are used to stimulate the salivary secretion. 



MATERIA MEDIC A. I19 

Infusion of Ginger (Infusum Zingiberis), 1 to 2 ounces 
made by adding 1 ounce of the powdered root to 1 pint 
of the boiling water. 

Glonoin. See Nitroglycerin. 

Glycerin (Glycerinum). — Action and Uses. — Inter- 
nally, glycerin is used as a laxative ; as a sweetening 
agent when sugar is forbidden, as in diabetes ; as a 
mouth-wash ; and as a vehicle for other medicines. Ex- 
ternally, it is an antiseptic and emollient. 

Dose, 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). An agreeable 
mouth-wash consists of equal parts of glycerin and water 
and a few drops of lemon-juice. 

Glycerin Enema. — From \ to 2 ounces of glycerin 
mixed with the same amount of warm soapsuds. 

Glycerin Suppositories (Suppositoria Glycerini). — One 
as required. 

Glycerite of Carbolic Acid (Glyceritum Acidi Carbolici). 
— A syrupy liquid containing 20 per cent, of carbolic 
acid. Used internally and externally. Dose, 2 to 10 
minims (0.13-0.6 c.c). 

Glycerite of Tannic Acid (Glyceritum Acidi Tannici.) — 
A syrupy liquid containing 20 per cent, of tannic acid. 
Used internally and externally for the same purposes as 
tannic acid. Dose, 10 to 60 minims (0.6-3.7 c.c). 

Glycerite of Starch (Glyceritum Amyli). — Used as a 
protective. 

Glycerin of Borax (Glycerinum Boracis). — Used ex- 
ternally and as a mouth-wash. 

Glycerite of Yolk of Egg (Glyceritum Vitelli). — A 
syrupy liquid containing 45 per cent, of fresh yolk of 
egg. It is used in making emulsions. 

Glycyrrhi^a (Licorice-root). See Licorice. 

Goulard's Extract. See Lead. 



120 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Granatum (Pomegranate). — Action and Uses. — 
Granatum and its alkaloid, pelletierine, are used as 
teniafuges. 

Dose, J to i ounce (i 5.0-31.0 c.c.) in decoction, made 
by soaking 2 ounces of the bark in 2 pints of water for 
24 hours, then boiling down to 1 pint. Large doses 
cause flatulence, nausea, vomiting, purging, and numb- 
ness of the limbs. 

Tannate of Pelletierine (Pelletierinae Tannas), 3 to 5 
grains (0.19-0.32 gm.) in powder or capsule. 

Tanrefs Pelletierine, a proprietary preparation. A 
syrupy solution, each bottle containing one adult dose. 

Gray Powder (Mercury with Chalk ; Hydrargyrum 
cum Creta). See Mercury. 

Grindelia. — The leaves and flowering tops of Grin- 
delia Robusta, an American plant. 

Action and Uses. — Grindelia is an antispasmodic, 
stimulant, expectorant, and diuretic. In large doses it 
is a depressant, slowing the heart and respirations, 
Toxic doses produce paralysis and coma. Externally, 
it is used as an anodyne lotion in the strength of 1 part 
of the fluid extract to 10 of water in inflammatory affec- 
tions of the skin. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Grindelia (Extractum Grin- 
deliae Fluidum), J to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 

Guaiac (Guaiaci Resina ; Guaiaci Lignum ; Guaiacum 
Wood). — Action and Uses. — Guaiac is an alterative and 
diaphoretic. When given for its diaphoretic action, the 
jpatient should be kept warmly covered in bed. It is 
chiefly used in sore throat and in rheumatism. 

Dose. — Guaiaci Lignum, 1 to 2 drams (3.9-7.8 gm.) 
in decoction. 

Guaiac (Guaiaci Resina), 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.). 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 121 

Tincture of Guaiac (Tinctura Guaiaci), J to I dram 
(1.8-3.7 ex.). 

Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiac (Tinctura Guaiaci 
Ammoniata), \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)> usually given in 
milk. 

Troches of Guaiac (Trochisci Guaiaci Compositi). — 
Dose, 1. 

Guaiacol (Guaiacolum). — The most active ingredient 
of creosote. 

Action and Uses. — Guaiacol is used as an antipyretic, 
antiseptic, and as a substitute for creosote in the treat- 
ment of tuberculosis. For its antipyretic action it is 
sometimes painted on the skin of the abdomen or 
chest. The most common method is to sprinkle the 
number of drops ordered on a piece of absorbent cotton, 
which is applied and fastened in place with a bandage. 
This method prevents evaporation and aids absorption. 

Dose, 5 to 10 minims (0.3-0.6 c.c). 

Guaiacol Benzoyl (Benzoate of Guaiacol), commonly 
called benzosol, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). Internal 
antiseptic. 

Guaiacol Carbonate (Guaiacoli Carbonas ; Duotal), 
5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). An intestinal anti- 
septic. This drug contains 91 per cent, of chemically 
pure guaiacol. When taken into the system of tuber- 
cular patients, a part of the guaiacol carbonate is split 
up into guaiacol and carbonic acid, the former thus pre- 
venting the development of bacteria. It is said to steadily 
and permanently remove from the blood of tubercular 
patients the poisonous substances generated by the 
tubercle bacilli, and is more readily borne by the stom- 
ach than guaiacol itself. 

Guaiacol Salicylate (Guaiacoli Salicylas), 5 to 10 grains 



122 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDICA FOR NURSES. 

(0.32-0.65 gm.). It is used for the same purpose as 
salol. 

Guaiacol Biiodid. — It is used for the same purposes as 
guaiacol and in the same doses. 

Valerianate of Guaiacol (Guaiacoli Valerianas), 1 to 5 
grains (0.065-0.32 gm.). 

Guaiaquin (Guaiacol Bisulphonate of Quinin). — An 
acid salt, in the form of a yellowish crystalline powder, 
in which are united the antiseptic effects of guaiacol 
with the antiperiodic action of quinin. It is used as an 
intestinal antiseptic. 

Dose, 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 gm.), before meals. 

Guarana. — Action and Uses. — A nerve-stimulant, its 
action being similar to that of tea or coffee. 

Dose, 1 to 2 drams. 

Fluid Extract of Guarana (Extractum Guaranae Flu- 
idum), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 ex.). 

Hamamelis (Witch-hazel). — Action and Uses. — 
Hamamelis is used both internally and externally as a 
hemostatic and astringent. Externally it is also em- 
ployed as a sedative application in bruises, inflamma- 
tions, etc. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Hamamelis (Extractum 
Hamamelidis Fluidum), \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 

Hedeoma (Pennyroyal). — Action and Uses. — Hede- 
oma is a stimulant aromatic, carminative, diaphoretic, 
and emmenagogue. 

Dose, J to 4 drams (1.9- 1 5.0 gm.), in warm infusion. 

Oil of Pennyroyal (Oleum Hedeomse), 1 to 5 minims 
(0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Hellebore, American. See Veratrum Viride. 

Helleborein. — A glucosid obtained from hellebore. 



MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 23 

Action and Uses. — Helleborein is used internally as a 
substitute for digitalis, and externally as a local anes- 
thetic. 

Dose, yq- to i grain (0.006-0.02 gm.). 

Hematoxylon. See Logwood. 

Henbane. See Hyoscyamus. 

Homatropin Hydrobromate (Homatropinae Hy- 
drobromas). — Action and Uses. — Homatropin resembles 
in its action atropin from which it is derived. It is 
largely used as a mydriatic, and, while its action is as 
prompt, though probably not so energetic as atropin, 
the dilatation of the pupil lasts only, as a rule, from 
thirty-six to forty-eight hours, while that of atropin is 
from eight to ten days. 

Dose, y^-g- to -g 1 ^ grain (0.0005-0.00108 gm.). In solu- 
tion the strength of 4 grains to 1 ounce of distilled 
water. 

Honey. See Mel. 

Hydrargyrum. See Mercury. 

Hydrastis {Golden Seal). — Hydrastis contains three 
alkaloids, hyperdrastin, berberin, and xanthopuccin. 

Action and Uses. — Hydrastis is a stomachic, tonic, 
mild astringent, antiseptic, nerve-stimulant, and alter- 
ative. It promotes the appetite and digestion, and in- 
creases the secretions of the liver and gastro-intestinal 
tract. It is said to be a hemostatic in uterine hemor- 
rhage and ecbolic in causing uterine contractions. 

Locally it is used as an astringent tonic to the parts 
to which it is applied. 

Long use impairs the digestion and causes constipa- 
tion. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Hydrastis (Extractum Hy- 
drastis Fluidum), J to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c 0- 



124 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Tincture of Hydrastis (Tinctura Hydrastis), J to 2 
drams (1.8-7.5 c - c -)« 

Glycerite of Hydrastis (Glyceritum Hydrastis), J to 2 
drams (1.8-7.5 c.c). 

Hydrastin, an alkaloid of hydrastis, said to be 
a stomachic and antiperiodic. It is used internally 
and externally in diseases of the skin. 
Dose, \ to 1 grain (0.016-0.065 gm.). 
As a wash, J to 2 grains to I ounce of water. 
Large doses produce symptoms similar to those of 
strychnin, and must be treated as such. 

Hydrastin Hydrochlorate, an artificial alka- 
loid of hydrastin. 

An active oxytocic and hemostatic in mostly all 
kinds of uterine hemorrhage. 

Dose, \ to 1 grain (0.016-0.065 gm.). 
Hydrogen Peroxid (Hydrogen Dioxid ; Aqua Hy- 
drogenii Dioxidi). — Action and Uses. — The commer- 
cial preparation is a 3-per-cent. aqueous solution of 
dioxid of hydrogen gas. Its strength is impaired with 
age. It should be kept in a cool, dark place. " Solu- 
tions should be kept loosely corked, so that the oxygen 
of decomposition may leak out, or the cork be easily 
blown out, because in this way the risk of dangerous 
explosion is avoided, while the decomposition is not re- 
tarded by keeping the oxygen in." — (Circular of Squibb 
& Sons) 

Peroxid of hydrogen is an active antiseptic, and, on 
account of the property which it possesses of effervescing 
in the presence of pus, mucus, and blood, it is much 
used for cleansing open wounds and diseased membranes. 
It is an active bleaching agent, and must therefore be 
used with caution in applications to the face and head. 



MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 25 

Peroxid of hydrogen readily decomposes when brought 
in contact with metals. If used as a spray, a glass 
atomizer must be employed. 

Hyoscin Hydrobromate (Hyoscinse Hydrobromas). 
— The hydrobromate of an alkaloid obtained from hyos- 
cyamus. Used as a nerve-sedative and hypnotic. 

Dose, y^ to -^q grain (0.00054-0.0008 gm.) ; hypo- 
dermically ^-§ grain (0.00032 gm.), gradually increased. 

The action of hyoscin must be carefully watched, it 
being a powerful depressant of the cerebral and respira- 
tory centers. Death has occurred within seven minutes 
after y^j- grain given hypodermically. The symptoms 
of poisoning and treatment are similar to those of bella- 
donna. 

Hyoscyamin Hydrobromate (Hyoscyaminae Hy- 
drobromas). — The hydrobromate of an alkaloid obtained 
from hyoscyamus. 

Dose, y^ to ■£$ grain (0.0006-0.0013 gm.). 

Hyoscyamin Sulphate (Hyoscyaminae Sulphas). — 
Dose, yj-g- to -^3- grain (0.0006-0.0013 gm.). 

Hyoscyamin is said to be a more powerful antispas- 
modic and anodyne than atropin, but a less powerful 
mydriatic. 

Hyoscyamus (Henbane). — Action and Uses. — The 
action of hyoscyamus is somewhat similar to that of 
belladonna and stramonium, but unlike the latter it has 
marked hypnotic properties due to its alkaloid, hyoscin. 

Dose. — Extract of Hyoscyamus (Extractum Hyos- 
cyami), \ to 3 grains (0.032-0.19 gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Hyoscyamus (Extractum Hyoscyami 
Fluidum), 5 to 30 minims (0.3-1.8 c.c). 

Tincture of Hyoscyamus (Tinctura Hyoscyami), J to I 
dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 



126 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Hyoscyamus is used externally in the form of fomen- 
tation or lotion to relieve pain and to allay irritation. 

The symptoms of poisoning are similar to those of 
belladonna, dilation of the pupils and dryness of the 
throat being the first symptoms. Sometimes after a 
large dose has been taken, the patient cannot see clearly 
to read. The nurse should bear in mind this effect of 
the drug, and assure the patient that the symptom will 
pass away in a little while. 

Hypnal. — A mixture of chloral and antipyrin. 

Action and Uses. — Hypnal is an antispasmodic, hyp- 
notic, and analgesic. 

Dose, 5 to 20 grains (0.32-1.3 gm.). 

Hypnone (Acetophenone). — Action and Uses. — 
Hypnone is a hypnotic. 

Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c.) in capsule, or pep- 
permint-water. It is insoluble in water. It imparts a 
disagreeable odor to the breath. Toxic doses produce 
coma, followed by paralysis of the heart and respiration. 

Ichthalbin (Ichthyol Albuminate). — A grayish- 
brown powder, odorless and almost entirely tasteless. 
It contains about 75 per cent, of pure ichthyol. It is 
used as an alterative, assimilative, and antiphlogistic. 

Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm), before meals. 

Ichthyol. — A substance obtained from a bituminous 
oil, containing about 15 per cent, of sulphur. 

Action and Uses. — Ichthyol is used internally and 
externally in various skin-diseases as an alterative, 
astringent, antiphlogistic, tonic, antiseptic, and ano- 
dyne. 

Dose. — Internally, 10 to 30 grains (0.6-1.9 gm.), in 
pill form or in capsules. Locally, it is applied in the 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 1 27 

form of ointment or solution. It is a non-irritant to the 
skin. 

Strength of Solution. — 1 dram to the ounce, applied 
with a camel's-hair brush. 

Strength of Ointment. — 25 to 50 per cent. 

Ammonium Ichthyosulphate (Liquid Ichthyol). 

Potassium Ichthyosulphate. — Soft, semisolid ichthyol. 

Ignatia (St. Ignatius's Bean; Strychnos Ignatii). — 
Action and Uses. — The action of ignatia is the same 
as that of nux vomica, and it is used for the same pur- 
poses. It contains brucin and strychnin (about I per 
cent, of each), upon which its activity depends. 

Dose. — Tincture of Ignatia (Tinctura Ignatiae), 2 to 10 
minims (0.12-0.6 c.c). 

The symptoms and treatment of poisoning are the 
same as those for nux vomica. 

Inula (Elecampane). — Action and Uses. — Inula is a 
mild stimulant to the secretory organs. It is now chiefly 
used as a domestic remedy. 

Dose, 20 to 60 grains (1.3-3.9 gm.). It is usually 
given in a decoction, prepared by boiling J ounce of the 
root in 1 pint of water. Dose, 1 to 2 ounces. 

Inulin. — Obtained from the root of the Inula Hel- 
enium. It is used as a stimulating expectorant. 

Dose, J to 2 grains (0.032-0.13 gm.). 

Iodoform (Iodoformum). — Contains from 94 to 97 
per cent, of iodin. It appears as a pale yellow powder, 
but darkens on exposure to light. 

Action and Uses. — Iodoform is used internally and 
externally. Internally it is a tonic and alterative. Ex- 
ternally it is an alterative and an anesthetic, and is con- 
sidered by surgeons and gynecologists to be the best 
antiseptic powder in use. It prevents decomposition, and 



128 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

inhibits the growth of the germs of putrefaction and 
pus-formation, although it does not destroy them. 

When applied too freely to raw surfaces, it may be 
absorbed into the system and cause poisoning. Some 
patients are very susceptible to its toxic effects. On 
account of this danger, salol is sometimes substituted 
for it, as is also a mixture of iodoform i part, and boric 
acid 7 parts. 

Dose, I to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 gm.), in pill or in 
capsule. 

Iodoform Ointment (Unguentum Iodoformi). — Used 
externally. 

As a spray : Equal parts of sweet oil and oil of tur- 
pentine, with 2 grains of iodoform to each ounce. 

Iodoform Suppositories (Suppositoria Iodoformi). — 
Each suppository contains 3 grains of iodoform. 

Toxic Effects. — The symptoms of iodoform absorp- 
tion are headache, loss of appetite, insomnia, rise of 
temperature, rapid, feeble pulse, and restlessness. These 
symptoms may pass away if the dressing is removed 
and discontinued. Grave cases are characterized by 
marked anxiety, a bright red eruption on the face 
and limbs, retention of urine, stupor, delirium, and col- 
lapse. 

Oil of turpentine will at once remove the objectionable 
odor of iodoform from the hands, instruments, and ves- 
sels that have been in contact with the drug. 

Iodol. — This is an odorless and tasteless compound 
resembling iodoform in its action. Like iodoform, it 
darkens when exposed to a bright light. 

Dose, 5 to 15 grains (0.32-1.0 gm.). Externally in 
the form of solutions or ointments in strengths from 
1 : 10 to 1 : 30, or as a dusting-powder. 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 1 29 

Iodopyrin. — A substitute product of antipyrin con- 
taining iodin. It is used as an antipyretic. 

Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 

Iodothyrin. — The active principle of the thyroid 
gland combined with sugar of milk. An alterative 
and discutient. 

Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.6-1.9 g m -)- 

Iodtim (Iodin). — A non-metallic element found in 
sea-weed and elsewhere. It is not used internally in its 
crude form, but in one of its preparations. 

Action and Uses. — Externally, iodin in the form of 
the tincture is a counterirritant and vesicant. When 
applied to the skin it produces a deep yellowish-brown 
stain, causes slight pain, and, subsequently, desquama- 
tion. From one to three coats are applied with a swab 
or camel's-hair brush, each coat being allowed to dry 
and the skin to desquamate before another is added. 
Iodin is also employed as an antiseptic and disinfectant. 

Symptoms of Acute Poisoning". — Iodin is an irritant 
poison, producing severe burning pain in the throat, 
stomach, and abdomen, vomiting and purging, salivation, 
a strong metallic taste in the mouth, a feeble, rapid pulse, 
pale face, and suppression of urine. The vomited matter 
has the odor of iodin, and when starchy food has been 
taken it has a blue color. 

The treatment consists in giving starch or flour stirred 
up in water, followed by emetics. External heat and 
stimulants are indicated. 

Iodism. — If used for any length of time, the iodids 
produce headache, running at the eyes and nose, soreness 
of the throat, salivation, a metallic taste in the mouth, 
and an eruption of acne on the face and limbs. Any 
of these symptoms must be reported. Sometimes small 



130 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

doses of iodid of potassium will cause profuse running 
of the eyes and nose, which makes the patient think she 
has a cold. 

Preparations Containing Iodin. 

Iodid of Ammonium (Ammonii Iodidum). — Used 
internally and externally. It resembles iodid of potas- 
sium in its action, but is more irritating. Dose, 2 to 5 
grains (0.13-0.32 gm.). 

Iodid of Ethyl (^Ethyli Iodidum). — Antispasmodic, 
stimulant, and anesthetic. Dose, 10 to 16 minims (0.6- 
1.0 ex.), administered by inhalation. 

Iodid of Potassium (Potassii Iodidum). — Iodid of 
potassium is an alterative, also an absorbent, tonic, and 
stimulant to nutrition, and a slight diuretic. It has a 
powerful action upon the mucous membranes and has 
also the power of eliminating from the tissues several 
metallic poisons, chiefly mercury and lead. It is rapidly 
absorbed and eliminated. In small doses it usually 
appears in the saliva and urine in from twenty to thirty 
minutes. Its rapidity of elimination is not so great as 
that of its absorption, for, although it soon disappears 
from the stomach, it appears in the saliva for from thirty 
to forty hours afterward. Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.32-1.9 
gm.) given in milk. 

Iodid of Sodium (Sodii Iodidum). — Used for the same 
purposes as iodid of potassium. The potassium having 
a depressing effect upon the vital functions, especially 
when given in large doses, the sodium iodid is often 
used as a substitute. Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.32-1.9 gm.). 

Iodid of Strontium (Strontii Iodidum). — Dose, 5 to 30 
grains (0.32-1.9 gm.). Used in various diseases as a 
substitute for iodid of potassium. Larger doses can 



MATERIA MEDICA. 131 

be given without fear of producing symptoms of intoler- 
ance. 

Iodid of Zinc (Zinci Iodidum) has an alterative action 
in addition to its astringent qualities as a zinc salt. Dose, 
\ to 2 grains (0.032-0.13 gm.). 

Liquor Iodi Compositus (Lugol's Solution ; Com- 
pound Solution of Iodin). — Dose, 5 to 16 minims (0.32- 
1.0 c.c), well diluted. 

As an enema, from 1 to 8 drams in 1 quart of water. 

Tincture of Iodin (Tinctura Iodi). — Dose, 3 to 5 min- 
ims (0.18-0.3 c - c -)- Also used locally as a counterirri- 
tant. 

Ipecac (Ipecacuanha). — Action and Uses. — In small 
doses ipecac is an expectorant, hepatic stimulant, dia- 
phoretic, hemostatic, and in large doses an emetic. 
Locally applied to the skin or mucous membrane it is an 
irritant. 

As an emetic it is slow and mild in action, and is used 
when speedy action is not required. On account of its 
gentle action, it is preferred for old, feeble, and very 
young patients. Large draughts of water taken as soon 
as nausea begins will hasten the emetic action. 

Dose, \ to 30 grains (0.032-2.0 gm.). 

Flnid Extract of Ipecac (Extractum Ipecacuanhas Flu- 
idum), 1 to 2 minims (0.06-0.12 c.c.) as an expectorant; 
10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c.) as an emetic. 

Syrup of Ipecac (Syrupus Ipecacuanhas), 10 minims to 
1 dram (0.6-3.7 c.c.) as an expectorant ; 2 to 4 drams 
(7.5-15.00 c.c.) as an emetic. 

Tincture of Ipecac and Opium (Tinctura Ipecacuanhas 
et Opii). — This preparation represents Dover's powder 
in a liquid form. Dose, 5 to 10 minims (0.3-0.6 c.c), 10 



132 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

minims being equal to I grain of opium and I grain of 
ipecac. 

Powder of Ipecac and Opium (Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et 
Opii ; Dover's Powder). — Used as a diaphoretic. Dose, 
5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 10 grains of the powder 
contain 1 grain of opium. 

Troches (Trochisci Ipecacuanhae). — Each troche con- 
tains \ grain of ipecac. 

Troches of Morphin and Ipecac (Trochisci Morphin ae 
et Ipecacuanhae). — Expectorant and anodyne. Dose, 
one. Each troche contains about -fa grain of morphin 
sulphate and -fy grain of ipecac. 

Normal Liquid Ipecac is an expectorant and emetic. 
Dose, 1 to 2 minims (0.06-0.12 c.c). 

Emetic, 15 to 30 minims (1.0-1.8 c.c). 

Wine of Ipecac (Vinum Ipecacuanhae). — Dose, 10 to 30 
minims (0.6-1.8 c.c); as an emetic, 1 dram (3.7 c.c) every 
fifteen minutes until vomiting is induced. 

Emetin (a crystalline alkaloid of Ipecac). — Dose, ■£% to 
\ grain (0.006-0.012 gm.) as an emetic. 

Iris (Blue Flag). — Action and Uses. — Iris is a ca- 
thartic, diuretic, and hepatic stimulant. In overdoses it 
is an irritant and depressant. 

Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 

Extract of Iris (Extractum Iridis), 2 to 4 grains (0.13- 
0.26 gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Iris (Extractum Iridis Fluidum), 5 to 
10 minims (0.3-0.6 c.c). 

Iron. See Ferrum. 

Jaborandi. See Pilocarpin. 

Jalap. — The tuberous root of Ipomoea Jalapa. It 
contains two resins, convolvulin and jalapin. 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 1 33 

Action and Uses. — Jalap is a hydragogue cathartic, 
producing watery discharges. In overdoses it causes 
gastro-enteritis. 

Dose, 15 to 30 grains (1.0-2.0 gm.). 

Alcoholic Extract of Jalap (Extractum Jalapae Alco- 
holicum), 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 

Compound Jalap Powder (Pulvis Jalapae Compositus), 
15 to 40 grains (1.0-2.59 gm.). 

Resin of Jalap (Resina Jalapae), 2 to 4 grains (0.13- 
0.26 gm.); for a child, \ to J grain (0.01-0.032 gm.). 

Owing to its lack of taste, this preparation is preferred 
for children. 

Jatnbul. — Obtained from Eugenia Jambolana. Used 
as an adjunct to other remedies in the treatment of 
diabetes mellitus. It is also a stomachic and astringent. 

Dose, 10 to 15 grains (0.6-1.0 gm.). 

Fluid Extract, 5 to 10 minims (0.3-0.6 c.c). 

James Powder (Antimonial Powder). — This powder 
contains oxid of antimony and phosphate of calcium. 

In small doses it is a diaphoretic and alterative; in 
large doses, a cathartic and emetic. 

Dose, 3 to 10 grains (0.19-O.65 gm.), usually given in 
pill form. 

Jamestown Weed. See Stramonium. 

Juniper (Juniperis; Juniper Berries). — Action and 
Uses. — Juniper is a general stimulant, diaphoretic, and 
diuretic. It contains a volatile oil on which its diuretic 
action depends. It imparts to the urine an odor of 
violets, and is eliminated by the kidneys. 

Dose, \ to 1 ounce (1 5.5-3 1.1 gm.), in infusion, which 
is made by adding 1 ounce of berries to 1 pint of boiling 
water, allowing it to stand in a warm place for one hour 
before using. 



134 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Oil of Juniper (Oleum Juniperi), I to 5 minims (0.06- 
0.3 ex.). 

Spirit of Juniper (Spiritus Juniperi ; Gin), 10 to 60 
minims (0.6-3.7 c.c). 

Compound Spirit of Juniper (Spiritus Juniperi Com- 
positus) contains oil of juniper, oil of fennel, oil of 
caraway. Dose, 1 to 4 drams (3.7-15.0 c.c). 

Kamala (Rottlera). — Action and Uses. — Kamala is 
an anthelmintic and purgative. 

Dose, 1 to 2 drams (3.9-7.8 gm.). 

Kino. — Kino is the dried juice of Pterocarpus Mar- 
supium. It is an astringent. 

Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.) in powder. 

Infusion of Kino (Infusum Kino). — Made by adding 2 
drams of the extract to \ pint of boiling water, and 
straining when cool. Dose, 1 ounce. 

Tincture of Kino (Tinctura Kino), 1 to 2 drams (3.7- 
7.5 c.c). 

Kotimyss. — Koumyss is a nutritious and easily 
assimilable preparation of milk. It is prepared as fol- 
lows : Take an ordinary beer-bottle with a patent stop- 
per ; put in it 1 pint of milk, the sixth part of a cake of 
Fleischmann's yeast, or 1 tablespoonful of fresh lager 
beer (brewer's) yeast, and J tablespoonful of white sugar 
reduced to syrup ; shake well and allow to stand in a 
refrigerator for two or three days, when it is ready to 
use. It will keep indefinitely if the bottles are laid on 
their side. Much waste can be saved by preparing the 
bottles with ordinary corks wired in position and draw- 
ing off the koumyss with a champagne tap. Many 
failures have resulted because the corks did not fit 
properly, the result being that the carbonic-acid gas 



MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 35 

escaped as formed and left a worthless preparation. If 
there is any curdle or thickening part resembling cheese, 
the mixture should not be used, as this indicates that 
fermentation has been prolonged beyond the proper 
time. It is a good plan to gently shake the bottles 
for about ten minutes each day to prevent the clotting 
of casein. 

Koumyss is often retained when the stomach will bear 
no other food. It is very nutritive, each quart represent- 
ing about 4 ounces of solid food, and from 1 to 3 per 
cent, of alcohol. 

KOUSSO. See Cusso ; Bray era. 

Krameria (Rhatany). — Action and Uses. — Krameria 
is an astringent and slightly tonic. 

Dose. — Extract of Krameria (Extractum Krameriae), 
5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Krameria (Extractum Krameriae 
Fluidum), 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). 

Syrup of Krameria (Syrupus Krameriae), \ to 2 drams 
(1.8-7.5 ex.). 

Tincture of Krameria (Tinctura Krameriae), 1 to 2 
drams (37-7.5 c.c). 

Troches of Krameria (Trochisci Krameriae). — One as 
required. 

Decoction of Krameria (Decoctum Krameriae), 1 to 2 
ounces, made by adding 1 ounce of the powder to 1 
pint of boiling water. Dose, I to 4 ounces (30.0-120 c.c). 

Kreolin. See Creolin. 

lactate of Iron. See Iron. 
lactate of Strontium. See Strontium. 
I/actopeptin. — A proprietary preparation of pepsin. 
Dose, 5 to 15 grains (0.32-1.0 gm.). 



136 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

I/actophenin (Lactyl-para-phenetidin). — Action and 
Uses. — Lactophenin is an antipyretic, sedative, and hyp- 
notic. Its action is similar to that of phenacetin, with- 
out the depressing effect upon the heart or circulation. 

Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 

I^actose (Sugar of Milk; Saccharum Lactis). — Action 
and Uses. — Lactose is used to sweeten infants' food and 
as a vehicle for powders. In large doses it is a diuretic. 

Dose, J to 1 ounce (1 5.0-31.0 gm.). 

I/actucarium (Lettuce). — Action and Uses.— Lac- 
tucarium is a mild hypnotic, sedative, and diuretic. Its 
action is said to be similar to that of opium, but more 
feeble, and without the depressing after-effects. 

Dose, 10 to 30 grains (1. 0-1.9 gm.). 

Syrup of Lactucarium (Syrupus Lactucarii), 1 to 3 
drams (3.7-1 1.2 c.c). 

Tincture of Lactucarium (Tinctura Lactucarii), J to 1 
dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 

X/acttlcin. — A bitter substance, the chief ingredient 
of Lactucarium, and said to be sedative and hypnotic. 

Dose, 1 to 5 grains (0.06-0.3 gm.). 

I^amellse. — Small gelatin disks containing drugs to 
be inserted in the center of the lower eyelid. Those 
commonly used are : 

Lamellae Atropinse. — Disks of atropin, each of which 
contains -5-^0 -g- g ram of sulphate of atropin. 

Lamellse Cocainse. — Disks of cocain. Each disk 
contains yj-g- grain of cocain hydrochlorate. 

Lamellae Physostigminae. — Disks of physostigmin. 
Each disk contains ^Ao" S rSL ^ n °f physostigmin. 

I/anolin (Adeps Lanae Hydrosus). — Action and 
Uses. — Lanolin is a purified fat obtained from sheep's 
wool. It is used locally in skin-disease, in the treatment 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 1 37 

of the eruptive fevers, during the state of desquamation, 
and as a basis for ointments. It is rapidly absorbed, and 
does not become rancid. 

I^appa (Burdock). — Action and Uses. — Burdock is 
used as an alterative, diaphoretic, and diuretic. The 
leaves are used externally in the form of poultices in 
some skin-diseases. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Lappa (Extractum Lappae 
Fluidum), J to I dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 

Decoction of Lappa (Decoctum Lappae), 4 to 5 ounces. 
Made by boiling 2 ounces of the bruised root in 3 pints 
of water down to 2 pints. 

I/audanum. See Opium. 

I^avender (Lavandula ; Lavender Flowers). — Action 
and Uses. — Lavender is a gastric stimulant, aromatic 
and carminative. It is an agreeable and favorite flavor- 
ing agent and perfume. 

Dose. — Oil of Lavender (Oleum Lavandulae), I to 5 
minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Spirit of Lavender (Spiritus Lavandulae), 10 to 30 
minims (0.6-1.9 c.c). 

Compound Tincture of Lavender (Tinctura Lavandulae 
Composita), \ to I dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 

The compound tincture is a constituent of Fowler's 
solution (Liquor Potassii Arsenitis). 

I^ead (Plumbum). — Metallic lead is inert. In medicinal 
doses the preparations of lead are astringent, sedative, 
antiphlogistic, and hemostatic. As a hemostatic lead is 
usually combined with opium to ensure mental and bodily 
rest. Locally, they are sedative and astringent, and are 
used in the form of a lotion or an ointment. On account 
of the sedative and soothing action of lead, it is much 
used as an application to the eye in cases of inflammation 



I38 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

or catarrh of the conjunctiva. Taken internally, the salts 
of lead produce an astringent taste in the mouth and 
a dryness of the throat. In the stomach and intestines 
they lessen the secretions, contract the vessels, and 
arrest or retard peristaltic movements, causing great 
constipation. Lead is excreted through the skin and 
in the bile, milk, and urine. In passing through the 
kidneys it diminishes the excretion of uric acid. 

Symptoms of acute lead-poisoning" are burning sen- 
sation in the throat, stomach, and abdomen, a sweet, 
metallic taste in the mouth, vomiting, purging, or ob- 
stinate constipation, excessive thirst, paralysis, coma, 
and collapse. The vomit is white (due to the presence 
of chlorid of lead, formed by the action of the gastric 
juice), and the stools are black (due to the presence of 
the sulphid of lead). 

Treatment consists in the use of emetics and the ad- 
ministration of the antidote, Glauber or Epsom salts. 
The temperature should be maintained by external 
heat. 

Chronic Lead-poisoning. — Chronic lead-poisoning is 
frequently seen in workmen who handle the salts of the 
metal. It also results from the constant use of hair- 
dyes and cosmetics containing lead, and from drinking 
soft water which has been conveyed through leaden 
pipes. The chief symptoms are obstinate constipation, 
colic, a blue line on the gums, " wrist-drop," anemia, and 
convulsions and coma. The antidotes are potassium 
iodid and Epsom or Glauber salts. 

Preparations of Lead. 

Acetate of Lead (Sugar of Lead ; Plumbi Acetas). — 
A sedative astringent and hemostatic. As a hemostatic 



MATERIA MEDICA. 139 

it lowers the heart's action and constricts the vessels. 
Dose, 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 gm.), sometimes given 
with opium. 

For external use, a solution of 2 drams (7.75 gm.) to 
1 pint (480 c.c.) of water is the usual strength used. 

As a collyrium, 1 \ grains to I ounce (30.0 c.c.) of dis- 
tilled water. 

Carbonate of Lead (White Lead; Plumbi Carbonas). 
— Used externally as a powder or ointment. Some cos- 
metics and face-powders contain carbonate of lead, or 
white flake as it is more commonly called. When 
applied to a large surface care must be taken to guard 
against poisoning by absorption. 

Goulard's Cerate (Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis). — 
An astringent and protective. 

lodid of Lead (Plumbi Iodidum). — Dose, \ to 2 
grains (0.032-0.13 gm.). It is rarely used internally. 
It is used locally in the form of ointment and plaster 
as astringent and alterative. 

Lead and Opium Pill (Pilulae Opii et Plumbi). — Each 
pill contains powdered opium 1 grain, acetate of lead 1 
grain. 

Lead Oxid (Plumbi Oxidum ; Litharge). — Used chiefly 
in the manufacture of lead-plaster. 

Lead Plaster (Diachylon Plaster; Emplastrum 
Plumbi). — It is the basis of many plasters. 

Lead-water and Laudanum (L. and L. Solution). — 
This solution contains laudanum, 1 dram (3.7 c.c.) ; pure 
lead-water, 4 drams (5.0 c.c); water, 16 drams (60 c.c). 
It is used in sprains and local inflammations. 

Liniment of Subacetate of Lead (Linimentum Plumbi 
Subacetatis). — Used as an anodyne application. 

Subacetate of Lead Solution (Liquor Plumbi Sub- 



140 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

acetatis ; Goulard's Extract). — It is used externally as an 
astringent and sedative lotion in the strength of i to 4 
ounces (30-120 c.c.) to 1 pint of water (480 ex.). 

Nitrate of Lead (Plumbi Nitras). — Used externally in 
powder, as a local stimulant or caustic, and in solution 
of 10 grains (0.65 gm.) to 1 ounce of water (30.0 c.c), 
as a disinfectant. 

I/emon-peel (Limonis Cortex). — It is used for flavor- 
ing purposes. Action and Uses. — Internally, lemon- 
juice is a refrigerant, and forms a refreshing drink in 
fevers. It is given in the form of lemonade, or is added 
to nutritive drinks, such as barley-water. It is also used 
for the cure and prevention of scurvy. 

Externally, it is used as a gargle in sore throat, as a 
hemostatic in post-partum hemorrhage and epistaxis, 
and for the relief of sun-burn. To make the decoction, 
cut into thin slices a fresh, unpeeled lemon, add to it 
four teacupfuls of water, and boil down to 1 \ teacupfuls, 
in an earthenware jar. Allow it to stand in the open air 
for twelve hours and then strain. 

A solution commonly used as an application to the 
face in sunburn, consists of bismuth subnitrate, I dram 
(3.9 gm.), lemon-juice and glycerin, 1 ounce each (30 
c.c). 

Oil of Lemon (Oleum Limonis) 1 to 5 minims (0.06- 
0.3 c.c). 

Essence of Lemon (Spiritus Limonis), 30 to 60 minims 
1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 

Lemon-juice (Succus Limonis). 

I^eptandra (Culver's Root). — Action and Uses. — 
Leptandra is a cathartic and cholagogue. 

Dose, 5 to 30 grains in powder (0.3-1.9 gm.). 



MATERIA ME D1C A. 141 

Extract of Leptandra (Extractum Leptandrae), 1 to 8 
grains (0.065-0.52 gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Leptandra (Extractum Leptandrae 
Fluidum), 5 to 30 minims (0.3-1.8 c.c). 

I^icorice (Glycyrrhiza). — Action and Uses. — Licorice 
is a mild cathartic and demulcent. It is also used to 
mask the taste of bitter or disagreeable substances. 

Dose. — Extract of Licorice (Extractum Glycyrrhizae), 
5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Licorice (Extractum Glycyrrhizae Flu- 
idum), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Pure Extract of Licorice (Extractum Glycyrrhizae Pu- 
rum), 5 to 100 grains (0.32-6.5 gm.). 

Ammoniated Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizinum Ammonia- 
turn), 5 to 15 grains (0.32-1. o gm.). 

Compound Licorice Powder (Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Com- 
positus), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Brown Mixture (Compound Licorice Mixture ; Mistura 
Glycyrrhizae Composita), 1 to 4 drams (3.7-15.0 c.c). 

Troches of Licorice and Opium (Trochisci Glycyrrhizae 
et Opii). — Each troche contains 2 grains of extract of 
licorice and -fa grain of opium. Dose, 1 as required. 

I4nie. See Calx. 

Wnimentum Atnmonise (Ammonia Liniment). — 
Used as a rubefacient. It may be thoroughly rubbed 
into the skin, or a piece of flannel saturated with the 
liniment may be applied over the part and fastened in 
place with a bandage. 

Wnimentum Belladonnae (Belladonna Liniment). 
— Used as an anodyne. 

I/inimentum Calcis (Lime Liniment ; Carron Oil). 
— This consists of equal parts of lime-water and linseed 
oil. Used on burns and scalds. 



142 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Ivinimentum Camphorae (Camphor Liniment). — 

Used as an anodyne. 

Compound Liniment of Camphor is used as a rubefacient 
and anodyne. 

Xanimentum Chloroformi (Chloroform Liniment). 
— Used as an anodyne. A piece of flannel saturated 
with the liniment is applied over the part, and well cov- 
ered with oil-silk to prevent evaporation. 

Jyinimentum Crotonis (Croton Oil Liniment). — 
Used as a rubefacient and vesicant. 

I^inimentum Saponis (Soap Liniment). — Used as an 
anodyne and mild rubefacient. 

Soap and Opium Liniment contains equal parts of 
laudanum and soap liniment. It is sometimes called 
anodyne liniment, or opium liniment. It is used as a 
mild rubefacient and anodyne. 

I^inimentum Sinapis Compositum (Compound 
Liniment of Mustard). — Used as a rubefacient. It should 
be applied on flannel and covered with oil-silk or paper. 

I/inimentum Terebinthinae (Turpentine Liniment). 
— Used as a counterirritant and stimulant. 

I/inum (Linseed ; Flaxseed). — Action and Uses. — 
Linseed, or flaxseed tea as it is more commonly called, 
is used internally as a demulcent drink in allaying 
coughs, and in forming a soothing protectant for inflamed 
mucous membranes. 

Externally, the oil of flaxseed, added to an equal 
amount of lime-water (carron oil), makes a soothing 
application for burns. The ground seed (flaxseed meal) 
is used in poultices. The whole seeds are used in 
making flaxseed tea. 

Flaxseed Tea. — Flaxseed (whole), I ounce; white 
sugar, i tablespoonful ; licorice root, 2 small sticks; 



MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 43 

lemon-juice, 4 tablespoonsful. Pour on these materials 
a quart of boiling water ; let it stand in a hot place, and 
then strain. Another method is to pour 1 quart of boil- 
ing water over 5 ounces of flaxseed (whole), boil from 
one-half to three-quarters of an hour, stand in a hot 
place for fifteen minutes, strain, add lemon-juice and 
sugar to taste. 

I/ipanin. — A mixture of olive oil and oleic acid, in 
the proportion of 1 to 6 parts. Used as a substitute for 
cod-liver oil. 

Dose, 1 to 4 drams (3.7-15.0 c.c). 

I/itharge. See Oxid of Lead. 

I/ithium. — The action of the lithium salts is very 
similar to that of potassium. They lessen the acidity 
of the urine and aid in the elimination of the uric acid 
by the kidneys. They are diuretic and antacid. 

Preparations of Lithium. 

Benzoate of Lithium (Lithii Benzoas). See Benzoic 
Acid. 

Bromid of Lithium. See Bromum. 

Carbonate of Lithium (Lithii Carbonas). — Dose, 2 to 
10 grains (0.13-0.65 gm.). 

Citrate of Lithium (Lithii Citras). — Dose, 5 to 20 
grains (0.32-1.3 gm.). 

Effervescent Lithium Citrate (Lithii Citras Effer- 
vescens). — Dose, 1 to 4 drams (3.9-15.5 gm.). 

Lithia Water (Effervescing Solution of Lithia ; Liquor 
Lithiae EfTervescens). — Dose, 5 to 10 ounces (150-300 
c.c). 

Lithium Salicylate (Lithii Salicylas).— Dose, 10 to 30 
grains (0.65-2.0 gm.). 



144 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

I/Obelia (Indian Tobacco). — Action and Uses. — 
Lobelia is an antispasmodic, expectorant, diaphoretic, 
emetic, and motor depressant. It is chiefly used as an 
antispasmodic in asthma. 

The symptoms of poisoning are nausea, vomiting, 
purging, cold sweat, profuse sweating, a rapid, feeble 
pulse, pale skin, livid face, muscular relaxation, stupor, 
coma, and collapse. 

Treatment. — Evacuation of stomach, external heat, 
heart-stimulants, and demulcent drinks. 

Fluid Extract of Lobelia (JLxX.ra.ctum Lobeliae Fluidum), 
I to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c); as an emetic, 16 to 60 
minims (1.0-3.7 c - c -)- * ts act ion as an emetic is so de- 
pressing that it is now rarely used. 

Tincture of Lobelia (Tinctura Lobeliae), 5 to 20 minims 
(0.3-1.2 c.c); as an emetic, 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Infusion of Lobelia (Infusum Lobeliae), 1 ounce to 1 
pint of water. — Dose, 1 to 6 drams. It is sometimes 
used externally as a lotion in the treatment of eczema 
produced by poisoning. 

I/Obelin. — An alkaloid of lobelia. An antispas- 
modic. 

Dose. — Sulphate of Lobelin, 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 
gm.). 

X^Ogwood (Hematoxylon). — Action and Uses. — 
Logwood is a tonic and mild astringent. It produces 
blood-red stools and urine. 

Dose. — Extract of Hematoxylin (Extractum Haema- 
toxyli), 5 to 30 grains (3.9-1.2 c.c). 

Fluid Extract of Hematoxylin (Extractum Haematoxyli 
Fluidum), 1 to 4 drams (1. 8-1 5.0 c.c). 

I/OSOphan. — Action and Uses. — Losophan is used 
as a parasiticide in some skin-diseases in the form of 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 1 45 

ointment, powder, or solution. The strength usually used 
is from 5 to 20 per cent. 

X,Upuli. See Hops. 

I/ycopodiutn. — A fine yellow powder derived from a 
species of moss. It is used as an absorbent and pro- 
tective powder in chapping of the skin. 

I^ysol. — A brown oily liquid, having the odor of 
creosote, obtained from tar-oils, and said to contain 50 
per cent, of cresols. 

Lysol is much used in surgical and gynecological 
practice as a safe disinfectant and antiseptic. When 
added to water it forms a clear, soapy liquid, which may 
be used for the disinfection of the hands of the surgeon 
and the patient's skin without the addition of soap. On 
account of its saponaceous character it cannot be used 
for instruments, as it renders them slippery. It is used 
in solutions of the strength of from 1 to 5 per cent. To 
make a i-per-cent. solution, 10 drams of lysol are added 
to 1 gallon of water. Its chief advantage over other 
antiseptics lies in its non-irritant and much less poison- 
ous properties, and it can be used for the disinfection of 
everything in the sick-room. 

Magendie's Solution. See Morphin, Opium. 

Magnesium. — Action and Uses. — The metal mag- 
nesium is never used in medicine ; its salts, however, are 
much used as cathartics. 

Preparations. — Magnesia (Light Magnesia ; Calcined 
Magnesia; Husband's Magnesia). — It is a laxative, ant- 
acid, and antidote to arsenic. Dose, 10 to 40 grains 
(0.65-2.59 gm.). It is also used as a dusting-powder. 

Magnesia Ponderosa (Heavy Magnesia). — Dose, 15 to 
40 grains (1.0-2.59 g m -)- 
10 



146 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Magnesium Carbonate (Magnesii Carbonas). — Dose, 
10 to 15 grains (0.65-1.0 gm.). It is an antacid and 
laxative. 

Magnesium Sulpliate (Magnesii Sulphas ; Epsom Salt). 
— Dose, 2 to 8 drams (7.8-3 1.1 gm.). It is an active 
cathartic, producing large watery movements without 
intestinal irritation. 

As an enema : Magnesium sulphate, 2 ounces ; glyce- 
rin, 1 ounce ; warm water, 4 ounces. 

Effervescent Magnesium Citrate (Magnesii Citras Ef- 
fervescens). — Dose, 1 to 4 drams (3.9-1 5.0 gm.), dissolved 
in cold water and swallowed while effervescing. 

Citrate of Magnesia Solution (Liquor Magnesii Citra- 
tis). — Dose, 6 to 12 ounces (180.0-360.0 c.c). In small 
doses it is a laxative ; in full doses (12 ounces), a purga- 
tive. 

Carbonate of Magnesia Solution (Liquor Magnesii Car- 
bonatis). — Dose, 1 to 2 ounces (30.0-60.0 c.c). It is a 
laxative and antacid. 

Malt (Maltum). — Action and Uses. — Malt is a nu- 
tritive tonic. 

Dose. — Extract of Malt, 1 to 4 drams (3.7-15.0 c.c). 

Manganese (Manganum).— Action and Uses. — The 
preparations of manganese are tonic, alterative, and 
emmenagogue. As emmenagogues the sulphate and 
peroxid of manganese and permanganate of potash are 
supposed to be even more powerful than iron. The two 
former preparations are usually given, because when 
given in pill form permanganate of potash is apt to 
undergo spontaneous combustion, while in the form of 
a mixture it has a very disagreeable taste. Manganese 
exists normally in the blood, bile, etc., in association 
with iron, in the proportion of about I to 20. 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 1 47 

Preparations. — Mangani Oxidimi Nigrum (Black Oxid 
of Manganese). — It is an emmenagogue. Dose, 1 to 5 
grains (0.065-0.32 gm.) in pill form. 

Mangani Sulphas (Manganese Sulphate ; Manganous 
Sulphate). — Dose, 2 to 5 grains (0.13-0.32 gm.). 

Potassii Perrnanganas (Permanganate of Potassium). — 
Permanganate of potassium is an antiseptic, disinfectant, 
and deodorant. See Oxalic Acid. It acts by oxidizing 
organic substances. It is used internally and externally. 
In its pure state it is a caustic and irritant. 

Internally, permanganate of potassium is an antidote 
for morphin-poisoning, 3 grains being capable of destroy- 
ing 2 grains of morphin. It is also used as an emmen- 
agogue. Dose, \ to 3 grains (0.032-0.19 gm.) in com- 
pressed tablets, with large draughts of water to prevent 
its irritating effect on the stomach. Externally, in the 
strength of from 20 to 60 grains to 1 pint of warm 
water. 

Permanganate stains everything with which it comes 
in contact, but the stain may be removed with a solution 
of oxalic acid. 

Condy's Fluid, which contains 16 grains of perman- 
ganate of potassium to 1 ounce of water, is a disinfectant 
and deodorant. 

Manila. — The concrete exudation of Fraxinus Ornus. 
It contains mannit, a sugar (from 50 to 80 per cent), 
and a resin, which is probably the laxative principle. 

Action and Uses. — Manna is a mild laxative, but is 
rarely given alone. It is usually combined with rhu- 
barb, senna, and other purgatives. 

Dose, 1 to 8 drams (3.9-3 1.1 c.c). 

It enters into the official Infusum Sennce Compositum 



148 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDICA FOR NURSES. 

(Compound Infusion of Senna, or Black Draught). 
Dose, 2 to 8 drams (7.8-3 1.1 ex.). 

Marrtlbium (Horehound). — Action and Uses. — 
Horehound is used as a gastric stimulant and expecto- 
rant. In large doses it is laxative and diaphoretic. 

Dose, Jto 1 dram in infusion (1 ounce of the herb to 
1 pint of boiling water). 

Matico. — Action and Uses. — Matico is used as an 
aromatic tonic, hemostatic, and stimulant to the mucous 
membranes. 

Dose, \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c ) m decoction. 

Fluid Extract of Matico (Extractum Matico Fluidum), 
\ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 cc )- 

Tincture of Matico (Tinctura Matico), | to 2 drams 
(1.8-7.5 cc). 

Matricaria (German Chamomile). — Action and 
Uses. — In small doses matricaria is a mild tonic ; in 
large doses it is an emetic and anthelmintic. It is a 
popular domestic remedy among the German people. 

Dose, \ to I ounce (15.0-30.0 c.c.) in infusion. 

Mel (Honey). — Action and Uses. — Honey is demul- 
cent, nutritive, and slightly laxative. It is chiefly used 
as a vehicle. 

Dose, 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Honey of Rose (Mel Rosae). — Dose, 1 to 2 drams (3.7- 
7.5 c.c). It is slightly astringent, and is used as an ap- 
plication for the mouth and throat in combination with 
other agents. 

Clarified Honey (Mel Despumatum). — Dose,, 1 to 2 
drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Oxymel, a domestic remedy for colds and sore throat, 
is a mixture containing 5 ounces each of vinegar and 
water, and 40 ounces of honey. 



MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 49 

Mentha Piperita (Peppermint). — The leaves and 
tops of Mentha Piperita. 

Action and Uses. — Peppermint is an aromatic stimu- 
lant, carminative, and antispasmodic. The oil of pepper- 
mint applied locally is an irritant and anesthetic, more 
especially if evaporation be prevented. 

Dose. — Peppermint Water (Aqua Menthae Piperitae), 
1 to 8 drams (3.7-30.0 c.c). 

Oil of Peppermint (Oleum Menthae Piperitae), 1 to 5 
minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Essence of Peppermint (Essentia Menthse Piperitae), 10 
to 20 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). 

Peppermint Troches (Trochisci Menthae Piperitae). — 
One as required. 

Mentha Viridis (Spearmint). — Action and Uses. — 
The action of spearmint is similar to that of peppermint. 

Dose. — Spearmint Water (Aqua Menthae Viridis), 1 
to 8 drams (3.7-30.0 c.c). 

Oil of Spearmint (Oleum Menthae Viridis), 1 to 5 
minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Menthol (Peppermint Camphor). — A camphor ob- 
tained chiefly from the essential oil of peppermint. 

Action and Uses. — Menthol is used as a carminative, 
sedative, local anesthetic, and antiseptic. 

Dose, \ to 1 grain (0.032-0.065 gm.), given in pill 
form or emulsion. The strength of solution for external 
use is 2 to 8 grains to the ounce of water. As an appli- 
cation for burns, 1 in 10 parts of olive oil. 

Benzoate of Menthol and Chloral Menthol are used 
locally. 

Mercury (Quicksilver ; Hydrargyrum). — Action and 
Uses. — The preparations containing metallic mercury 
are derived directly or indirectly from the metal itself. 



150 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

The metal itself is inert, but in the form of any of its 
preparations it is easily absorbed by the skin, lungs, 
stomach, and mucous membranes, and produces con- 
stitutional effects. Mercury rapidly accumulates in the 
body. It is eliminated by all the secretions. A single 
dose may be eliminated in twenty-four hours, but the 
elimination is often irregular and intermittent. 

In small doses the preparations of mercury are tonic, 
increasing the number of blood-cells, alterative, purga- 
tive, antiphlogistic, antiseptic, and astringent. As an 
antiseptic the bichlorid and biniodid are the best. 

Preparations of Mercury. 

Emplastrum Hydrargyri (Mercurial Plaster; Oleate 
of Mercury and Lead Plaster). — A local resolvent, me- 
chanical support, and mild counter-irritant. 

Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosivum (Bichlorid of 
Mercury; Mercuric Chlorid; Corrosive Sublimate). — 
Corrosive sublimate is a powerful antiseptic. It is much 
used in dressings, poultices, douches, etc., and in cleans- 
ing the skin. The solutions employed vary in strength 
from i : 500 to I : 10,000. Great care must be exercised 
in handling it on account of its poisonous properties. 
In concentrated form it is an escharotic. Internally, in 
small doses, it is used as an alterative and tonic. Dose, 
A to tV grain (0.002-0.004 gm.). 

It is not a good disinfectant for stools, as it hardens 
the albuminous material which covers the outside of fecal 
masses, and thus protects the inside from its action. 
Tartaric, citric, or hydrochloric acid added to the solu- 
tion prevents union with albumin of tissue. 

The first symptoms of mercurial poisoning are fetid 
breath, an excessive flow of saliva, and a metallic taste 



MATERIA MEDIC A. I 5 I 

in the mouth. The gums are red, swollen, spongy, and 
easily bleed. The drug should never be continued 
beyond this point ; if it is continued, the gums ulcerate, 
the teeth fall out, and the tongue becomes enormously 
swollen. 

Poisoning. — In poisonous doses it causes nausea, 
vomiting, burning pains in the stomach, purging of 
mucus and blood, suppression of urine, excessive thirst, 
anxious face, a small frequent pulse, difficult respiration, 
coldness and cramps in the extremities, collapse, con- 
vulsions, and death. 

Treatment. — White of egg beaten up with water or 
flour and milk should be administered at once, after 
which the stomach should be thoroughly washed out 
with the stomach-pump. Demulcent drinks, external 
heat, and heart-stimulants are often indicated. 

Hydrargyri Chloridurn Mite (Mild Mercurous Chlo- 
rid ; Calomel). — Calomel is used as a cathartic, diuretic, 
alterative, and hepatic stimulant. Large doses are anti- 
pyretic. Dose, 21 to 10 grains (0.0032-0.65 gm.). It 
may be given dry on the tongue, in pill, tablet, or mixed 
with syrup. 

Hydrargyri Cyanidum (Mercuric Cyanid) is used as 
an alterative. Dose, -j^ to 2V grain (0.0022-0.0032 gm.). 

Hydrargyri Iodidum Flavum (Protiodid of Mer- 
cury ; Yellow Mercurous Iodid). — A heavy bright-yellow 
powder, becoming dark upon exposure to light. An 
alterative. Dose, jr to 1 grain (0.01-0.065 gm.). 

Hydrargyri Iodidum Rubrum (Red Mercuric Iodid ; 
Biniodid of Mercury). — It is an alterative and a violent 
irritant. Considered even more antiseptic than bichlorid. 
Dose, ^0 to 2V grain (0.0022-0.0032 gm.). 

Hydrargyri Oxidum Flavum (Yellow Oxid of Mer- 



152 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

cury). — Used internally as an alterative and antiseptic, 
and externally, in the form of an ointment, in chronic 
inflammations of the eyelids and in certain chronic 
skin-diseases. It is also used for making the oleate of 
mercury. 

Hydrargyri Salicylas (Mercuric Salicylate). — Dose, 
eV to i grain (0.001-0.008 gm.). Used hypodermically. 
It rarely produces internal irritation unless taken in very 
large doses. Used externally, 2 to 5 per cent. In dis- 
eases of the eye, 3 per cent. 

Hydrargyri Subsulphas Flavus (Yellow Mercuric 
Subsulphate). — It is sometimes used as an emetic. Dose, 
3 to 5 grains (0.19-0.32 gm.), repeated, if necessary, in 
fifteen minutes, for two to three doses. Not much used 
now because of the danger when vomiting does not fol- 
low its use. 

Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum (Ammoniated Mercury). 
— Used externally in the form of an ointment in various 
skin-diseases. 

Hydrargyrum Cum Creta (Mercury with Chalk ; 
Gray Powder). — It is a mild purgative. Its action is 
similar to that of calomel and blue mass. Dose, 1 to 10 
grains (0.065-0.65 gm.). 

Liquor Hydrargyri Nitratis (Solution of Mercuric 
Nitrate). — A powerful caustic, and should be applied by 
means of a glass rod. 

Lotio Hydrargyri Flava (Yellow Wash). — Used lo- 
cally in certain inflammatory skin-diseases. 

Lotio Hydrargyri Nigra (Black Wash). — Used lo- 
cally in certain affections of the skin. 

Massa Hydrargyri (Blue Mass ; Blue Pill). — Dose, 2 
to 10 grains (0.13-0.65 gm.). A mild purgative and 
alterative. Has a milder action than calomel and is less 



MATERIA MEDICA. 1 53 

irritant to the stomach, but is more apt to salivate than 
any other preparation. Dose, as an alterative, 1 to 2 
grains (0.065-0.13 gm.). 

Unguentum Hydrargyri (Mercurial Ointment ; Blue 
Ointment). — It is used externally in certain skin-diseases, 
and also to obtain the general action of mercury when 
the drug cannot be taken by mouth. It passes through 
the skin and is absorbed by the blood, without produc- 
ing any local irritation. The application must be made 
where the skin is soft and free from hair. It may be 
applied to the feet, as the friction of walking rubs in 
the mercury. The inunction must be very thorough. 
The advantages of inunction are — there are almost no 
digestive disturbances, it is the most rapid method of 
obtaining action, and has the least general bad effects. 
See Inunction. 

Methacetin. — A new antiseptic and analgesic, similar 
to phenacetin. Methacetin is apt to depress the heart 
and sometimes cause collapse, accompanied or preceded 
by profuse sweating. 

Dose, 2 to 5 grains (0.12-0.3 § m -)> given in powder or 
in mucilage. 

Methyl Blue. See Pyoktcmin. 

Methyl Chloridum (Methyl Chlorid ; Chlormethyl). 
— A highly volatile liquid, having an odor resembling 
ether. Used locally as an anesthetic in the form of a 
spray. The part is first washed thoroughly with soap 
and water, and afterward with ether to remove all fatty 
substances. 

Methyl Salicylas (Methyl Salicylate).— An artificial 
oil of wintergreen, used for the same purposes as the 



154 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

natural oil. Is less irritating to the skin when applied 
externally. 

Dose, 10 to 20 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). 

Methylene Blue. — A new remedy introduced as an 
anodyne, analgesic, antiseptic, and antiperiodic. It must 
not be confounded with methyl blue. Much used in 
carcinomatous growths. It imparts to the urine a green- 
ish color. 

Dose, by the mouth, 1 \ to 8 grains (0.09-0.52 gm.), 
in capsules ; or hypodermically, \ to 1 grain (0.002-0.06 
gm.). 

Methylene Chlorid (Chlorid of Methylene).— Used 
as a local anesthetic in the form of spray. It must not 
be confounded with methyl chlorid. 

Mezereum. — Action and Uses. — Mezereum is occa- 
sionally used internally alone, or combined with other 
drugs, as a purgative and stimulant to the skin and kid- 
neys. Externally it is a counterirritant. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Mezereum (Extractum Meze- 
rei Fluidum), 5 minims (0.3 c.c.) well diluted. 

Monsel'S Solution. See Iron. 

Morphin. See Opium. 

Morrhuse Oleum (Cod-liver Oil ; Oleum Morrhuae). 

Moschus (Musk). — Action and Uses. — Musk is a 
nerve-stimulant and antispasmodic. 

Dose. — Tincture of Musk (Tinctura Moschi), 1 to 4 
drams (3.7-15.0 c.c). It is sometimes given in the form 
of enema. 

Mustard (Sin apis). — Sinapis Alba (White Mustard) ; 
Sinapis Nigra (Black Mustard). 

Action and Uses. — Mustard is commonly used exter- 
nally as a stimulant and counterirritant. Internally, in 
small doses, taken with food it increases the appetite by 



MATERIA MEDICA. I 55 

stimulating the gastric circulation. In large doses it is 
an emetic. 

Dose, as an emetic, 1 to 4 drams (3.9-1 5-0 c.c.) in 
lukewarm water. 

Mustard Paper (Charta Sinapis) is used externally as 
a counterirritant. It should be dipped in warm water 
before applying. The home-made mustard plaster is 
preferred by many physicians because its strength can 
be more easily regulated. 

Mustard Plaster. — A mustard plaster may be made 
of pure mustard, or of mustard and flour in various 
proportions, mixed into a paste with warm water, and 
spread between two layers of muslin or soft linen rag. 
When mixed with flour the action of the mustard is 
slower, and it is not so liable to blister. The plaster is 
covered and left on from ten to twenty minutes. When 
it is removed the part is smeared with a little vaselin and 
covered with a soft cloth. While the plaster remains on 
the patient a corner should be raised from time to time 
to see that it is not blistering ; especially is this necessary 
with unconscious and paralyzed patients. For children 
4 parts of flour are mixed with 1 part of mustard ; when 
the skin is red the plaster is removed and a flaxseed- 
meal poultice applied. The action is slower, but blister- 
ing is prevented. The white of an egg and mustard 
make also a non-blistering plaster. 

When a mild counterirritant action is desired, the mus- 
tard is used in the form of a fomentation or poultice. 

Mustard fomentation consists of flannel wrung out of 
very hot water (not boiling), to the pint of which has 
been added 1 tablespoonful of mustard. It is preferable 
to make a paste of the mustard before adding it to the 
hot water, so as to prevent the formation of lumps. 



156 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Mustard should not be added to boiling water, as the 
action of the volatile oil which the mustard contains, and 
to which it owes its value, will be thereby destroyed. 

Mustard Poultice. — A mustard poultice is made by 
adding to very hot water 2 parts of mustard (all the 
lumps being first thoroughly dissolved) to 4 parts of 
flaxseed-meal. The poultice is spread and applied in 
the usual way. If the mustard be sprinkled over the 
flaxseed poultice, there is danger of burning the patient 
in patches. 

The Compound Liniment (Linimentum Sinapis Com- 
positum) is also used as a counterirritant. 

The volatile oil of mustard is used externally as a 
rubefacient. 

Myristica (Nutmeg). — Action and Uses. — Nutmeg 
is an aromatic, stomachic, and carminative. It is fre- 
quently employed in combination with other drugs to 
correct disagreeable properties. In small doses it in- 
creases the appetite and promotes digestion. In large 
doses it is a narcotic, producing stupor and delirium. 

Dose, 5 to 20 grains (0.3-1.3 gm.). 

Oil of Nutmeg (Oleum Myristicae), 1 to 5 minims 
(0.06-0.3 c.c.). 

Spirit or Essence of Nutmeg (Spiritus Myristicae). — 
Dose, 10 to 20 minims (0.6-1.2 c.c). 

Aromatic Powder (Pulvis Aromaticus), 10 to 30 grains 
(0.65-1.9 gm.). 

Myrrha (Myrrh). — Action and Uses. — Myrrh is used 
as a stimulant, expectorant, and emmenagogue. Locally 
the tincture is used as a mild stimulant and disinfectant. 

Dose. — Ti?2cture of Myrrh (Tinctura Myrrhae), 5 to 
16 minims (0.3-1.0 c.c). 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 1 57 

Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh (Tinctura Aloes et 
Myrrhae). — Dose, \ to 2 drams (1.8-7.5 c - c -)- 

Pills of Aloes and Myrrh (Pilulae Aloes et Myrrhae), 
1 to 3 pills. 

Naphtalin (Naphtalene, or Coal-tar Camphor). — 
Action and Uses. — Internally naphtalin is used as an 
intestinal antiseptic in diarrhea. 

Externally it is a powerful disinfectant and antiseptic ; 
also used as a stimulating application in certain skin- 
diseases ; it may be applied in the form of a dusting- 
powder or ointment. Its odor may be disguised by 
adding a few drops of the oil of bergamot. 

Dose for an adult, 2 to 10 grains (0.13-0.65 gm.); for 
children, \ to \ grain (0.010-0.016 gm.). It is best given 
in capsules, pill form, cachets, or in sugar. As an enema, 
the dose is 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.) in 3 ounces 
of olive oil. Locally in solutions from 1 to 50 per cent. 

Naphtol, or Beta-naphtol, is obtained from naphta- 
lene, and is used internally and externally for the same 
purposes as naphtalene. As an antiseptic solution, the 
strength used is usually 5 to 15 per cent. The strength 
of ointments is 3 to 10 per cent. Dose, 2 to 10 grains 
(0.13-0. 1 5 gm.). 

Beta-naphtol Bismuth is used for the same purpose 
as beta-naphtol. Dose, 10 to 20 grains (0.65-1.3 gm.). 

Hydronaphtol is a powerful and non-irritating antisep- 
tic, and is used internally and externally. Dose, 5 to 10 
grains (0.32-0.65 gm.), given in emulsion, wafers, or cap- 
sules. Locally it is employed in solution, ointment, or 
powder. 

Narcein (Narceina, an alkaloid of Opium). — Narcein 



158 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

resembles morphin very closely in its action, but it is 
milder and less apt to cause disagreeable after-efTects. 

Dose, \ to \ grain (0.01-0.03 gm.). 

Netirodin. — Neurodin is a tar-derivative, and is used 
as an antipyretic and antineuralgic. It is non-poisonous, 
and seldom produces disagreeable symptoms or after- 
effects. 

Dose, 10 to 20 grains (0.65-1.3 gm.). 

Niaouli Oil. — An oil from the heads of Melaleuca 
Viridiflora, resembling terpinol in composition. 

Action and Uses. — Niaouli oil is used as an expec- 
torant in bronchitis and tuberculosis. 

Dose, 2 to 5 minims (0.12-0.3 c.c), administered either 
hypodermically in olive oil, or by the mouth in capsules, 
emulsion, or glycerin. 

Nitrate of Ammonium. See Ammonium. 

Nitrate of Ethyl. See Ether. 

Nitrate of Silver. See Argentum. 

Nitrite of Arnyl. See Amy I Nitrite. 

Nitrite of Potassium. — Dose, 1 to 2 grains (0.65- 
0.32 gm.). Rarely used at present. Next to the chlo- 
rate the nitrite is the most poisonous of the potassium 
salts. 

Nitrite of Sodium resembles nitroglycerin in action, 
but is less prompt. 

Dose, 1 to 3 grains (0.65-0.13 gm.). 

Nitroglycerin (Trinitrin; Glonoin). — Action and 
Uses. — The action of nitroglycerin is similar to that 
of nitrite of amyl and other nitrites, but is more power- 
ful and its effects more enduring. It is a quickly-acting 
heart-stimulant and antispasmodic. In some people the 
use of nitroglycerin is followed by flushing of the face, 
giddiness, nausea, constriction around the forehead, di- 



MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 59 

lated pupils, a rapid pulse, and frontal headache persist- 
ing for several hours. 

Dose of the spirit, I to 2 drops (0.06-0.12 c.c.) of a 
i-per-cent. solution, in water or glycerin, or in tablets, 
each containing yj^ to ^ grain of nitroglycerin (0.00065- 
0.00032 gm.). yj-g- grain of nitroglycerin is sometimes 
added to each hypodermic injection of cocain, and, while 
it counteracts the depressing effects of the cocain, it does 
not interfere with its local anesthetic action. 

Nitrous Oxid Gas (Laughing Gas). — Action and 
Uses. — Nitrous oxid is used as an anesthetic in dentistry 
and minor surgery. It is given pure from an inhaler 
without admixture of air. Unconsciousness comes on 
in from one-half to three minutes. The face is swollen, 
livid, the pulse slow and full. Anesthesia occurs when 
blood becomes dark from the exclusion of oxygen. 
Recovery of consciousness and natural breathing occur 
in from one to three minutes without leaving any after- 
effects except a slight headache, which may persist for 
some hours. 

Nuclein. — A granular product of the leukocytes. 

Action and Uses. — Nuclein elaborates peptones for 
assimilation by various tissues of the body. By increas- 
ing the number and stimulating the white blood-cells, it 
increases the power of resistance to disease, and may be 
used in all cases of lowered vitality. It is also used as 
a gastro-intestinal antiseptic. 

Dose, 3 grains (0.19 gm.) in powder or in tablet 
form. 

Dose of solution, the strengths varying from 5 to 30 
per cent, 10 minims to 1 dram (0.6-3.7 c.c). It is 
applied locally in powder form or in solution. 

Protonuclein is a combination of nuclein obtained 



l6o PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

from various tissues of the body. Dose, same as for 
nuclein. 

Nutmeg. See Myristica. 

Nux Vomica. — The seeds of an East Indian tree, 
the Strychnos Nux Vomica. It contains two alkaloids, 
stiychnin and brucin, which resemble each other in 
action. The medicinal action of nux vomica depends 
largely on its alkaloid, strychnin. 

Action and Uses. — Nux vomica is a powerful stimu- 
lant to the spinal cord, heart, and respiration. Under 
its influence the pulse increases in force and rapidity. 
Small doses act as a bitter tonic, improving the appetite 
and stimulating intestinal peristalsis. 

The symptoms of an overdose (gr. y 1 ^) are twitching 
of the muscles of the face, arms, or legs (the twitching 
being more marked in paralyzed than in normal parts), 
slight stiffness of muscles of the neck and jaw, restless- 
ness, and anxiety. After a poisonous dose (gr. J) the 
chief symptoms are violent convulsive seizures, lasting for 
a few seconds, and followed by periods of relaxation. The 
convulsions come on more quickly in paralyzed limbs 
than in those under the control of the will. A draught of 
air, a touch, or a noise may be sufficient to excite a fresh 
attack of these seizures. The condition resembles tet- 
anus, but differs from it in the complete relaxation of 
the muscles between the paroxysms, and in the com- 
parative absence of trismus (lock-jaw). The mind, as a 
rule, remains clear to the last. Death results from ex- 
haustion or asphyxia from spasmodic arrest of the mus- 
cles of respiration. 

Treatment. — Convulsions should be controlled by 
inhalations of chloroform. The chemical antidote is 
tannic acid. The physiological antidotes are potassium 



MATERIA MEDICA. IOI 

bromid (60 grains), and chloral (20 grains), and when 
the patient is unable to swallow, these may be given by 
the rectum. While the patient is under the influence of 
the anesthetic, the stomach-pump should be employed. 
Perfect quiet should be maintained. 

Preparations and Doses. — Extract of Nux Vomica 
(Extractum Nucis Vomicae), \ to \ grain (0.01-0.016 
gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Nux Vomica (Extractum Nucis Vom- 
icae Fluidum), 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Tincture of Nux Vomica (Tinctura Nucis Vomicae), 5 
to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 c.c). See Strychnin. 

Oleum Crotonis (Croton Oil ; Oleum Tiglii). — Action 

and Uses. — Croton oil is a powerful irritant to the skin, 
causing inflammation attended with a pustular eruption 
which heals by scabbing. Internally it is a drastic ca- 
thartic, employed when a speedy evacuation of the 
bowels is necessary, as in obstinate constipation, apo- 
plexy, uremia, and acute delirium. Externally it is used 
as a counterirritant. 

Dose, 1 to 2 drops (0.06-0.12 c.c.) given in sugar, glyc- 
erin, or bread-crumb. When the patient is unconscious 
or delirious the drops should be placed on the back 
of the tongue, so that they will be swallowed involun- 
tarily. 

When applied externally, the oil is sprinkled on a 
piece of white flannel and rubbed over the part or 
allowed to remain until it is well reddened. When a 
mild action is required, it is sometimes diluted with olive 
oil or other liniments. It is also applied in the plaster 
form. 

Symptoms of poisoning are violent purging and 
11 



1 62 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

vomiting, burning pain in the throat, stomach, and ab- 
domen, and great prostration. 

Treatment. — Demulcent drinks, such as gruel, linseed 
tea, oatmeal, or milk, should be given. The stomach 
should be emptied by emetics or the stomach-pump, 
after which a cup of strong coffee should be given. 
External heat, friction, and heart-stimulants are indi- 
cated. 

Oleum Eucalypti (Oil of Eucalyptus). — Action and 
Uses. — Internally eucalyptus oil is a stimulating expec- 
torant and diuretic. Externally it is used as an anti- 
septic and local irritant. When applied to the skin and 
evaporation prevented, it acts as a vesicant. 

Dose, 5 to 1 6 minims (0.3-1.0 c.c), given in capsules 
on account of the unpleasant taste of the drug. 

Oleum Gaultherise (Oil of Gaultheria ; Oil of Win- 
tergreen). — Action and Uses. — Oil of gaultheria is 
much used in rheumatism as a substitute for salicylic 
acid, the physiological action of which it closely resem- 
bles. It is often well borne by the stomach when the 
acid or its salts cannot be tolerated. It is also an agree- 
able flavoring-agent. 

Dose, 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.9 c.c), given in capsule. 
It is also used locally as a liniment. 

Oleum Hedeomse (Oil of Hedeoma ; Oil of Penny- 
royal). — Action and Uses. — Oil of hedeoma is much 
used in amenorrhea, to promote the menstrual flow. It 
is also used in flatulent colic. 

Dose, I to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Oleum Juniperi (Oil of Juniper). — Action and Uses. 
— Oil of juniper is a diuretic, carminative, and stimulant. 
It is excreted by the kidneys, and imparts a violet odor 
to the urine. 



MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 63 

Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). See also Juniper. 

Oleum X,avandtllae (Oil of Lavender). — Action and 
Uses. — Oil of lavender has carminative and stimulant 
properties, but is chiefly used in perfume. 

Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Oleum Wni (Linseed Oil ; Oil of Flaxseed). — Action 
and Uses. — Linseed oil is used as a laxative, though 
generally it is added to a purgative enema. Externally 
it is applied to burns either alone or with lime-water. 
The objection to linseed oil as an application to burns 
is its disagreeable odor, but this can be overcome by 
adding a simple perfume. 

Dose, as a laxative, 1 to 2 ounces (30.0-60.0 c.c). 

Carron oil consists of equal parts of linseed oil and 
lime-water. 

Oleum Menthse Piperita (Oil of Peppermint). — 
Action and Uses. — Oil of peppermint is a carminative 
and an aromatic stimulant. It is used in nausea and 
flatulence as a sedative to the stomach and bowels. It 
is also used as an external remedy in neuralgia. A 
cloth wet with the oil is laid over the part and covered 
with oil-silk and a bandage to prevent evaporation, care 
being taken that the skin is not blistered. 

Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Oleum Morrhuse (Cod-liver Oil). — Action and 
Uses. — Cod-liver oil is used internally and externally 
as a nutrient and alterative in wasting diseases. It is 
applied externally by friction, and readily passes through 
the skin and is absorbed. 

Dose, 1 to 4 drams (3.9-15.0 c.c), about one hour 
after meals, either alone or mixed with some agreeable 
vehicle to conceal its taste and to prevent nausea. Many 
patients, particularly children, object to its use on account 



164 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

of its disagreeable taste and odor. It may be taken in 
milk, the oil being dropped in the center of the tumbler 
and the milk rapidly drunk without the oil touching the 
sides of the glass. In the same way it may be admin- 
istered in the froth of porter. The best cover to disguise 
the taste is the oil of bitter almond. 

Oleum Myristicse (Oil of Nutmeg).— A volatile oil 
distilled from nutmeg. It is an aromatic stimulant and 
carminative. In large doses it is a narcotic, producing 
delirium, stupor, coma, and death. 

Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Oleum Olivse (Olive Oil). — Action and Uses. — Olive 
oil is used as a laxative enema in fecal obstruction. It 
is also an antidote in corrosive poisoning, protecting the 
mucous membrane of the stomach and preventing ab- 
sorption. Externally it is applied to burns and certain 
skin-diseases, acting as a protective and excluding the 
air. It is sometimes applied to the body in the desqua- 
mative stas^e of scarlet fever to soothe the skin and to 
prevent the scales from being disseminated and carrying 
with them the contagion. When rubbed into the skin 
it is absorbed by the lymphatics and has a nutritive 
effect. 

Dose, as an enema, 4 to 6 ounces (1 20.0-1 80.0 c.c). 

Oleum Piiosplioratum (Phosphorated Oil). — This 
preparation contains phosphorus, expressed oil of 
almond, and ether, in the strength of 1 part of phos- 
phorus in 100. Each minim of the oil equals about 
yJ-q- grain of phosphorus. 

Dose, 1 to 2 minims (0.06-0.12 c.c), in capsule or 
emulsion. 

Oleum Picis I/iquidae (Oil of Tar). — A volatile oil 
distilled from tar. It is used internally and in inhala- 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 1 65 

tions as an expectorant in bronchitis. Externally it is 
used as an antiseptic and stimulating application in cer- 
tain skin-diseases. 

Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Oleum Pimentee (Oil of Pimenta ; Oil of Allspice). 
— A volatile oil distilled from pimenta. A carminative. 

Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Oleum Ricini (Castor Oil). — A fixed oil expressed 
from the seed of Ricinus Communis. 

Action and Uses. — In small doses castor oil is a 
mild laxative; in large doses it is a simple purgative, 
producing semiliquid stools within about five hours of 
its administration, whether by mouth, rectum, or as 
inunction. Catharsis is produced by stimulation of the 
muscular coat and glands of the bowel. The oil is 
absorbed and excreted by nearly all the secretions, 
including the milk, to which it imparts, when given to 
nursing women, a laxative quality. 

Dose, 1 to 8 drams (3.7-30.0 c.c). It may be given 
in flexible capsules, or with equal parts of glycerin or 
lemon-juice and flavored with some aromatic oil. A 
poultice of the leaves is sometimes applied to the 
breasts to stimulate the secretion of milk. 

Oleum Rosmarini (Oil of Rosemary). — A volatile 
oil distilled from the leaves of Rosmarinus Officmalis. 
Used as a carminative. It also enters into certain rube- 
facient liniments. 

Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Oleum Sabinae (Oil of Savin). — A volatile oil dis- 
tilled from savin. Savin oil is an emmenagogue. In 
overdoses it causes severe gastro-intestinal inflammation, 
and, in pregnant women, abortion. Death results from 
collapse. 



1 66 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Dose, 5 to io minims (0.3-0.6 c.c), in capsules or in 
emulsion. 

Oleum Santali (Sandal Wood Oil).— A stimulating 
expectorant and alterative diuretic. 

Dose, 10 to 20 minims (0.6-1.2 c.c), in capsules or 
emulsion. 

Oleum Sinapis Volatile (Volatile Oil of Mustard). 
— Oil of mustard is obtained from black mustard, and is 
used externally as a rubefacient. 

Oleum Terebinthinse (Oil of Turpentine).— A vola- 
tile oil distilled from turpentine. 

Action and Uses. — Internally, the oil of turpentine 
acts as a carminative, stimulating diuretic, cardiac stimu- 
lant, stimulating expectorant, intestinal antiseptic, and 
anthelmintic. 

Externally, applied to the skin, it is a counterirritant, 
producing redness and a burning sensation. If allowed 
to remain too long it produces vesication. Its carmina- 
tive action is obtained also locally by fomentation or 
enema. 

Dose, 5 to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 c.c); as an enema i 1 
ounce (30.0 c.c). 

For the turpentine stupe about 30 drops of turpentine 
are sprinkled over the flannel, or to 1 pint of boiling 
water there are added 3 teaspoonfuls of turpentine ; 
this solution is well mixed and the flannel put in, stirring 
all the time. The flannel is then taken out, wrung, and 
applied, the turpentine being then more evenly distrib- 
uted over the flannel. 

For internal use the rectified oil is usually prescribed. 
Turpentine is eliminated from the body by the breath, 
sweat, and urine. It imparts to the urine an odor re- 



MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 67 

sembling that of violets. Moderate doses increase the 
amount of urine. 

Symptoms of poisoning 1 are a rapid and feeble pulse, 
difficult breathing, dilated pupils, scanty albuminous and 
bloody urine, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, 
muscular relaxation, and unconsciousness. 

Treatment consists in evacuating the stomach, in the 
administration of demulcents and anodynes, and in the 
application of external heat. 

Oleum Theobromatis (Oil of Theobroma ; Cacao 
Butter). — Used as a base for suppositories. It does not 
become rancid on exposure to air. 

Opium. — The concrete milky exudation obtained 
from the unripe capsules of the white poppy. 

Action and Uses. — Opium is a diaphoretic, anodyne, 
hypnotic, hemostatic, sedative, and astringent. When 
applied to the unbroken skin it is considered by some 
authorities to have an anesthetic and anodyne action. 
In the stomach it lessens the gastric secretions and re- 
tards digestive activity, and may excite a feeling of 
nausea. The temperature is raised by small and de- 
pressed by large doses of opium. 

On the heart, opium acts as a stimulant, the pulse 
under its influence becoming moderately full, slow, and 
regular. Upon the respiratory centers it acts as a de- 
pressant. Its action in moderate doses on the intestines 
is that of an astringent and sedative, and it causes con- 
stipation from decreased secretion and peristalsis. Very 
large doses increase the peristaltic action and act as a 
purgative. 

Given by the rectum, in suppository or enema, it re- 
lieves local pain and allays irritability. The chief action 
of opium is on the brain, which it first stimulates and 



1 68 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

then depresses, producing sleep. All the secretions, with 
the exception of sweat, are lessened by opium. 

Elimination takes place through the secretions, espe- 
cially those of the stomach and kidneys. 

The after-effects of opium are headache, nausea, con- 
stipation, sometimes retention of urine, digestive disturb- 
ances, languor, loss of appetite, itching, and cutaneous 
rash. Some patients do not sleep, but experience a 
feeling of calm and happy repose, while others again 
are made very restless. 

First Stage. — After a large dose the heart's action is 
increased, the pupils are slightly contracted, and the 
surface of the skin is warm and flushed. There is a 
sense of comfort and exhilaration similar to that of mild 
intoxication, and this in turn is followed by deep sleep. 

Second Stage. — When an overdose has been taken, the 
symptoms are deep sleep, a very slow pulse, slow respira- 
tions, minutely contracted pupils, dry skin, and muscular 
relaxation. During this stage the patient can generally 
be roused by shaking or pinching him, by flicking him 
with a wet towel, or by shouting in his ear. Death, as a 
rule, does not occur in this stage of opium-poisoning. 

In the third stage, which rapidly follows, the sleep 
passes into profound coma; the pupils are minutely 
contracted, but dilate just before death; the skin is cold 
and covered with perspiration ; the face is livid and cya- 
nosed ; the respirations are very slow, irregular, and shal- 
low, sometimes falling to four or five a minute ; the pulse 
is slow and feeble, but as the end approaches it becomes 
more rapid. Death occurs from failure of the respira- 
tions, the latter ceasing before the heart-beats. 

Treatment of Poisoning". — Empty the stomach by 
means of emetics or the stomach-pump, and give hot 



MATERIA MEDICA. 1 69 

black coffee by the mouth or the rectum. The patient 
must be roused from stupor and kept awake by being 
flicked with a wet towel or by being walked about the 
room between two attendants. Mustard plasters should 
be applied to different parts of the body, and the patient 
kept warm throughout the treatment. Respiratory 
stimulants must be given, and, if necessary, artificial 
respiration practised. The chemical antidotes are tan- 
nic acid and potassium permanganate. The physiolog- 
ical antidotes are strychnin, atropin, and caffein. Cathet- 
erization should be practised to prevent re-absorption of 
the poison. 

The minimum fatal dose known is 1 minim of the 
tincture of opium in a child, and \ grain of morphin in 
an adult. The largest known quantity taken in twenty- 
four hours is 48 grains. 

Differential Diagnosis. — As opium-poisoning is often 
mistaken for intoxication or for apoplexy when the 
patient is found in the street, it will be well for the nurse 
to remember that in apoplexy there is unconsciousness, 
stertorous breathing, and paralysis, the movements of 
the patient being confined to the sound side of the body ; 
the pupils of the eyes may be found contracted or dilated 
or uneven. This contraction denotes irritation, and the 
dilatation denotes compression of the brain. In opium- 
poisoning the odor of opium on the breath may be dis- 
guised by that of alcohol given to the patient by some 
bystander, but the pupils are very narrowly contracted — 
the size of a pin's head ; there is unconsciousness, but no 
paralysis. In intoxication the pupils are moderately di- 
lated, dilating still more as the patient comes to his 
senses. The pulse is full and soft, and the body is warm. 
The smell of alcohol on the breath is of no assistance in 



170 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

determining the condition of the patient, as spirituous 
liquor may have been given by the first person who 
found the unconscious patient. 

Children and old people are very susceptible to the 
narcotic action of opium. Women are more easily af- 
fected than men, and more apt to have nausea and head- 
ache after taking it. Sometimes the nausea is only felt 
on rising, and not at all while the patient is lying down. 
Atropin (gr. T \-^) is sometimes given with opium to pre- 
vent vomiting and depression. 

When giving opium or morphin the nurse must not 
repeat the dose unless there is a distinct indication for 
it, as a habit of taking the drug is easily acquired. 

Preparations of Opium. 

Powdered Opium (Pulvis Opii). — Dose, \ to 2 grains 
(0.03-0.13 gm.). 

Extract of Opium (Extractum Opii). — Dose, \ to 1 
grain (0.016-0.065 gm.). 

Dover's Powder (Pulvis Ipecacuanhas et Opii) con- 
tains ipecac 1 grain, opium 1 grain, and sugar of milk 8 
grains. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 

Liquid Extract of Opium (Extractum Opii Liquidum). 
— Dose, 5 to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 c.c). 

Wine of Opium (Vinum Opii).— Dose, 10 to 20 min- 
ims (0.6-1.2 c.c). 

Laudanum (Tinctura Opii). — Dose, 10 to 20 minims 
(0.6-1.2 c.c). Ten minims equal to 20 drops. Eleven 
minims or 22 drops are equal to opium I grain, or mor- 
phin \ grain. 

Deodorized Tincture of Opium (Tinctura Opii Deod- 
orata). — Dose, 10 to 20 minims (0.6-1.2 c.c). Is less 
nauseating than laudanum. Ten minims equal to 20 



MATERIA ME DIC A. 171 

drops. Eleven minims or 22 drops are equal to opium 
1 grain, or morphin \ grain. 

Paregoric (Camphorated Tincture ; Tinctura Opii 
Camphorata). — Dose, for an adult, J to 4 drams (1.8- 15.0 
c.c.) ; for an infant, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c.) ; for chil- 
dren, 5 to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 c.c); J ounce contains 
about 1 grain of powdered opium. 

Tincture of Ipecac and Opium (Tinctura Ipecacuan- 
has et Opii). — Dose, 5 to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 c.c). 

Squibb's Diarrhea Mixture (Tinctura Opii Compos- 
ita) contains opium, spirits of camphor, tincture of cap- 
sicum, and alcohol. Dose, for adults, 1 dram (3.7 c.c); 
for children, 5 to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 c.c); for infants, I 
to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Troches of Opium. (Trochisci Opii). — Dose, 1 to 4; 
each troche contains opium -^ grain. 
Opium Plaster (Emplastrum Opii). 
Opium Liniment (Linimentum Opii) contains equal 
parts of tincture of opium and soap liniment. 

Opium Enema (Enema Opii) contains f dram of tinct- 
ure of opium and 2 ounces of boiled starch. 

The alkaloids of opium are morphin, codein, narcein, 
narcotin, thebain, and papaverin. Of these, the first two 
are the most important. 

Morphin (Morphina). — Morphin is the chief al- 
kaloid, and has an action similar to that of opium. 
It is much used for the relief of pain, because it acts 
more quickly than opium and is less constipating. 
Sulphate of atropin (grain y^) is often given with 
morphin, to avoid nausea and depression. 

Compared with opium, morphin is less stimulating 
to the heart and brain, is less narcotic, but its effects 
last longer ; it lowers the temperature, causes more 



iy2 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

itching, is less nauseating, and contracts the bladder 
more than opium. 

Preparations. — Morphin Acetate (Morphinae Ace- 
tas). — Dose, \ to J grain (0.008-0.032 gm.). 

Morphin Sulphate (Morphinae Sulphas). — Dose, ± 
to I grain (0.008-0.032 gm.). 

Solution of Sulphate of Morphin (Liquor Mor- 
phinae Sulphatis). — Dose, 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 cc). 
It contains 1 grain of morphin to 1 ounce of water. 

Magendifs Solution of Morphin contains 1 6 grains 
of sulphate of morphin to 1 fluid ounce of distilled 
water. This is unofficial, and must not be mis- 
taken for the Liq?wr Morphi7ice Sulphatis, which 
contains only 1 grain of sulphate of morphin to 1 
fluid ounce of water. Magendie's solution should 
be prepared in very small quantities, as it loses 
strength on keeping, owing to the development of 
a fungoid growth. The solution should be kept in 
a well-stoppered bottle and in a dark place. 

Solution of Bimeconate of Morphin (Liquor Mor- 
phinae Bimeconatis). — Dose, 5 to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 
cc). 

Tulfy's Powder (Compound Powder of Morphin ; 
Pulvis Morphinae Compositus). — Dose, 5 to 10 grains 
(0.32-0.65 gm.). It is used as a substitute for Dover's 
powder, and contains camphor, licorice, calcium car- 
bonate, and morphin sulphate, 10 grains containing 
\ grain of morphin sulphate. 

Troches of Morphin and Ipecac (Trochisci Mor- 
phinae et Ipecacuanhae). — Each contains about ^ 
grain of morphin. Dose, 1 to 3 ; expectorant and 
anodyne. 

Co&ein. — Codein resembles morphin somewhat 



MATERIA MEDICA. 1 73 

in its action, but it is less powerful. It has an ano- 
dyne and slightly hypnotic effect. It is not consti- 
pating, and there is little danger of forming a habit. 
Dose, J to 2 grains (0.032-0.13 gm.). 

Thebain (Paramorphin). — Thebain has no nar- 
cotic action, but resembles strychnin in its action. 
Orexin. — A derivative of chinolin, with a bitter, pun- 
gent taste. 

Action and Uses. — Orexin is a stomachic tonic, pro- 
moting the appetite and digestion. It is used with much 
success in the vomiting of pregnancy. 

Dose, 3 grains (0.2 gm.) before meals, in capsules or 
wafers. 

Orthin. — A derivative of phenylhydrazin. Used as 
an antipyretic. 

Dose, 5 to 8 grains (0.30-0.50 gm.). 
Ouabain. — The glucosidal principle of the Onabdio 
plant. It is said to be obtained also from the seeds of 
Strophanthus Glabrus. 

Action and Uses. — The action of ouabain is similar 
to that of strophanthin. It is used as a cardiac tonic, 
antispasmodic, and diuretic. It is to some extent a local 
anesthetic to the cornea and conjunctiva. 

Dose, for an adult, z fa to -^-q grain (0.00012-0.00025 
gm.) ; for a child, xinnF g ra ^ n (0.00004 g m 0- 
Oxalic Acid. See Acids. 
Oxid of £inc. See Zinc. 

Pancreatiti. — A ferment prepared from the pancreas 
of the pig. It digests fibrin in alkaline solution, converts 
starch into sugar, dissolves the casein of sugar, and 
emulsifies fats. 

Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.). 



174 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Papayotinum (Papayotin ; Papain). — A digestive fer- 
ment obtained from Carica Papaya. It digests fibrin 
and albumen in liquids which may be acid, alkaline, or 
neutral. It acts more rapidly than pepsin and at a 
higher temperature. It is also used locally in a 5-per- 
cent, solution to dissolve the fibrinous membrane in 
diphtheria and croup. 

Dose, 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 gm.). 

Paraldehyd. — This compound appears as a clear 
colorless liquid, with a disagreeable ethereal odor and 
burning taste. It is an excellent hypnotic ; its disad- 
vantages, however, are its odor and taste, and its ten- 
dency to disorder the stomach. 

Dose, J to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c.c.) in capsule or aromatic 
elixir. 

Pareira (Pareira Brava). — The root of the Chondo- 
dendron Tomentosum, a South American plant. It is 
used as a stimulant diuretic in inflammations of the gen- 
ito-urinary tract. 

Dose, Fluid Extract of Pareira (Extractum Pareirae 
Fluidum), \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 

Pelletierinse Tannas (Pelletierin Tannate). — The 
tannate of an alkaloid obtained from the bark of pome- 
granate trees. 

Action and Uses. — Pelletierin is a vermifuge, and is 
very efficient in destroying the tape-worm. 

Dose, 5 to 8 grains (0.32-0.52 gm.). 

PepO (Pumpkin Seed). — Action and Uses. — Pepo is 
an efficient vermifuge against the tape-worm, and is not 
followed by unpleasant symptoms. It is usually given 
on an empty stomach and followed by a cathartic. 

Dose, 2 ounces in emulsion (62.0 gm.). 

Pepsin (Pepsinum). — A ferment obtained from the 



MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 75 

glandular layer of the fresh stomach of the pig. It is 
the digestive ferment of the gastric juice, and used with 
hydrochloric acid it carries out the digestive action of 
the stomach. It should be capable of digesting 3000 
times its own weight of albumen. 

Dose, 10 to 60 grains (0.65-3.9 gm.), after meals. 

Saccharated Pepsin (Pepsinum Saccharatum). — Pep- 
sin mixed with powdered sugar of milk. Dose, 20 to 30 
grains (1.3-1.9 gm.). 

Petrolatum X,iquidum (Liquid Petroleum). — Used 
locally in the form of a spray as a soothing application 
in the treatment of inflammation of the nose, throat, and 
larynx. 

Petrolatum Molle (Soft Petroleum ; Vaselin ; Cos- 
molin). — A mixture of hydrocarbons prepared from pe- 
troleum. 

Action and Uses. — Petrolatum is used externally as 
a protective dressing in skin-diseases, and as a basis for 
ointments. Internally it is used to allay irritation of the 
mucous membranes. It does not become rancid. 

Petrolatum Spissum (Hard Petroleum Ointment). 
— Used locally and as a basis for ointments. 

Phenacetin. — A derivative of coal-tar. 

Action and Uses. — Phenacetin is an antipyretic, anal- 
gesic, and nervous sedative. As an antipyretic it is not 
so rapid in its action as antifebrin, but is more prolonged. 

Dose, 10 to 15 grains (0.65-1.0 gm.). 

Phenacetin should not be taken without the advice of 
a physician, because large doses have a depressing action 
on the heart, and, although some persons can take 1 5 
to 20 grains without experiencing any ill effects, death 
has resulted from much smaller doses. 

Overdoses cause vomiting, hurried respiration, som- 



176 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

nolence, cyanosis, muscular relaxation, and ultimate 
paralysis of respiration and heart. 

Phenalgin. — An ammoniated synthetic coal-tar prod- 
uct. A fine white powder with a pungent odor and slight 
taste. 

Action and Uses. — Phenalgin is an anodyne, hypnotic, 
and antipyretic. 

Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.), given in powder, 
tablet, or capsule. 

Phenasone (Phenazonum). See Antipyrin. 

Phenidin. — Action and Uses. — Phenidin is allied to 
phenacetin, and is said to be a valuable analgesic. 

Dose, 10 to 15 grains (0.65-1.0 gm.). 

Phenocoll Hydrochlorate. — A compound closely 
allied to phenacetin. 

Action and Uses. — Phenocoll is said to be an anti- 
pyretic and antiseptic. It is also applied locally in 
wounds and cutaneous eruptions. 

Dose, 10 to 15 grains (0.65-1.0 gm.) in powdered 
form, in capsules, or in aqueous solutions. 

For local use it is employed in solutions of the 
strength of from 5 to 10 per cent., or in ointment in 
the strength of 20 per cent. 

Phenol (Carbolic Acid). See Carbolic Acid. 

Phenyl Salicylate. See Salol. 

Phenyl Urethane. See Urethane. 

Phosphorus. — Phosphorus is a non-metallic element 
derived from bones. It has a characteristic garlicky 
odor and taste. 

Action and Uses. — Phosphorus is used as a tonic, 
alterative, nerve-stimulant, and producer of bone. It is 
frequently employed in functional diseases of the nervous 



MATERIA MEDICA. 1 77 

system and in rickets. In large doses it acts as a cor- 
rosive poison. 

Dose, y^j- to ■£$ grain (0.0006-0.0013 gm.). 

Symptoms of Poisoning*. — The symptoms, which 
may not appear for several hours after the ingestion 
of the drug, are a garlicky odor to breath, the taste of 
phosphorus in the mouth, burning pain in the esoph- 
agus, stomach, and abdomen, violent vomiting and purg- 
ing. The discharges, if seen in the dark, are luminous. 
At the end of twenty-four or thirty-six hours the symp- 
toms abate ; but they soon reappear, and are followed by 
vomiting of altered blood (" coffee grounds "), white, 
clay-like stools, jaundice, delirium, convulsions, coma, 
and death. 

Treatment. — The best emetic is sulphate of copper. 
The antidotes are peroxid of hydrogen and potassium 
permanganate. These drugs should be followed by 
demulcents. As phosphorus is soluble in oil, all oily 
substances must be withheld. 

Preparations of Phosphorus. — Elixir of Phosphorus 
(Elixir Phosphori). — Dose, J to I dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 

Phosphorated Oil (Oleum Phosphoratum). — Dose, 1 to 
2 minims (0.06-0.12 c.c). One minim equals y-j-g- grain 
of phosphorus. 

Phosphid of Zinc (Zinci Phosphidum). — Dose, -^ to -^ 
grain (0.0026-0.0054 gm.). 

Calcium Phosphate. — This salt exists normally in all 
the tissues of the body, consequently it is an important 
nutrient. It is to this salt that bone owes its hardness. 
Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.65 gm.). 

Precipitated Calcium Phosphate (Calcii Phosphas Prae- 
cipitatus). — Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.65 gm.). 



12 



178 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Pills of Phosphorus (Pilulae Phosphori). — Dose, 1. 
Each pill contains -j-J-g- grain of phosphorus. 

Preparations of Phosphites. — Calcii Hypophosphis, 
Ferri Hypophosphis, Potassii Hypophosphis, Sodii Hypo- 
phospJiis. Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.). 

Physostigma (Calabar Bean). — Action and Uses. — 
Calabar bean contains two alkaloids, calabarin and phy- 
sostigmin or eserin. The latter is the more important. 
Physostigma is used to depress the spinal cord, to con- 
tract the pupil, and to stimulate peristalsis. It is a valu- 
able remedy in the treatment of the convulsions of tet- 
anus and strychnin-poisoning. It is much used in oph- 
thalmological practice as a myotic. 

Symptoms of Poisoning. — Giddiness, contracted 
pupils, tremors, muscular relaxation, and asphyxia. 

Treatment. — This consists in the use of tannin, the 
chemical antidote, of atropin, the physiological antidote, 
and of external heat. 

Dose. — Extract of Physostigma (Extractum Physos- 
tigmatis); -^ to \ grain (0.004-0.008 gm.). 

Tincture of Physostigma (Tinctura Physostigmatis), 5 
to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 c.c). 

Physostigmin Salicylate (Eserin Salicylate; Physos- 
tigiminse Salicylas). — An alkaloid of physostigma. Dose, 
rio to to" S rain (0.00043-0.0064 gm.). 

Physostigmince Sulphas (Eserin Sulphate). — Dose, yj-g- 
to j^q grain (0.00043-0.0064 gm.). Both these salts 
are used locally by ophthalmologists, in the solution of 
from 1 to 4 grains to 1 ounce of water. (See Eserin) 
They are used in the treatment of affections of the eye, 
and also to counteract the effects of atropin on the 
pupil. 

Lamellce Physostigmince (Disks of Physostigmin). — 



MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 79 

Gelatin disks with glycerin to prevent them becoming- 
hard and dry. Each contains j-fa$ g ranl of physostig- 
min and weighs about fa grain. They are inserted 
under the lower eyelid, and are a convenient form in 
which to use the drug for ophthalmic purposes. 

Phytolacca Fruit (Phytolacca Fructus); Phyto- 
lacca Bacca (Poke-berry) ; Phytolacca Root (Phy- 
tolacca^ Radix ; Poke Root). — Action and Uses. — Phy- 
tolacca is an alterative, purgative, and mild narcotic. 

Dose. — Phytolacca Fruit, 1 to 30 grains in infusion 
(0.065-0.32 gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Phytolacca Root (Extractum Phyto- 
lacca^ Radicis Fluidum), 1 to 30 minims (0.06-1.8 c.c). 
Large doses cause vomiting, purging, vertigo, great 
depression, and sometimes convulsions. 

Picrotoxin (Picrotoxinum). — Action and Uses. — 
Picrotoxin is used as an antispasmodic and in control- 
ling the night-sweats of phthisis. Locally it is some- 
times used in parasitic skin-diseases. 

Dose, -fa to fa grain (0.001-0.0016 gm.). 

Locally, it is used in the form of an ointment in the 
strength of 10 grains to the ounce. It must be carefully 
applied, as it is readily absorbed. 

Picrotoxin is very poisonous in large doses, producing 
muscular twitching, slowing of the pulse and respiration, 
stupor, delirium, epileptiform convulsions, coma, and 
death by paralysis of the heart. 

Pills. — Pills of Aloes (Pilulae Aloes). — A laxative 
and purgative. Dose, 1 to 3. 

Pills of Aloes and Asafetida (Pilulae Aloes et Asa- 
foetidae). — Laxative, stimulant, and carminative. Dose, 1 
to 3. 



l8o PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Pills of Aloes and Iron (Pilulae Aloes et Ferri). — 
Laxative and tonic. Dose, i to 3. 

Pills of Aloes and Mastich (Pilulae Aloes et Mas- 
tiches ; Lady Webster Dinner Pills). — Laxative. They 
may be given before meals or at bed-time. Dose, 1 to 3. 

Pills of Aloes and Myrrh (Pilulae Aloes et Myrrhae). 
— Cathartic and emmenagogue. Dose, 1 to 3. These 
pills are often called " Rufus Pills." 

Compound Pills of Antimony (Pilulae Antimonii 
Compositae ; Plummer's Pills). — Alterative. Dose, 1 
to 2. 

Compound Pills of Asafetida (Pilulae Asafcetidae 
Compositae). — Antispasmodic and emmenagogue. Dose, 
1 to 3. 

Compound Cathartic Pills (Pilulae Catharticae Com- 
positae). — Dose, 1 to 3. 

Pills of Carbonate of Iron (Pilulae Ferri Carbonatis). 
— Emmenagogue and tonic. Dose, 1 to 3. 

Pills of Opium (Pilulae Opii). — Dose, 1. Each pill 
contains 1 grain of powdered opium. 

Pills of Morphin (Pilulae Morphinae). — Dose, 1. Each 
pill contains \ to \ grain of morphin. 

Pills of Phosphorus (Pilulae Phosphori). — Dose, 1 or 
2. Each pill contains about y^- grain of phosphorus. 

Compound Pill of Soap (Pilula Saponis Composita). 
— A convenient method for administering opium without 
the patient's knowledge. Dose, 1. Each pill contains 1 
grain of opium. 

Pilocarpus (Jaborandi). — Action and Uses. — Jabo- 
randi is a powerful diaphoretic and sialagogue. It 
lowers the temperature through its depressant effect 
upon the nerve-centers and the circulatory system. In 
small doses if the patient be kept cool, it is a diuretic. 



MATERIA MEDIC A. l8l 

The perspiration and salivation begin about ten minutes 
after a dose of from 60 to 90 grains of the infusion has 
been taken. The perspiration begins on the face and 
rapidly spreads over the whole body. The secretion is 
very profuse, the perspiration sometimes amounting to 
from 10 to 15 ounces, and the saliva from 10 to 30 ounces. 
These symptoms last from three to five hours, leaving 
the patient in a more or less exhausted condition. 
During or after the sweating there may be nausea and 
vomiting. The temperature falls from 1 to 10 degrees, 
the respirations are lowered, and the pulse, which is at 
first increased, later becomes slow and weak. The se- 
cretions of the eyes and nose are also increased. A 
patient taking jaborandi for its diaphoretic action should 
be placed between blankets and carefully watched until 
the effects have passed away. The depression should 
be met with external heat, and stimulants, if necessary. 

Dose, J to 1 dram, in infusion (1.9-3.9 gm.). 

Fluid Exti'act of Pilocarpus (Extractum Pilocarpi 
Fluidum), \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c 0- This preparation 
is more prompt in action and more pleasant to take than 
the infusion. 

Pilocarpin Hydrochlorate (Pilocarpinae Hydrochloras). 
— The hydrochlorate of an alkaloid obtained from pilo- 
carpus. 

Pilocarpin is more prompt in its action than jaborandi, 
and is less apt to cause nausea and vomiting. It is also 
used by oculists as a myotic, instead of eserin. Dose, •§■ 
to J- grain hypodermically (0.008-0.032 gm.) ; J to \ 
grain by mouth (0.016-0.032 gm.). 

Nitrate of Pilocarpi?i (Pilocarpinae Nitras) is used for 
the same purposes as the hydrochlorate and in the same 
doses. 



1 82 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Pipera^in. — This compound is obtained by the action 
of ammonia on bromid of ethylene. It is used as a diu- 
retic and as a solvent for uric acid. It should be admin- 
istered in large draughts of water. 

Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.65 gm.). 

Piscidia Brythrina (Jamaica Dogwood). — Action 
and Uses. — Piscidia is used as a mild anodyne and hyp- 
notic. Its properties are said to resemble those of 
opium. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Piscidia Erythrina (Extractum 
Piscidiae Erythrinae Fluidum), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Pix I/iqtiida (Tar). — Action and Uses. — Tar is used 
internally and externally as a stimulant to the skin and 
mucous membranes. It is also antiseptic and deodorant, 
and resembles the turpentines in its effects on the 
mucous membranes, but is less irritating and more 
antiseptic. 

Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.032-0.65 gm.). 

Preparations. — Oil of Tar (Oleum Picis Liquidae), I 
to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). It is also used externally. 

Syrup of Tar (Syrupus Picis Liquidae), 1 to 2 drams 
(3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Wine of Tar (Vinum Picis), I to 4 ounces (30-120 c.c). 

Tar Ointment (Unguentum Picis Liquidae) is used ex- 
ternally in certain skin-diseases. 

Tar Water. — This preparation is made by shaking 1 
part of tar with 4 parts of water frequently during twenty- 
four hours, decanting, and filtering. Dose, \ to I pint a day. 

Plumbum. See Lead. 

Podophyllum (May-Apple). — Action and Uses. — 
Podophyllum is a cholagogue and laxative. In large 
doses it is a purgative. In overdoses it is an irritant 
poison. 



Materia medic a. 183 

Dose, 2 to 20 grains (0.1 3-1.3 gm.). 

Extract of Podophyllum (Extractum Podophylli), \ to 
5 grains (0.032-0.32 gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Podophyllum (Extractum Podophylli 
Fluidum), 2 to 20 minims (0.1 2-1.2 c.c). 

Podophyllin. — A resin of podophyllum. Used as a 
laxative and purgative. Dose, -^ to ^ grain (0.003- 
0.006 gm.) as a laxative ; ^ to \ grain (0.006-0.032 
gm.) as a purgative. 

Pomegranate. See Granatum. 

Poppy Capsules (Papaveris Capsulse). — The nearly 
ripe dried capsules of the white poppy. 

Action and Uses. — Poppy heads are said to act in a 
similar manner to opium, but are much weaker. The 
decoction is much used externally in the form of fomen- 
tation to allay pain. 

Dose, Extract (Extractum Papaveris), 2 to 5 grains 
(0.13-0.32 gm.). 

Syrup (Syrupus Papaveris), 1 to 4 drams (3.7-15.0 
c.c). 

The decoction for external use is made by boiling for 
ten minutes 2 ounces of the capsules in 1 \ pints of water, 
straining, and making up to 1 pint (by boiling the liquid 
evaporates so that it is necessary to add more water to 
make up the pint). 

Potassium. — Potassium is represented by a number 
of official salts ; the metal itself is not used medicinally. 

Preparations of Potassium. 

Nitrate of Potassium (Potassii Nitras ; Saltpetre). — 
An antiseptic, diuretic, diaphoretic. Dose, 5 to 15 grains 
(0.32-1.0 gm.). 

Nitrate of Potassium Paper (Charta Potassii Nitra- 



184 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

tis). — Unsized paper soaked in a solution of nitrate of 
potassium and dried. The fumes from the burning 
paper are inhaled in asthma. 

Potassa (Caustic Potash; Lye). — This preparation 
appears as grayish-white pencils or fused masses, and 
is used externally as a powerful and quickly-acting caus- 
tic. When applying the caustic the surrounding parts 
should be first protected by a piece of adhesive plaster, 
with an opening in its center a little smaller than the 
size of the part to be cauterized. The caustic, slightly 
wetted, is then rubbed on the part until it assumes a 
grayish color; the plaster is then removed, and the 
caustic washed off with equal parts of vinegar and water. 
The application is very painful. 

Symptoms of Poisoning. — Severe burning pain in the 
throat, stomach, and abdomen, violent vomiting and 
purging of bloody material, and collapse. 

The treatment consists in the use of mild vegetable 
acids, such as vinegar or lemon-juice, to neutralize the 
poison. Vomiting should then be encouraged, and fol- 
lowed with olive oil, milk, and other demulcent drinks, 
to soothe the mucous membrane. External heat and 
stimulants may be indicated. 

Potassium Acetate (Potassii Acetas). — A diuretic, 
antacid, and, in large doses, a cathartic. Dose, 10 to 60 
grains (0.65-3.9 gm.). 

Potassium Bicarbonate (Potassii Bicarbonas ; Saler- 
atus). — Its action is similar to that of the carbonate, but 
is milder and more acceptable to the stomach. Dose, 10 
to 60 grains (0.65-3.9 gm.). 

Potassium Bitartrate (Potassii Bitartras ; Cream of 
Tartar). — A diuretic and cathartic. A pleasant refrig- 
erant drink is made by dissolving 1 dram in a pint of 



MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 85 

boiling water, and adding half of a fresh lemon-peel and 
some sugar. 

Cream of tartar whey is made by adding 1 dram of 
the salt to \ pint of milk. Dose, 10 to 60 grains (0.65- 

3-9 g m -)- 

Potassium Bromid. See Bromids. 

Potassium Carbonate (Potassii Carbonas). — Used as 
an antacid, diuretic, and antilithic. In large doses it is a 
corrosive poison. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 

Potassium Chlorate (Potassii Chloras). — Used locally 
in solution as an alterative and stimulant to mucous 
membranes and ulcerated surfaces. Dose, 2 to 10 grains 
(0.13-0.65 gm.). As a wash, from 2 to 4 drams to 1 
pint of water. The action of the heart and kidneys 
should be carefully watched. 

In overdoses, chlorate of potassium is an irritant poi- 
son, producing violent vomiting and diarrhea, failure of 
the heart's action, and cyanosis. Death may occur with 
convulsions or coma. Chlorate of potassium should 
not be used without the advice of a physician on account 
of its irritant and poisonous properties. 

Potassium Citrate (Potassii Citras). — Used as a 
refrigerant, diaphoretic, and diuretic, to lessen the alka- 
linity of the urine. Dose, 10 to 31 grains (0.65-2.0 gm.). 

Potassium Cyanid (Potassii Cyanidum). — Cyanid of 
potassium has the same action as hydrocyanic acid, and 
may be substituted for it. The symptoms and treatment 
of poisoning are the same as in hydrocyanic acid. Dose, 
■h to TO" g rain (0.0032-0.0065 gm.). 

Potassium Iodid. See Iodids. 

Potassium Permanganate. See Manganese. 

Potassium and Sodium Tartrate (Potassii et Sodii 
Tartras; Rochelle Salt). — A mild saline purgative. It 



1 86 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

is also an ingredient of Seidlitz powders. Dose, i to 4 
drams. It may be given in very hot water with a few 
drops of tincture of ginger, or in Seltzer water. It 
should be given on an empty stomach. 

Potassium Tellurate. — A new salt of potassium, 
used to lessen the night-sweats of phthisis. Dose, \ 
to 1 grain (0.032-0.065 gm.). 

Solution of Potassa (Liquor Potassae). — Used as an 
antacid, diuretic, and antilithic. Externally it is used as 
a stimulant lotion. Dose, 5 to 30 minims (0.3-1.8 gm.), 
well diluted. 

Solution of Potassium Arsenite (Fowler's Solution). 
See Arsenic. 

Solution of Potassium Citrate (Liquor Potassii Ci- 
tratis). — Used as a refrigerant, diaphoretic, and antacid. 
Dose, 1 to 8 drams (3.7-30.0 c.c). 

Troches of Potassium Chlorate (Trochisci Potassii 
Chloratis). — Dose, 1. Each troche contains 5 grains of 
potassium chlorate. 

Pninum (Prune). — Action and Uses. — Prunes are 
nutritious, demulcent, and laxative. When taken in ex- 
cess they are apt to cause griping, distress in the stom- 
ach, and flatulence, owing to the indigestibility of their 
skins. 

Primus Virginiana (Wild Cherry). — Action and 
Uses. — Prunus Virginiana is a stomachic, tonic, and 
sedative. It is also a vehicle for cough-mixtures. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Prunus Virginiana (Extrac- 
tum Pruni Virginians Fluidum), \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 
c.c). 

Infusion of Prunus Virginiana (Infusum Pruni Vir- 
ginianae), 4 to 8 drams (15.0-30.0 c.c). 



MATERIA MEDICA. 1 87 

Syrup of Prunus Virginia?ia (Syrupus Pruni Virgini- 
anae), J to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 

Pulsatilla. — The herb, collected soon after flower- 
ing, of A?iemo?ie Pulsatilla and Anemo?ie Pratensis. 

Action and Uses. — Pulsatilla is said to be an altera- 
tive and emmenagogue. Locally it is an irritant. It is 
chiefly used by homeopathic physicians. It contains an 
active principle, anemonin. 

Dose. — Extract of Pulsatilla (Extractum Pulsatillas), 
J to I grain (0.032-0.065 gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Pulsatilla (Extractum Pulsatillas Flu- 
idum), 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Anemonin, the alkaloid principle of Anemone Pulsatilla, 
is used as an anodyne. Dose, ^ to J grain (0.0054- 
0.032 gm.). 

Pyoktanin (Methyl Blue, or Methyl Violet).— Ac- 
tion and Uses. — Pyoktanin is said to be an analgesic, 
but it is more frequently used externally as an antiseptic 
and disinfectant. It occurs in two colors, blue and yel- 
low, the latter being used only in ophthalmic practice. 
Both substances are light and odorless ; the only disad- 
vantage attending their employment is the fact that they 
stain everything with which they come in contact. The 
stains may, however, be readily removed by alcohol. 

Dose, I to 5 grains (0.065-0.3 gm.). Hypodermic- 
ally, f minim of a 2-per-cent solution. Large doses may 
cause nausea, headache, diarrhea, and violent gastro- 
intestinal irritation. 

For local use it may be employed in the powdered 
form, as a 1:10 and 2-per-cent. dusting-powder, or 2-per- 
cent, ointment, or in solutions in the strength of from 
1 : 100 to 1 : 3000. 

Pencils of pyoktanin are also used locally. 



1 88 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Pyrethmm (Pellitory).— Action and Uses.— Pelli- 
tory is used internally as a sialagogue, and locally as a 
stimulant to mucous membranes. 

Dose, 30 to 60 grains (1.9-3.9 gm.). 

Ti7icture of Pyrethrum (Tinctura Pyrethri) is used 
locally. 

Pyridili. — Action and Uses. — Pyridin is a base found 
in tobacco-smoke and coal-tar naphtha. It is a colorless 
liquid with a powerful and persistent odor. It has been 
used as an antiseptic and germicide. The inhalation of 
its fumes has been found of value in asthma, about a 
dram of the drug being exposed upon a plate, in a small 
closed room, in which the patient remains for half an 
hour. 

In toxic doses pyridin produces cyanosis, muscular 
relaxation, and asphyxia. 

Pyrogallol (Pyrogallic Acid). — Action and Uses. — 
Pyrogallol is used externally, in the form of a 5- to 10- 
per-cent. ointment, in parasitic skin-disease. It stains 
the skin and clothing. A solution of pyrogallol in flex- 
ible collodion of the strength of from 10 to 30 grains to 
the ounce is sometimes used, and does not stain. It is 
a powerful caustic, and when applied to a raw surface 
may cause severe pain and irritation. It may also be 
absorbed from the unbroken skin and cause general poi- 
soning, the symptoms of which are headache, vomiting, 
diarrhea, chills, a greenish hue of the skin, dark-brown 
colored urine, rapid pulse and respiration, restlessness, 
coma, and death. 

Quassia. — The wood of Picrcsna Excelsa. — Action 
and Uses. — Quassia is a bitter tonic, increasing the 
appetite and stimulating digestion. A cup made of the 



MATERIA MEDICA. 1 89 

wood is sold under the name of quassia, or bitter cup, 
which, when filled with water and allowed to stand for a 
time, imparts to the water its active principle. An infu- 
sion is used in the form of enema for the destruction of 
thread-worms. 

Dose. — Extract of Quassia (Extractum Quassiae), 1 to 
3 grains (0.065-0.195 gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Quassia (Extractum Quassiae Flu- 
idum), 5 to 10 minims (0.3-0.6 c.c). 

Tincture of Quassia (Tinctura Quassiae), \ to 1 dram 
(1.8-3.7 c.c). 

Infusion of Quassia (Infusum Quassiae), I to 3 ounces 
(30.0-90.0 c.c). As an enema, J to 1 pint (236.5-473.0 
c.c). The infusion is made by adding 2 drams of the 
chips to 1 pint of cold water, allowing it to stand half 
an hour, and then straining. 

Quassin. — A bitter principle extracted from quassia. 
It is used as a bitter tonic and stimulant to digestion. 

Dose, g*0- to \ grain (0.002-0.02 gm.). 

Quercus Alba (White Oak). — Action and Uses. — 
Quercus alba is used externally as an astringent. It 
slightly stains the clothing. It is used in the form of an 
infusion (1 ounce to the pint). 

Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.), in infusion. 

Quicksilver. See Mercury. 

Quinidin; Tannate of Quinidin. — An alkaloid 
from the bark of several species of cinchona. It is 
almost tasteless. It is used as a tonic and astringent. 

Dose, 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 gm.). 

Quinidin Sulphate (Quinidinae Sulphas). — The sul- 
phate of an alkaloid obtained from cinchona. It has the 
same action as quinin, but is less powerful. 

Dose, 5 to 15 grains (0.32-1.0 gm.). 



I90 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Quinin (Quinia, the chief alkaloid of Cinchona). — 
Action and Uses. — Quinin is used as an antiseptic and 
disinfectant, preventing putrefaction and fermentation ; 
as an antipyretic, antiperiodic, oxytocic, producing or 
increasing uterine contractions ; and, in small doses, as a 
general tonic. Locally it is used, in the form of a spray, 
as a stimulant to mucous membranes. 

Tonic doses of quinin have no influence on the circula- 
tion, while large doses slow the heart even to forty beats. 

Large doses cause ringing in the ears, fulness in the 
head, deafness, disordered vision, flushed face, eruptions 
of the skin resembling urticaria, and headache. After 
toxic doses marked deafness, blindness, dilated pupils, 
delirium, stupor, dyspnea, coma, and respiratory paral- 
ysis may result. 

Dose, 2 to 7 grains (0.13-0.46 gm.), given in pill (old 
pills are insoluble) or capsule. The solution may be 
given in wine. One grain of sulphuric acid dissolves I 
grain of quinin. As an antipyretic — 10 to 30 grains 
(0.65-1.9 gm.)— it directly decreases heat production, but 
it has no effect on temperature in health ; also given hypo- 
dermically in urgent instances, though it is very irritating 
and may produce suppuration. Locally, 1 to 2 grains 
(0.065-0.13 gm.) to 1 ounce (30.0 c.c). 

Absorption and Elimination. — Quinin is rapidly ab- 
sorbed. It may accumulate, but it is mostly eliminated 
in eight hours, practically all in twenty-four or forty- 
eight hours, chiefly by the kidneys as quinin and dihy- 
droxyl quinin. Elimination is slow in fevers, heart- and 
kidney-disease, and in the aged. 

Preparations. — Quinin Bisulphate (Quininse Bisul- 
phas). — This salt is more soluble than the sulphate. 
Dose, 1 to 15 grains (0.065-1.0 gm.). 



MATERIA MEDICA. I9I 

Quinin Hydrobromate (Quininae Hydrobromas). — Used 
hypodermically on account of its solubility. Dose, 1 to 
15 grains (0.065-1.0 gm.). 

Quinin Hydrochlorate (Quininae Hydrochloras). — Dose, 
I to 15 grains (0.065-1.0 gm.). 

Quinin Salicylate (Quininae Salicylas). — Used as anti- 
septic and antipyretic. Dose, 1 to 10 grains (0.065-0.65 
gm.). 

Quinin Valerianate (Quininae Valerianas). — Dose, 5 to 
10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 

Quinin Chlorhydro -Sulphate (Chlorhydro Sul- 
phate of Quinin). — A new double salt of quinin, the 
action of which is similar to that of quinin. 

Dose, 1 to 15 grains (0.065-1.0 gm.). 

Quinoidin. — A mixture of amorphous alkaloids of 
cinchona. It is used as a substitute for quinin and in 
similar doses. 

Reduced Iron Tablets. See Iron. 

Resin (Resina). — Resin is the residue left after dis- 
tilling off the volatile oil from turpentine. It is used 
externally in plasters and stimulating ointments. 

Resin of Copaiba (Resina Copaibae). — An active in- 
gredient of copaiba. 

Dose, 10 to 20 grains (0.65-1.3 gm.). 

Resin of Jalap (Resina Jalapae). — Used as a purga- 
tive. 

Dose, 2 to 4 grains (0.13-0.24 gm.). 

Resin of Podophyllum (Resina Podophylli).— An 
active cathartic and cholagogue. 

Dose, -^5- to \ grain (0.003-0.032 gm.). 

Resin of Seammony (Resina Scammonii). — A 
drastic cathartic. 



192 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Dose, 2 to 8 grains (0.13-0.52 gm.). 

Resorcin (Resorcinum ; Resorcina ; Meta-dioxyben- 
zol). — Action and Uses. — Resorcin is given internally 
as an antipyretic, antiseptic, and antiferment ; also used 
locally as an antiseptic and disinfectant. 

Dose, 1 to 10 grains (0.065-0.65 gm.). It is used 
externally in skin-diseases in solutions of the strength 
of from 1 to 3 per cent, and in ointments of from 2 to 10 
per cent. 

Resorcin acts chiefly upon the nerve-centers, produc- 
ing, in large doses, deafness, giddiness, frontal headache, 
profuse perspiration, salivation, and sometimes convul- 
sions, with unconsciousness. 

Rhamnus Purshiana. See Cascara Sagrada. 

Rheum (Rhubarb). — Action and Uses. — In small 
doses rhubarb is a tonic, laxative, and stomachic. In 
large doses it is a purgative. As it contains tannic acid, 
constipation is apt to follow its cathartic action. 

Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.). 

Extract of Rhubarb (Extractum Rhei), 5 to 10 grains 
(0.32-0.65 gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Rhubarb (Extractum Rhei Fluidum), 
10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). 

Syrup of Rhubarb (Syrupus Rhei), J to 4 drams (1.8- 
15.0 c.c). 

Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb (Syrupus Rhei Aromat- 
icus), J to 4 drams (1. 8-1 5.0 c.c). 

Tincture of Rhubarb (Tinctura Rhei), 1 to 2 drams 
(3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Aromatic Tincture of Rhubarb (Tinctura Rhei Aro- 
matica), \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 cc -)- 

Sweet Tincture of Rhubarb (Tinctura Rhei Dulcis), 1 
to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 



MATERIA MEDICA. 1 93 

Pills of Rhubarb (Pilulae Rhei). — Dose, 1 to 3. Each 
pill contains 3 grains of rhubarb. 

Compound Rhubarb Powder (Pulvis Rhei Compositus), 
31 to 62 grains (2.0-4.0 gm.). 

Rhus Glabra (Smooth Sumach). — Action and Uses. 
— Internally sumach is used as a refrigerant and astrin- 
gent. Locally it is used as a wash and gargle in sore 
throat. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Rhus Glabra (Extractum 
Rhois Glabrae Fluidum), 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). 
It may be used as a gargle in the strength of J dram to 
I ounce of water. 

Infusion of rhus glabra is used as a wash or gargle 
(1 ounce to the pint). 

Ricini Oleum. See Castor Oil. 

Rochelle Salt. See Potassium. 

Rosa Centifolia (Pale Rose). — The preparations of 
rose centifolia are used chiefly as vehicles for astringent 
lotions, gargles, etc., and for flavoring purposes. 

Rose Water (Aqua Rosae), 1 to 8 drams (3.7-30.0 c.c). 

Stronger Rose Water (Aqua Rosae Fortior; Triple 
Rose Water), \ to 4 drams (1.8- 15.0 c.c). 

Unguentum AqucE Rosce (Cold Cream). Used as an 
emollient and protective. 

Oleum Rosce (Oil of Rose ; Otto of Rose). — A per- 
fume. 

Rosa Gallica (Red Rose). — Red rose is tonic and 
slightly astringent. It is usually used as a vehicle for 
astringent and tonic medicines. 

Confection of Rose (Confectio Rosae). — Used as a basis 
for pills. 

Fluid Extract of Rose (Extractum Rosae Fluidum), \ 
to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 
13 



194 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Syrup of Rose (Syrupus Rosae), i dram (3.7 c.c). 

Honey of Rose (Mel Rosae), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 
It is slightly astringent, and is used as an application to 
the mouth and throat in combination with other agents. 

Rosmarinus (Rosemary). — Action and Uses. — 
Rosemary is not now used in substance. The oil is 
used in perfumes, and externally in rubefacient liniments 
and lotions. 

Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Rubus (Blackberry). — Action and Uses. — Black- 
berry bark is an astringent. It is a favorite home 
remedy for diarrhea, and is usually employed in a de- 
coction, made by boiling 1 ounce in 1 \ pints of water 
down to 1 pint. 

Dose, \ to 2 drams (1.9-3.9 gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Blackberry (Extractum Rubi Flu- 
idum), \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 

Syrup of Blackberry (Syrupus Rubi), 1 to 2 drams 
(3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry). — Syrupus Rubi Id<zi. — 
Used as an agreeable flavoring agent. 

Rumex (Yellow Dock). — Action and Uses. — Rumex 
is an astringent, tonic, and alterative. • 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Dock (Extractum Rumicis 
Fluidum), \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c 0- 

Decoction of dock (2 ounces to the pint), 1 to 2 ounces 
(30.0-60.0 c.c). 

Sabina (Savin). — Action and Uses. — Savin is the 
tops of the Juniperus Sabina, a European evergreen. 
Internally, in small repeated doses, it is a powerful uterine 
tonic. As an external irritant it is sometimes employed 
in the form of a cerate for maintaining discharges from 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 1 95 

blistered surfaces. It is a drug that must be used with 
caution, since overdoses produce violent gastro-intestinal 
inflammation, and death in collapse. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Savin (Extractum Sabinae 
Fluidum), 5 to 16 minims (0.3-1.0 c.c). 

Oil of Savin (Oleum Sabinae), 5 to 10 minims (0.3-0.6 
c.c), in emulsion or capsule. 

Saccharin (Saccharinum ; Glucidum). — Action and 
Uses. — Saccharin is a sweet substance obtained from 
coal-tar, and said to be two hundred and twenty times 
sweeter than sugar. It is used as a sweetening agent in 
diabetes and other conditions in which sugar is forbid- 
den. One grain will sweeten a cup of tea or coffee. It 
is also an antiseptic. 

Dose, 1 to 10 grains (0.065-0.65 gm.). 

Saccharum I,actis (Sugar of Milk). — Is used to 
make triturates and as a base for powders. 

SaleratUS. See Potassium Bicarbonate. 

Saliciri (Salicinum). — Action and Uses. — Salicin is 
a neutral principle obtained from the bark of Salix Alba 
and other species of salix. Salicin acts as a bitter tonic 
and astringent, and in a mild degree possesses antirheu- 
matic properties similar to salicylic acid. It is well borne 
by the stomach, and is rapidly absorbed and eliminated 
unchanged or as salicylic acid. 

Dose, 10 to 60 grains (0.65-3.9 S m -)- 

Salicylamid (a derivative of Salicylic Acid). — Action 
and Uses. — Salicylamid is used for the same purposes 
as salicylic acid, but it is considered a more prompt and 
a safer analgesic. 

Dose, 3 to 5 grains (0.18-0.32 gm.). 

Salicylate of Bismuth. — Used as an intestinal 
antiseptic. 



I96 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Dose, 2 to 10 grains (0.13-0.65 gm.) in powder or 
capsules. 

Salicylate of Guaiacol. — Used for the same pur- 
pose and in the same quantities as salol. 

Salicylate of I/ithium (Lithii Salicylas).— Dose, 5 
to 60 grains (0.32-3.9 gm.). 

Salicylate of Mercury (Mercuric Salicylate). — This 
preparation of mercury is used hypodermically, and in 
pill form. 

Dose, -g 1 ^- to •§- grain (0.001-0.008 gm.). 

Salicylate Of Methyl. — Salicylate of methyl is an 
artificial (or synthetic) oil of gaultheria, and has the 
same physiological action. Gaultheria is said to contain 
90 per cent, of salicylate of methyl. 

Salicylate of Phenyl. See Salol. 

Salicylate of Quinin. See Quinin. 

Salicylate of Sodium (Sodii Salicylas). — This has 
the same physiological action as salicylic acid, but is less 
irritant and disagreeable. 

Dose, 5 to 60 grains (0.32-3.9 gm.). 

Salicylate of Strontium. — An intestinal antiseptic. 

Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). It is rapidly 
absorbed, and when given in large doses it produces the 
cinchonism that marks the salicylic action. Its taste is 
similar to that of the ordinary salicylates, but not so dis- 
agreeable. 

Salicylate of Theohromin and Sodium (Diu- 
retin). — A diuretic, increasing both the quantity of urine 
and the excretion of solids. 

Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.) in water or cap- 
sules. See Diuretin. 

Salicyl-brominlid. — An analgesic and antipyretic. 



MATERIA ME D1C A. 1 97 

Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). It is said to be 
very depressing to the heart. 

Salicylic Acid. See Acids. 

Saline Solution (Normal Salt Solution) is made to 
correspond in specific gravity with the normal serum of 
the blood, and is prepared by dissolving 6 grams (siss) 
of common salt in a liter (one quart) of distilled sterilized 
water. Many surgeons prefer the formula suggested by 
Dr. Frank S. Locke, of the Physiological Department of 
Harvard Medical School, which consists of 3 decigrams 
of chlorid of calcium and 1 decigram of chlorid of potas- 
sium to each liter of normal salt solution. These not 
only give the heart a better fluid to work upon, but they 
restore to the fluid in the vessels that coagulable quality 
which has been diminished or lost by hemorrhage. 

Saline solution is used for irrigation, to wash out the 
abdominal cavity after abdominal operations, and for 
intravenous injections in cases of shock, hemorrhage, and 
uremic or diabetic coma. The solution must be heated 
to a temperature of ioo° F. before being injected, and 
strict aseptic precautions must be observed during the 
operation. From \ to 1 liter is injected at one time. 

Salipyrin (Antipyrin Salicylate). — Obtained from the 
interaction of antipyrin and salicylic acid, and is used as 
an antipyretic and antirheumatic. 

Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.32-1.9 gm.). 

Salol (Salicylate of Phenyl). — Action and Uses. — 
Salol is a compound composed of about 60 parts of 
salicylic acid and 40 parts of carbolic acid. It is much 
used as a substitute for salicylic acid, when the stomach 
is irritable, and the latter is not well borne. It is not so 
disagreeable to take as the acid, but it is less prompt 
and certain in its effects. As an antiseptic salol is some- 



198 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

times substituted for iodoform. In large doses salol 
produces the same untoward effects as other salicyl 
compounds — namely, headache, dizziness, ringing in the 
ears, and deafness. 

Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.32-1.9 gm.) in pill, capsule, or 
wafer. Externally it is used in the form of a dusting- 
powder, ointment, gauze, collodion, or in alcoholic solu- 
tion. 

Salophen (a derivative of Salol) is used as a substi- 
tute for salicylate of sodium in rheumatism, neuralgia, 
and the pains of influenza. It has advantages over so- 
dium salicylate in being tasteless and unirritating to the 
stomach. 

Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.). 

Saltpetre. See Nitrate of Potassium. 

Salvia (Sage). — Action and Uses. — The infusion of 
sage is slightly tonic and astringent. It is used chiefly 
to check the night-sweats of phthisis, and as an astrin- 
gent and stimulating gargle and in sore throat. 

Dose, \ to 1 ounce (15.0-30.0 c.c.) in infusion (1 ounce 
to 1 pint of boiling water). 

Sangtrinaria (Blood-root). — Action and Uses. — 
Sanguinaria is used chiefly as a stimulant expectorant, 
large doses causing nausea, vomiting, salivation, purging, 
and great depression. The effects of an overdose are 
violent vomiting, a burning sensation in the stomach, 
great thirst, dilated pupils, dimness of vision, prostration, 
convulsions, and death from paralysis of the respiratory 
centers. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Blood-root (Extractum San- 
guinariae Fluidum), 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Tincture of Blood-root (Tinctura Sanguinariae), 5 to 30 
minims (0.3-1.8 c.c). 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 1 99 

Santonin (Santoninum). — Action and Uses. — San- 
tonin is an alkaloid of Sa?itonica or Levant Wormseed. 
It is used as an anthelmintic against the round worm. 
It should be followed in a few hours by a cathartic, such 
as calomel or castor oil. It is excreted by the kidneys 
and imparts to the urine a yellow color. 

Overdoses cause giddiness, tremors, sweating, convul- 
sions, and a peculiar disturbance of vision (xanthopsia) 
in which objects appear yellow. 

Dose, J to 2 grains (0.032-0.13 gm.). 

Troches of Santonin (Trochisci Santonini). — Dose, 1. 
Each troche contains J grain of santonin. 

Sarsaparilla. — The root of Smilax Officinalis and 
other species of smilax. 

Action and Uses. — Sarsaparilla is a tonic, alterative, 
and a mild diuretic and diaphoretic. In large doses it 
acts as an emetic and purgative. 

Dose. — Compound Decoction of Sarsaparilla (Decoc- 
tum Sarsaparillae Compositum), 4 to 6 drams (15.0- 
22.5 c.c). 

Compound Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla (Extractum 
Sarsaparillae Fluidum Compositum), J to 1 dram (1.8- 
37 ex.). 

Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla (Syrupus Sarsapa- 
rillae Compositus). — This preparation is much used as a 
vehicle. 

Scanimony (Scammonium). — Action and Uses. — 
Scammony is a drastic cathartic resembling jalap in its 
action, although it is much more irritating. On account 
of its tendency to excite griping, it is usually combined 
with other milder cathartics. 

Dose, 2 to 10 grains (0.13-0.65 gm.), given in emul- 
sion. 



200 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Resin of Scammony (Resina Scammonii), i to 8 grains 
(0.065-0.5 gm.). 

Compound Extract of Colocynth (Extractum Colocyth- 
idis Compositum) contains 14 per cent, of resin of scam- 
mony. Dose, 5 to 20 grains (0.32-1.3 gm.) as a purgative. 

Scilla (Squill). — Action and Uses. — Squill is the 
dried bulb of Urginea Scilla. It is a cardiac stimulant, 
expectorant, and diuretic. In large doses it acts as an 
emetic. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Squill (Extractum Scillae 
Fluidum), I to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). 

Syrup of Squill (Syrupus Scillae), \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 
c.c). 

Compound Syrup of Squill (Syrupus Scillae Compos- 
itus), 10 to 60 minims (0.6-3.7 c.c). 

Tincture of Squill (Tinctura Scillae), 10 to 20 minims 
(0.6-1.2 c.c). 

ScoparitlS (Broom). — Action and Uses. — Broom is 
the tops of Cytisus Scoparius. It is chiefly employed as 
a diuretic in dropsy. In large doses it acts as an emetic 
and cathartic It contains two active principles — spar- 
tein and scoparin. 

Dose, 5 to 20 grains (0.32-1.3 gm.) in infusion. 

A decoction is made by adding \ ounce of the fresh 
broom tops to 1 pint of water, and boiling them down to 
\ pint. Dose, 1 ounce (30.0 c.c). 

Fluid Extract of Broom (Extractum Scopariae Flu- 
idum), 5 to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 c.c). 

Scoparin is used as a diuretic Dose, 5 to 15 grains 
(0.32-1.0 gm.). Hypodermically, J to 1 grain (0.032- 
0.065 gm.). 

Scopolamin. — Action and Uses. — Scopolamin is an 
alkaloid of Scopolia Atropoides, and is used chiefly as a 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 201 

substitute for atropin, but, unlike the latter, it is said 
to decrease the excitability of the brain. It diminishes 
the secretions of the skin and mouth, and dilates the 
pupil. 

Dose. — Scopolami?i Hydrochlorid, yj-g- to -^ grain 
(0.00025-0.OOI gm.). 

SeidlitS Powder. See Sodium. 

Senega. — Action and Uses. — Senega is a stimulant 
expectorant and a diuretic. In large doses it acts as a 
cathartic and emetic. Locally it is an irritant. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Senega (Extractum Senegae 
Fluidum), 10 to 20 minims (0.6-1.2 c.c). 

Syrup of Senega (Syrupus Senegae), J to 2 drams (1.8- 
7.5 c.c). 

Senna. — Action and Uses. — Senna is the dried leaves 
of the Acacia Acutifolia. It is an active cathartic, but is 
apt to cause considerable flatulence and griping. To 
avoid this it is usually given in combination with other 
drugs. 

Dose, 20 to 60 grains (1.3-3.9 S m -)- 

Fluid Extract of Senna (Extractum Sennae Fluidum), 
1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Compound Infusion of Senna (Infusum Sennae Com- 
positum), 2 to 8 ounces (60.0-240.0 c.c). Contains senna, 
manna, and sulphate of magnesia. It is known as the 
"black draught." 

Compound Licorice Powder contains 18 per cent, of 
powdered senna. 

Confection of Senna (Confectio Sennae), 2 drams (7.8 
gm.). 

Serpentaria (Virginia Snake Root). — Action and 
Uses. — Serpentaria is a tonic, expectorant, heart-stimu- 
lant, diaphoretic, and diuretic It is also used as a 



202 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

vehicle for more powerful bitters. Small doses increase 
the appetite and digestion. Large doses cause nausea, 
vomiting, headache, faintness, griping pains, and tenes- 
mus. 

Dose, Fluid Extract of Serpentaria (Extractum Ser- 
pentariae Fluidum), 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.9 c.c). 

Tincture of Serpentaria (Tinctura Serpentariae), 1 to 2 
drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Serums or Antitoxins. — Antitoxin is a preparation 
obtained from the blood-serum of an animal or a person 
that has recovered from an attack of an infectious dis- 
ease, or from an animal that has been treated with the 
poison. It is capable not only of protecting the animal 
by which it is produced, but also other animals or persons 
into whose blood it is introduced. The antitoxin does 
not destroy a toxin, but acts upon the body-cells and 
renders them capable of withstanding the poison. 

In some cases the amount or virulence of the poisons 
is so great that the patient succumbs almost at once to 
the disease, before the elements of the body have had 
time to produce sufficient antitoxin to ward off the 
attack ; or the physical condition, from unhygienic living, 
may be at a low ebb, and the formation of the protecting 
substance too slow. 

The antitoxin is an entirely new substance, and does 
not occur in the blood of normal animals. It is specific 
for one poison only. The tetanus antitoxin is of no 
avail against diphtheria, and vice versa. We thus see 
that bacteria not only produce poisons, but also the 
antidote for them. 

There are four antitoxins or serums in general use : 

1. Diphtheria Antitoxin. — Local treatment with Loffler's 
solution is used in connection with the serum. 



MATERIA MEDICA. 203 

2. The Antitetanic (Lockjaw) Serum. — This is used in 
both the dry and the liquid form. In the dry form the 
serum is thought to retain its strength longer than in the 
liquid form. It seems to be of value as a preventive, 
but it is still undetermined as to whether it is of service 
after the tetanic symptoms have developed. 

3. Antistreptococcic Serum. — Puerperal fever, erysipelas, 
and many of the septicemias are due to streptococci, 
which often attack the weakened tissues and modify and 
complicate diseases, such as diphtheria, scarlet fever, 
measles, bronchopneumonia, and tuberculosis. In measles 
and scarlet fever it is thought that the complications are 
due to streptococcus infection. In septicemia the serum 
has been used with good results. 

4. Antitubercle Serum. — The serums are used not only 
as treatment, but as preventive agents. To be of value 
the serum should be administered as early as possible 
and a reliable preparation must be employed. Among 
the toxins we have : 

Tuberculin (the Toxin of the Bacillus Tuberculosis). — 
A glycerin extract of the products of the growth of 
tubercle bacilli in culture-media. From it the bacilli 
are perfectly removed, and only the chemical products 
of their growth remain. It is a brownish, syrup-like 
fluid used in diagnosing tuberculosis. 

Colefs mixture, which is a mixture of erysipelas and 
prodigiosus cultures, is much used in the treatment of 
inoperable malignant growths. 

All these serums and toxins are well known, and ex- 
cellent results have been obtained from their use. The 
disadvantage in the cases lost was that by the time the 
patient was brought to the hospital the disease was too 
far advanced for the serum or toxin to do any good. 



204 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

The serums are given hypodermically, the injection being 
made into the back, thigh, abdomen, side of the breast, 
or over the chest. Perfect antisepsis for the operation is 
an absolute necessity. The opening made by the needle 
is closed with a collodion dressing. After the injection 
there may appear numbness and local pain, pains in the 
joints, and erythema, which pass off after a while and 
need occasion no alarm, though they should of course 
be reported to the attending physician. 

The reaction following an injection of Coley's mixture 
is sometimes severe, and may correspond to the symptoms 
beginning an attack of erysipelas — chill, local redness, 
and high temperature. 

Silver. See Argentina. 

Sinapis. See Mustard. 

Sodium is a metallic element not used in medicine, 
but is represented by many of its salts, the action of 
which is similar to that of potassium, although less de- 
pressing. 

Preparations. — Liquor Sodii Arsenatis (Solution of 
Sodium Arsenate). See Arsenic. 

Pearson's Solution. See Arsenic. 

Sodium Benzoate (Sodii Benzoas). See Benzoinum. 

Sodium Bicarbonate (Sodii Bicarbonas).— This salt is 
employed as an antacid, and to stimulate the secretion of 
gastric juice and to increase the alkalinity of the blood. 
Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.32-1.9 gm.). It is also used locally 
in the form of a dusting-powder or a solution (2 grains 
to the ounce) in skin-diseases. 

Troches of Sodium Bicarbonate (Trochisci Sodii Bicar- 
bonatis). Each contains 3 grains of the bicarbonate. 

Sodium Borate (Sodii Boras). See Borax. 

Sodium Bromid. See Bromin. 



MATERIA MEDICA. 205 

Sodium Carbonate (Sodii Carbonas ; Washing Soda ; 
Sal Soda). — This salt has the same action and uses as 
potassium carbonate, but is rarely given internally on 
account of its disagreeable taste. Dose, 5 to 10 grains 
(0.32-0.65 gm.). 

Carbonate of sodium is used as a disinfectant for in- 
struments, and also to protect them from rust. They are 
boiled for five minutes in a i-per-cent. solution. In pri- 
vate practice 1 teaspoonful of soda is added to the quart 
of water. 

Sodium Chlorate (Sodii Chloras). — Its action is similar 
to that of chlorate of potassium, but it is more soluble, and 
is used in stronger solutions. Dose, 2 to 10 grains (0.13- 
0.65 gm.). 

Sodium Chlorid (Sodii Chloridum ; Common Salt). — 
Action and Uses. — Salt is used as a condiment, hemostatic, 
emetic, vermifuge, and antiseptic. Locally, it is a stimu- 
lant to the skin, and as such it is employed in the form 
of fomentations and baths. As an antiseptic it is used 
in surgery for disinfection of the skin and for irrigation 
of the abdominal cavity. A normal salt solution is 
much used for transfusion in shock, uremia, and collapse 
from loss of blood. Dose, as an emetic, \ to 1 ounce 
(15.0-30.0 gm.). 

As a hemostatic in hemoptysis, 1 teaspoonful given dry 
is sometimes successful. 

As a simple enema for unloading the bowel, 2 table- 
spoonfuls to 1 pint of water. 

Normal salt solution corresponds in composition very 
nearly to normal blood-serum, and is therefore much 
used for transfusion and irrigation of cavities. It is made 
by adding \\ drams to 1 quart of sterilized water (6 
grams to 1 liter). Some surgeons add 3 decigrams of 



206 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

calcium chlorid and I of potassium chlorid to each liter 
of normal salt solution. See Saline Solution. 

As a bath, I pound of salt in 4 gallons of water. 

Sodium Salicylate. See Salicylates. 

Sodium Iodid. — This salt is used for the same purposes 
as iodid of potassium. Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.32-1.9 
gm.). 

Seidlitz Powder (Pulvis Effervescens Compositus). — A 
laxative and refrigerant. It is made up in two packets, 
a blue one, containing 2 drams of Rochelle salt and 40 
grains of bicarbonate of sodium, and a white one, con- 
taining 35 grains of tartaric acid. 

Sodium Santoninate (Sodii Santoninas). — Action 
and Uses. — This preparation is used for the same pur- 
pose as santonin, but it is objectionable on account of 
its solubility, which favors absorption and increases the 
danger of constitutional symptoms. 

Dose, 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.3 gm.). 

Troches of Sodium Santoninate (Trochisci Sodii San- 
toninatis). — Dose, 1 to 5. Each troche contains 1 grain. 

Somnal. — An ethylated compound of chloral and 
urethane. It is a new hypnotic. 

Dose, 20 to 40 minims (1.2-2.5 c - c -)- 

So^oiodol. — A compound containing 52 parts of iodin 
and 7 of sulphur. It is used locally as an antiseptic and 
as a substitute for iodoform in the form of powder, oint- 
ment, gauze, collodion, and in solutions of the strength 
of from 5 to 20 per cent. 

Spartein. — Spartein is a cardiac tonic and diuretic. 
Its action is very rapid, varying from twenty minutes to 
three-quarters of an hour after administration and con- 
tinuing for twelve hours. It is not cumulative. It is 
said to be superior to all cardiants in quieting nervous 



MATERIA MEDICA. 207 

excitement. Before anesthesia gr. \ is often given with 
\ gr. of morphin. 

Large doses cause headache, faintness, loss of power 
in the limbs, and severe pain around the heart. 

Dose. — Sulphate of Spartein, \ to 2 grains (0.03-0. 1 2 
gm.), may be given hypodermically. 

Spigelia (Pink Root). — Action and Uses. — Spigelia 
is a cathartic and powerful anthelmintic against the round 
worm. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Spigelia (Extractum Spigelian 
Fluidum), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Infusion of Spigelia (half a troy ounce in 1 pint of 
boiling water), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Stillingia (Queen's Root). — Action and Uses. — In 
small doses stillingia is an alterative ; in large doses it is 
a cathartic and emetic. It increases the action of the 
heart and all the secretions and excretions. 

Dose. — Flidd Extract of Stillingia (Extractum Stillin- 
giae Fluidum), 10 to 60 minims (0.6-3.7 c.c). 

Decoction of Stillingia (1 ounce to the pint), 1 to 2 
ounces. 

Stramonium Reaves (Stramonii Folia ; Jamestown 
Seed). — The leaves of Datura Stramonium. 

Stramonium Seed (Stramonii Semen). — The seed of 
Datura Stramonium. 

Action and Uses. — Stramonium resembles belladonna 
in its action, and is used for the same purposes. 

Daturin. — An active principle of stramonium, the 
action of which is similar to that of atropin. 

Dose. — Daturin, y^- to -fa grain (0.0005-0.001 gm.). 

Extract of Stramonium (Extractum Stramonii Seminis), 
l to I grain (0.01-0.032 gm.). 



208 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Fluid Extract of Stramonium (Extractum Stramonii 
Seminis Fluidum), i to 2 minims (0.06-0.12 c.c). 

Tincture of Stramonium (Tinctura Stramonii Seminis), 
10 to 20 minims (0.6-1.2 c.c). 

Strontium. See Bromid of Strontium, Iodid of 
Strontium. 

Strophanthin. — A crystalline glucosid, the active 
principle of strophanthus. 

Dose, -gL- to -^q grain (0.001-0.002 gm.); hypoder- 
mically, yj-g- to y^ grain (0.0003-0.0006 gm.). 

Strophanthus (Arrow Poison). — Action and Uses. — 
Strophanthus is a cardiac stimulant and diuretic, acting 
similarly to digitalis, but more noticeably upon the heart, 
and less so upon the vessels. It is usually preferred to 
digitalis when it is desired to stimulate the heart, and not 
to effect any changes in the vessels. Diuresis is increased 
in disease and health by stimulating the secreting struct- 
ure of the kidneys. It is not cumulative. 

Dose. — Tincture of Strophanthus (Tinctura Strophan- 
ti), 3 to 8 minims (0.18-0.5 c - c -)- ^ 1S too irritating for 
hypodermic use. 

Large doses cause severe vomiting, burning pain in 
the stomach, and diarrhea. 

Strychnin. — A grayish-white crystalline powder, very 
bitter in taste. It is the chief alkaloid of nux vomica. 

Action and Uses. — Like nux vomica, strychnin in 
small doses is a tonic ; in larger doses it is a powerful 
stimulant to the heart, respiratory organs, and spinal 
cord. It exerts its chief influence on the nervous 
system. 

Being one of the most powerful and rapidly acting 
heart and respiratory stimulants that we have, it is 
used in all cases of shock and heart-failure, in doses of 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 



209 



from ^ to y 1 ^ of a grain every fifteen minutes until 
the physiological effects are produced. Its administra- 
tion must be stopped upon the appearance of twitching 
in any of the muscles. If there is paralysis of any part 
of the body, it is to that part, and not to the sound one, 
that we look for the first indication. 

Strychnin is used in cases of paralysis where there is 
no inflammation or irritation, and is given by the mouth 
or is injected directly into the affected muscles. It must 
be borne in mind, in cases of strychnin-poisoning, that 
the convulsions come on more quickly in paralyzed parts 
than in those under the control of the will. 

The symptoms and treatment of poisoning" are the 
same as those of nux vomica. See Nux Vomica. 



Differential Diagnosis. 





Tetanus. 


Hysteria. 


Strychn in-poison big. 


Onset. 


Wound. Gradual. 


Varies. 


History of ingestion of 
drug. Very sudden. 


Muscles. 


Stiff, with pain in 
back of neck. 


More in trunk. 


In extremities. 


Jaw. 


Early rigidity and 


Set before con- 


Jaw usually last to be 




persistently set. 


vulsions. 


affected, and is relaxed 
between paroxysms. 


Rigidity. 


Constant. 


Varies. 


Relaxed between parox- 
ysms. 


Conscious- 


Preserved. 


Partially lost. 


Present. 


ness. 
Eyes. 


Open. 


Closed. 


Open. 


Draughts of 


Increase parox- 


Do not. 


Increase. 


air, loud 


ysm. 






sound, etc. 









Dose. — Strychnin Sulphate (Strychninae Sulphas), ■£$ 
t° A g rain (0.001-0.0032 gm.). — Haifa grain has caused 
death. Children stand strychnin very poorly. 

Strychnin is eliminated slowly from the body by the 
kidneys as strychnin and strychnin acid, and accumulates 
in the system. The drug when given by the rectum acts 
quicker than when given by the mouth. 

14 



2IO PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Strychnin Arsenate. Arsenate of strychnin is a 
new preparation, and like strychnin has a very bitter 
taste. It is used as a tonic. 

Dose, ^o to ^ grain (o.ooi -0.0016 gm.). 

Stypticin, obtained from narcotics, an alkaloid of 
opium. Used as a styptic in all kinds of uterine hemor- 
rhage. 

Dose, \ to 1 grain (0.03 2-0.06 gm.). 

Styracol (Guaiacol and Cinnamyl Chlorid). — Action 
and Uses. — Styracol is an antiseptic and is used as a 
substitute for guaiacol. 

Styron. — A compound of liquid storax and balsam 
of Peru. It is used as an antiseptic and deodorizer. 
The strength of solutions used is from 4 to 8 per cent. 

Subgallate of Bismuth. See Bismuth. 

Sulphaminol (Thioxydiphenylamin). — An antiseptic 
used as a substitute for iodoform. It is also used inter- 
nally. 

Dose, 2 to 4 grains (0.13-0.26 gm.). Externally it is 
generally used in powder. 

Stllphonal. — Action and Uses. — Sulphonal is a 
powerful hypnotic, ranking next to chloral, and leaving, 
as a rule, no unpleasant after-effects. It is rather slow in 
its action, and should be taken one or two hours before 
the patient retires. If taken late in the evening, sleep 
may be delayed until early morning or the next day. 
Sulphonal has no influence over pain. 

Dose, 10 to 40 grains (0.65-2.6 gm.), in capsule or dry 
on the tongue. Its action, however, is quicker if it is 
given in hot milk, beef-tea, or hot water. The urine 
must be watched and reported should it assume a red- 
dish tint. 

After continuous use of the drug there are loss of 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 211 

appetite, constipation, nausea, vomiting, sleepiness, lan- 
guor, headache, unsteady gait, buzzing in the ears, and 
mental disturbance. If the drug is still continued, it 
causes paralysis of the lower extremities, scanty, dark- 
red urine, unconsciousness, and death from respiratory 
failure. 

A number of cases of death from acute poisoning are 
on record, and it may not seem out of place to say here 
that sulphonal, phenacetin, antipyrin, and quinin, which 
are so carelessly used by non-professional people, should 
not be taken without the advice of a physician. 

Sulphur. — Sulphur is a non-metallic element, official 
in three forms — sulphur sublimatum (sublimed sulphur, 
or flowers of sulphur) ; sulphur lotum (washed sulphur) ; 
sulphur praecipitatum (precipitated sulphur). 

Sulphur is a mild laxative, alterative, and antiseptic. 
It imparts a disagreeable odor to the feces and perspira- 
tion. Externally it is used as an ointment in many skin- 
diseases. It is also employed in the form of baths and 
fumigations. It is excreted by the lungs and skin and all 
the excretions, and blackens any silver articles that may 
be worn by the patient. Sulphur is much used for fumi- 
gating rooms and clothing. 

Fumigation of Sick-room after Contagious Dis- 
eases by the Use of Sulphur Fumes. — Sulphur is 
only reliable when its fumes are very strong and they 
permeate every fiber of material and eveiy crevice of an 
infected room or its furniture. Six pounds of sulphur 
are necessary to fumigate thoroughly an ordinary sized 
room. Every crevice should be tightly closed, the chim- 
ney should be blocked up, and the windows, doors, and 
other openings closed, either by pasting paper over the 
cracks or by stuffing them with cotton. All draperies 



212 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

which were not taken down before the case progressed 
should be spread out over a temporary line or on chairs, 
and all drawers and closets should be opened. The 
fumes should reach the remotest part of whatever is in 
the room. A tub or a large pan should be partly filled 
with water, and in this be placed two or three bricks or 
blocks of wood on which to stand a smaller pan, or the 
lid of a saucepan turned upside down. Into this is 
put the roll sulphur, which must be broken into very 
small pieces and saturated with alcohol or turpentine. 
The water in the large pan will both guard against 
fire and furnish moisture in the form of steam. After 
everything is secure and there is no possible way for the 
sulphur fumes to escape, the sulphur is ignited. If alco- 
hol or turpentine is not at hand, a few red coals will 
ignite the sulphur. The room door is now closed, the 
key-hole and all the cracks of the door are stopped up, 
and the room is left for twenty-four hours, when it is 
opened and aired for twenty-four hours longer ; then 
everything, including the walls and floors, must be 
washed with either corrosive-sublimate (i : iooo) or 
carbolic-acid solution (i : 20) and exposed to the action 
of the sun and air for a number of days. 

If, when preparing the room for fumigation, a hole is 
bored through the middle of the top window-sash, and 
there is passed through this hole a piece of rope of suf- 
ficient length to extend to a window below, the sick-room 
window can be opened from the outside at the end of the 
fumigation. When closing up the cracks in the sides of 
the window, care should be taken that they are filled in 
securely, so that the sulphur fumes cannot escape through 
them, but at the same time that the window can easily be 
pulled open. If one is compelled to pass through the 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 21 3 

sulphur-fumes, it can be done by holding a wet cloth 
over the mouth and nose. 

Preparations. — Sublimed Sulphur (Sulphur Subli- 
matum). — Dose, I to 2 drams (3.9-7.8 gm.). Used as a 
laxative. 

Precipitated Sulphur (Sulphur Praecipitatum). — Dose, 
1 to 2 drams (3.9-7.8 gm.). It is used as a lax- 
ative. 

Washed Sulphur (Sulphur Lotum). — Dose, 1 to 2 
drams (3.9-7.8 gm.). 

Sulphur Iodid (Sulphuris Iodidum). — Dose, \ to 1 grain 
(0.016-0.065 gm.). Chiefly used externally in skin-dis- 
eases in the form of an ointment. 

Sulphurated Potassa (Potassa Sulphurata). — Used ex- 
ternally in the form of ointment and baths in skin-dis- 
eases. Locally it is a decided irritant, and internally in 
large doses it is a violent corrosive poison. 

Sulphur Ointment (Unguentum Sulphuris). — Used ex- 
ternally in various inflammatory and parasitic skin-dis- 
eases. 

Sulphurated Lime (Calx Sulphurata). — Dose, -^ to \ 
grain (0.006-0.013 gm.). It is used internally in pus- 
tular skin-disease. In large doses it is an irritant 
poison. 

Stimbul. — Action and Uses. — Sumbul is used as a 
nerve-tonic and antispasmodic. 

Dose. — Tincture of Sumbul (Tinctura Sumbul), \ to 1 
dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 

Suprarenal Gland. — Action and Uses. — The supra- 
renal gland is used as an astringent in all forms of in- 
flammation, particularly those of the eye, as a hemo- 
static, and as a general tonic. It is administered internally 
in tablets and capsules, each tablet or capsule being 



214 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

equal to about one-twelfth of an entire fresh suprarenal 
gland of the sheep. The I per cent, aqueous solution is 
prepared by mixing 10 grains (0.6 gm.) with 2 drams 
(7.5 c.c.) of sterilized water. It is much used locally in 
ophthalmology, and is said to be the most powerful 
astringent known. It has no antiseptic or anesthetic 
action, and the relief of pain is probably due to its as- 
tringent properties. The solution should be made fresh 
each time before using, as it rapidly decomposes. 

Tar. See Pix Liquida. 

Taraxacum (Dandelion). — Action and Uses. — 
Taraxacum is a bitter tonic, laxative, hepatic stimulant, 
and diuretic. It is also used as an adjuvant to cath- 
artics. 

Dose. — Extract of Taraxacum (Extractum Taraxaci), 5 
to 30 grains (0.32-1.9 gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Taraxacum (Extractum Taraxaci 
Fluidum), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Tartar Emetic. See Antimony. 

Tartaric Acid. See Acids. 

Terebene (Terebenum). — A substance prepared by 
the action of sulphuric acid on oil of turpentine. 

Action and Uses. — Terebene is a stimulant expec- 
torant and internal antiseptic. 

Dose, 5 to 10 minims (0.3-0.6 c.c), in emulsion or 
capsules. 

As a local antiseptic it is used in solution of the 
strength of 5 per cent. Large doses cause irritation of 
the stomach and diarrhea. A mixture of equal parts of 
thymol, terebene, and carbolic acid is used as an inhala- 
tion in chronic bronchitis and phthisis. 

Terebinthina (Turpentine ; Canada Turpentine ; 



MATERIA MEDICA. 21 5 

Terebinthina Canadensis). — Used locally. Internally it 
has the same effects as oil of turpentine. See Oleum 
Terebinthince. 

Terpili Hydrate. — Action and Uses. — Terpin hy- 
drate, a compound obtained by the interaction of tur- 
pentine, nitric acid, and alcohol. It is used as a stimu- 
lating expectorant. 

Dose, 3 to 6 grains (0.2-0.4 gm.), in pill, capsule, or 
syrup. 

Terpinol is derived from terpin hydrate, and is said 
to possess the same properties. 

Dose, 5 to 16 minims (0.03-1.0 c.c). 

Tetronal (Disulphon-diethylenethane). — Action and 
Uses. — Tetronal is a hypnotic, said to produce sleep in 
from twenty to thirty minutes after the drug is taken. 
Tetronal and trional are closely allied in composition and 
action to sulphonal, though of the two drugs tetronal is 
considered the more reliable. See Trional. 

Dose, 15 to 30 grains (1. 0-1.9 gm.), given in cachets 
or capsules, but best given in hot tea, beef-tea, or broth. 

Thallin. — A synthetic compound capable of uniting 
with acids to form salts. The two chief salts used are 
the tartrate and the sulphate. 

Action and Uses. — Thallin is an antipyretic and anti- 
septic. Its antipyretic action is more transient than that 
obtained from antifebrin or antipyrin. Large doses cause 
nausea, vomiting, free perspiration, and a weak, rapid 
pulse. 

Dose of the sulphate or tartrate, from 1 to 5 grains 
(0.065-0.32 gm.). 

Thea Camellia (Thein, derived from tea). — Tea is a 
cerebral stimulant and refreshing drink, relieving head- 
ache and drowsiness. Taken in excess, it causes indi- 



2l6 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

gestion, constipation, restlessness, and trembling of the 
limbs. Tea should not be boiled nor allowed to stand 
long, but should be poured off quickly, so that only the 
volatile oil which gives the aroma is extracted. As tea 
contains tannin, and the latter is needed in cases of pois- 
oning, it can readily be obtained by boiling tea very 
thoroughly. 

Thebain. — An alkaloid obtained from opium. 

Theobromin. See Diuretin. 

Thiersch Powder is composed of salicylic acid J 
ounce and boric acid J dram. It is an unirritating and 
non-poisonous antiseptic. 

Thiol. — A mixture of sulphuretted hydrocarbons. It 
occurs in two forms — a fine brown powder and a brown 
syrupy liquid. 

Action and Uses. — Thiol resembles ichthyol very 
closely in its action, but is without the disagreeable odor. 
It is used internally and externally. 

Dose, I to 2 grains (0.065-0.13 gm.), usually given in 
wine, in pill form, or in chocolate solution in the strength 
of from 1 to 2 per cent. 

For external use it is employed in aqueous or glycerin 
solutions, the strength varying from 10 to 20 per cent. ; 
in ointment of from 10 to 40 per cent.; in collodion of 
from 3 to 5 per cent. ; and in powder form. 

Thymol. — Obtained from volatile oil of thyme and 
certain other volatile oils. 

Action and Uses. — Thymol resembles in its action 
both carbolic and salicylic acids. It is used internally 
and externally as an antiseptic, and is said to have an 
antipyretic and anthelmintic action. 

Locally applied to the skin or mucous membrane, it is 



MATERIA MEDICA. 2\J 

an irritant and antiseptic. Thymol has a peculiar dis- 
agreeable odor which attracts flies. 

Dose, from I to 10 grains (0.065-0.6 gm.). 

Locally, in solutions of the strength of 1 : 5000 ; 
in ointment of the strength of from 1 to 5 per cent. ; 
as a spray, 1 part to 800 of hot water, applied by 
means of an oil-atomizer ; for inhalation, 5 grains to 
an ounce of hot water. When taken internally it is apt 
to irritate the stomach ; to avoid this a glass of water or 
milk may be taken immediately after the powder. 

Large doses cause nausea, vomiting, deafness, ringing 
in the ears, lowered temperature, and green-colored 
urine. 

Thyroid Extract. — The juice of the thyroid gland 
dissected from the body of a freshly-killed animal, usu- 
ally a sheep. It is used in various diseases of the skin, 
in goiter, and in obesity. It increases the functional 
activity of the organs and stimulates secretion of the 
urine. 

Dose of the liquid extract, 5 to 20 minims (0.32- 
1.3 c.c). 

Thyroidin. — A powdered extract obtained from dried 
thyroid glands, and said to supply the needed functions 
of the gland. 

Dose, I to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 gm.), in pills or pas- 
tilles. It has a grayish-yellow color and a very peculiar 
odor. Large doses may cause rise of temperature, rapid 
pulse, headache, vertigo, nausea, faintness, and palpi- 
tation. 

Tolypyrin. — A new antipyretic with mild analgesic 
properties. 

Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 



2l8 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Tolysal (Salicylate of Tolypyrin). — A new remedy, 
said to be antipyretic, analgesic, and antiseptic. 

Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). It has no cumu- 
lative action and has no disagreeable after-effects. 

Tragacanth. — A demulcent, used chiefly as an ex- 
cipient. 

Dose, 1 to 4 drams (3.7-15.0 c.c). 

Tribromethane. See Bromoform. 

Tricresol. — An antiseptic and disinfectant. 

Dose, \ to 1 grain (0.032-0.065 gm.), in capsule. Lo- 
cally in solutions of from \ to 1 per cent. The I -per- 
cent, solution is said to be equal to a 3-per-cent. solution 
of carbolic acid. 

Trional.-— Action and Uses. — Trional, like tetronal, 
is a derivative of sulphonal, and is used as a sedative and 
hypnotic. The sleep produced is quiet and dreamless. 
Its action is prompt, and there are no unpleasant after- 
effects. It has no cumulative action during continued 
use. Mineral waters should be taken to avoid con- 
stipation. 

Dose, 10 to 20 grains (0.65-1.3 gm.), in hot milk or 
beef-tea. 

Triticum (Couch Grass). — Action and Uses. — Triti- 
cum is a diuretic, demulcent, and diluent. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Triticum (Extractum Tritici 
Fluidum), 2 to 4 drams (7.5-15.0 c.c). 

Tuberculin. — A brownish, syrup-like fluid known by 
the name of " Koch's lymph." Tuberculin is a glycerin 
extract of the products of the growth of the tubercle 
bacilli in culture-media. From it the bacilli and spores 
are perfectly removed, and only the chemical products 
of their growth remain. It has- been extensively tested 
as a cure for tuberculosis, and although disappointing in 



MATERIA ME DIC A. 219 

its results, it is still employed in making a diagnosis of 
this disease. 

Initial dose, j-J-^- to yj-g- grain (0.0003-0.0005 gm.), hy- 
podermically, gradually increased. The patient must be 
carefully watched. Rise of temperature, chills, increased 
cough, and general aches are the symptoms commonly 
produced by it. 

Ttllley'S Powder (Compound Powder of Morphin ; 
Pulvis Morphinae Compositus). — Dose, 5 to 10 grains 
(0.32-0.65 gm.). Its chief ingredients are morphin, 
camphor, and licorice. Ten grains of the powder con- 
tain \ grain of morphin sulphate. 

Uralium ( Ural ; Chloral-urethane ). — Action and 
Uses. — Uralium is used as a hypnotic. It has no anal- 
gesic action. 

Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.). 

TJrethane (Ethyl Urethane).— Action and Uses. — 
Urethane is a sedative and hypnotic. It has no anal- 
gesic action, and in ordinaiy doses does not depress the 
heart. 

Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.), given in capsule 
or wafer. Hypodermically, it is given in doses of 3 to 5 
grains (0.19-0.32 gm.). 

Uricedin. — A uniform combination of sodium citrate, 
sulphate, and chlorid, with lithium citrate, used as a 
diuretic chiefly in the treatment of the uric-acid diathesis. 
In large doses it is a purgative. 

Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.6-1.9 gm.), in hot water. 

Urotropin. — A urinary antiseptic. It also dissolves 
uric-acid concretions. 

Dose, 10 to 60 grains (0.65-3.9 gm.). It causes no 
digestive disturbance. 



220 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Uva Ursi ( Bearberry ). — Action and Uses. — Uva 
ursi is a mild astringent, tonic, and diuretic. Large doses 
impart to the urine a dark-green or black color. 

Dose, 2 to 4 drams (3.75-15.0 gm.), in infusion (1 
ounce to 1 pint). 

Extract of Uva Ursi (Extractum Uvse Ursi), 1 to 5 
grains (0.065-0.32 gm.). 

Fluid Extract of Uva Ursi (Extractum Uvae Ursi 
Fluidum), 1 to 4 drams (3.7-15.0 c.c). 

Arbutin, sometimes called Ursin, is the active principle 
of uva ursi. It is a diuretic. Dose, 3 to 5 grains. 

Valerian (Valeriana).— The rhizome and roots of 
Valeriana Officitialis. It contains two active principles, 
a volatile oil and valerianic acid. 

Action and Uses. — Valerian is used as an antispas- 
modic, nerve-sedative, and tonic. It has a slight stimu- 
lant action on the circulation and brain, and also in- 
creases the secretions of the skin and kidneys. 

Preparations. — Fhdd Extract of Valerian (Extractum 
Valerianae Fluidum), \ to I dram (1.8-3.7 cx -)- 

Tincture of Valerian (Tinctura Valerianae), 1 to 4 
drams (3.7-15.0 c.c). 

Ammoniated Tincture of Valerian (Tinctura Valerianae 
Ammoniata), J to I dram (1.8-3.75 c - c -)- 

Zinc Valerianate (Zinci Valerianas), J to 3 grains 
(0.032-0.19 gm.), in pill or capsule. It is supposed to 
combine the antispasmodic power of valerian with the 
nerve-tonic action of a zinc salt. 

Valerianate of Iron (Ferri Valerianas), \ to 3 grains 
(0.032-0.19 gm.). 

Valerianate of Quinin (Quinmae Valerianas), I to 3 
grains (0.065-0.19 gm.). 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 221 

Valerianate of Ammonium (Ammonii Valerianas), 2 
to 10 grains (0.13-0.65 gm.). 

Oil of Valerian (Oleum Valerianae), 1 to 5 minims (0.06- 
0.3 ex.). 

Valerianic Ether (Ethylic Ether of Iso-valerianic Acid), 
J to 2 minims (0.03-0.12 c. c.). 

Veratrin (Veratrina). — A mixture of alkaloids ob- 
tained from the seed of Asagrcea Officinalis. 

Action and Uses. — Veratrin is seldom used internally. 
Externally it is a counter-irritant, causing a tingling and 
numbness, and sometimes, if long applied, vesication. It 
is a powerful heart-, respiratory, and muscle-poison, and 
enough may be absorbed through the skin to poison the 
patient. When using it near the face, care must be taken 
to prevent it from entering the eye, as it is a violent irri- 
tant to the conjunctiva. When inhaled into the nose it 
causes violent sneezing through its irritant action on the 
sensory nerves. It increases the secretions of the skin 
and kidneys, and is chiefly eliminated by them. 

Large doses cause violent sneezing, vomiting, purging, 
muscular weakness, a small, rapid, and irregular pulse, 
and collapse. The treatment is the same as that used 
in poisoning by veratrum viride. No fatal case is re- 
corded. 

Dose, ^0 to ^ grain (0.0016-0.006 gm.). 

Oleate of Veratrin (Oleatum Veratrinae) contains 2 per 
cent, of the alkaloid. It is used locally, and should be 
employed with care. 

Ointment of Veratrin (Unguentum Veratrinae) is used 
locally, and should be employed with care. 

Veratrum Viride (American Hellebore). — The rhi- 
zome and roots of Veratrum Viride. 

Action and Uses. — Veratrum viride, like aconite, is a 



222 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

powerful heart and spinal depressant. It is also in an 
indirect way a diaphoretic, diuretic, and antipyretic. It 
contains several alkaloids, of which veratroidin and jervin 
are the chief. 

In small doses veratrum viride reduces the force of the 
pulse without affecting its rate, but later it becomes very 
slow, soft, and compressible, the slightest exertion ren- 
dering it rapid, feeble, and sometimes imperceptible. 
There may be also nausea, vomiting, and muscular 
weakness and relaxation. 

After large doses these symptoms are exaggerated. 
The skin becomes cold and clammy, there are persistent 
vomiting, extreme muscular weakness, running pulse, 
giddiness, loss of vision, and partial unconsciousness 
develop. 

The treatment of poisoning" is similar to that for 
aconite. Emetics, external heat to all parts of the body, 
and alcoholic stimulants are indicated. The recumbent 
position should be maintained. 

Preparations. — Fluid Extract of Veratrum Viride (Ex- 
tractum Veratri Viridis Fluidum), I to 3 minims (0.06- 
0.18 ex.). 

Tincture of Veratrum Viride (Tinctura Veratri Viridis), 
1 to 8 minims (0.06-0.5 c.c). 

Norwoods Tincture of Veratrum Viride is a saturated 
tincture, and is unofficial. The dose is 5 minims (0.3 
c.c), usually increased by 1 minim until the pulse is re- 
duced to 70. Medicinal doses of veratrum viride may 
cause dryness of the mouth and throat, restlessness, 
nausea, and dizziness. The pulse must be carefully 
watched, and not be allowed to fall below 65. 

Vibumtim Prunifolium (Black Haw). — Action and 
Uses. — Viburnum is a uterine tonic, nervine, diuretic, 



MATERIA ME DIC A. 223 

and antispasmodic. It is much used in dysmenor- 
rhea. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Viburnum (Extractum Vi- 
burni Prunifolii Fiuidum), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). 

Vitellus (Yolk of Egg). See Egg. 

Glyceritum Vitelli See Glycerin. 

Warburg's Tincture. — Action and Uses. — War- 
burg's tincture is a preparation containing 13 drugs, of 
which quinin is the principal one. It is a powerful 
diaphoretic. 

Dose, \ ounce (15.0 c.c). Before taking the medicine, 
in order to obtain a good effect, the bowels should be 
thoroughly emptied. It is best taken at night. 

Wild Cherry Bark. See Prunus Virginiana. 

Wintergreen. See Gaultheria. 

Witch Hasel. See Hamamelis. 

Xanthoxylin. — An alkaloid of xanthoxylum, iden- 
tical with berberin. 

Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.). 

Xanthoxylum (Prickly Ash). — Action and Uses. — 
Xanthoxylum is a general stimulant, diaphoretic, and 
diuretic. It is also used locally as a counterirritant in 
the form of stupes. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Xanthoxylum (Extractum 
Xanthoxyli Fiuidum), 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). 

For local use, 2 ounces of the fluid extract of xanth- 
oxylum, 1 ounce of the tincture of cayenne pepper, and 
1 quart of boiling water. 

Xeroform (Tribromphenol-Bismuth). — Action and 
Uses. — Xeroform is used as a substitute for iodoform. 
It is antiseptic, hemostatic, sedative, and analgesic. It 



224 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

is a very fine powder without the disagreeable odor of 
iodoform, and is non-poisonous. 

Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.6-1.9 gm.). 

Externally it is used in the form of powder, gauze 
(from 10 to 30 per cent.), ointment, and in suppository. 

Xylenum (Xylene ; Xylol). — Action and Uses. — 
Xylol is used internally and externally as an antiseptic. 

Dose, 10 to 20 minims, given in wine. 

^ea (Corn Silk ; Stigmata Maydis). — Action and 
Uses. — Zea, or corn silk, as it is more commonly called, 
is used as a mild stimulant, diuretic, antiseptic, and de- 
mulcent. 

Dose. — Fluid Extract of Zea (Extractum Zeae Fluidum), 
J. to 2 drams (1.8-7.5 c - c 0- 

Infusion of Zea, 1 to 2 ounces (30.0-60.0 c.c.) (2 ounces 
to 1 pint of boiling water). 

^inc (Zincum). — Action and Uses. — Zinc is not used 
in medicine in its metallic state, but in the form of one 
of its salts, their action being similar to those of copper, 
but less powerful. 

Preparations. — Zinc Acetate (Zinci Acetas). — Used 
locally as an astringent in solution of 1 or 2 grains to 1 
ounce of distilled water. 

Zinc Bromid (Zinci Bromidum). — This salt combines 
the sedative action of the bromid with the tonic effects 
of the zinc. Dose, J to 2 grains (0.032-0.13 gm.). 

Precipitated Zinc Carbonate (Zinci Carbonas Praecip- 
itatus). — Used externally as a protective. 

Zinc Chlorid (Zinci Chloridum). — Used locally as an 
antiseptic, disinfectant, and escharotic. 

Solution of Zinc Chlorid, (Liquor Zinci Chloridi). — 
An antiseptic and disinfectant. It is sometimes called 



MATERIA MEDIC A. 225 

Burnett's disinfecting fluid. It contains 200 grains to the 
ounce. 

Zinc Iodid (Zinci Iodidum). — An astringent and 
escharotic. Dose, J to 2 grains (0.032-0.13 gm.). 

Zinc Merc ur icy anid. — An antiseptic. 

Zinc Oxid (Zinci Oxidum). — An astringent and nerve- 
sedative. It is used internally and externally. Dose, 1 
to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 gm.). 

Zinc Oleate (Oleatum Zinci). — Used externally. 

Zinc Ointme?it (Unguentum Zinci Oxidi). — Used ex- 
ternally. 

Zinc Phosphid (Zinci Phosphidum), fa to fa grain 
(0.0016-0.0032 gm.). Its action is the same as that of 
phosphorus. It is irritating to the stomach. 

Zinc Sulphate (Zinci Sulphas). — Used as an astringent 
and emetic. Dose, as an astringent, 1 to 2 grains (0.065 
-0.13 gm.) ; as an emetic, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.). 
It may be given with an equal amount of starch. Its 
action is rapid, causing but little subsequent nausea and 
depression. 

Valerianate of Zinc (Zinci Valerianas). — Used as a ner- 
vous sedative. Dose, \ to 1 grain (0.032-0.065 gm.). 

Zinc Sulphocarbolate (Zinci Sulphocarbolas). — An an- 
tiseptic and disinfectant. 

Zingiber. See Ginger. 
15 



PART III. 



POISON EMERGENCIES ; MINERAL WATERS ; 
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES; DOSE -LIST; 
GLOSSARY, ETC. 



POISON EMERGENCIES. 

In cases of poisoning the nurse is more often at hand 
than the physician, and for this reason it is of the utmost 
importance that she should know how to act intelligently, 
as a few moments' delay may prove fatal, and prompt 
action may prevent the corrosive action of certain agents 
or the absorption of a powerful dose. Just what to do 
in these cases is of as much importance as most surgical 
emergencies, and, next to the proper antidote, prompt- 
ness is the essential feature. 

Poison Defined. — A poison is a substance which, 
when taken into the body, produces either disease or 
death. Any substance causing death when taken into 
the stomach is a poison. Poisons may enter the cir- 
culation through the broken and unbroken skin. 

Classification and Action of Poisons.— Poisons 
are divided into two classes — irritants and narcotics. The 
irritant poisons act on the stomach and bowels, and the 
symptoms of all such poisons are generally the same. 
Coming in contact with the lips, mouth, throat, and 
stomach, they produce a burning sensation and give rise 

226 



POISON EMERGENCIES.' 227 

to vomiting and pain in the stomach and abdomen, the 
pain being increased upon pressure and by purging. 
The effects of the poisons are chiefly upon these organs, 
which they irritate and influence. 

Many substances in this class possess corrosive prop- 
erties, such as the strong mineral acids, caustic alkalies, 
and corrosive sublimate. These, in the act of swallow- 
ing, excoriate the parts they reach, and cause a burning 
sensation extending from the mouth down to the stom- 
ach, with symptoms of collapse. Some irritants, such as 
arsenic and carbonate of lead, do not possess corrosive 
action, and are called pure irritants. Symptoms from 
corrosive poisoning are manifested immediately, because 
contact causes destruction of the part. With purely irri- 
tant poisons the symptoms manifest themselves slowly : 
from half an hour to an hour elapses between the swal- 
lowing of the substance and the appearance of the symp- 
toms, and on the appearance of the symptoms one can 
distinguish between corrosive-sublimate (corrosive) and 
arsenic (irritant) poisoning. An examination of the 
mouth will aid in deciding the question, as the corrosive 
substance will show its action on the mouth ; though, on 
the other hand, corrosive poisons, through dilution with 
water, may simply act as irritants. After all irritant 
poisons demulcent drinks, such as flaxseed tea, white 
of eggs, glycerin, sweet oil, starch-water, or warm milk, 
should be given to soothe the inflamed mucous membrane. 
Narcotic poisons act upon the nerve-centers and the ner- 
vous system, generally producing headache, giddiness, 
numbness, stupor, and paralysis, and in some instances 
convulsions and death. They have not the burning 
taste of irritants, and rarely give rise to vomiting and 
purging. If these symptoms occur, they are generally 



228 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

due to the form or quantity in which the substance was 
taken, and the mechanical effect on the stomach thereby 
produced, or to the combination with some irritating ele- 
ment, such as alcohol. The pure narcotics do not irri- 
tate or influence the stomach and bowels. In narcotic 
poisoning emetics are given, providing the drug was 
taken by mouth, to prevent any poison remaining from 
being absorbed, though the treatment is usually directed 
to overcome the systemic effects. 

What to Do in Cases of Poisoning. — The first 
thing to do in all cases of poisoning is to ascertain what 
kind of poison has been taken, either from the symptoms 
produced or from the vomited matter, if there is any. 
If the poison is not known, it is perhaps best to give an 
emetic or a hypodermic injection of apomorphin. If 
considerable time has elapsed since the poison was taken, 
and there is evidence of absorption, nothing will be 
gained by the use of emetics. Vomiting may be induced 
by giving mustard and warm water, salt and warm water, 
tepid oil and water (a tablespoonful to a cup of water), 
warm water, or by running the finger down the throat 
or tickling the throat with a feather. Vomiting is gener- 
ally easier if the stomach is full of food or of fluid. 
Should the stomach be empty, a quantity of fluid should 
be given before the emetic. 

When emetics are administered, they should be given 
quickly and not more than half a pint at a time, or the 
walls of the stomach may become paralyzed through 
over-distention. After vomiting, the patient should drink 
plenty of milk or water, and the bowels should be 
cleared, in case the poison has entered the intestines. 
The antidote — a remedy to counteract the effect of the 
poison — is then given. If the poison has been absorbed, 



POISONS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES. 229 

medicines are given to counteract its effect on the respi- 
ration or the circulation. 

It seems a wise provision of Nature that she has given 
to many of these dangerous agents their own distinctive 
odors, thereby aiding us to detect their presence. In 
this class may be mentioned opium (laudanum), prussic 
acid, phosphorus, alcohol, chloroform, carbolic acid, 
ammonia, camphor. 

The agents commonly met with in acute poisoning are 
carbolic acid, arsenic (principally in the form of Paris 
green), alcohol, opium, strychnin, belladonna, chloral, 
atropin, ammonia, tincture of iodin, and corrosive sub- 
limate. All these substances, excepting Paris green, are 
much used in medicine. Paris green, carbolic acid, and 
opium in some one of its forms are often used with sui- 
cidal intent ; the others are generally taken or adminis- 
tered accidentally. 

In these emergencies the nurse must keep perfectly 
calm ; she should think what has happened and what 
should be done, and then do it quietly. If she gets ex- 
cited and loses her presence of mind, the life of the 
patient may be lost. When notifying the physician or 
surgeon she should send a written, not a verbal message, 
and should state clearly what has happened, so that he 
will fully understand and come prepared ; he should also 
be informed of what is being done by the nurse. 

Poisons and their Antidotes. 

A few of the most common poisons and their anti- 
dotes are the following : 

Irritant Poisons. — Carbolic Acid. — No emetics ; 
stomach-tube, or apomorphin hypodermically. Milk 
and lime-water, equal parts ; white of egg, flour, and 



230 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDICA FOR NURSES. 

water ; stimulants by rectum ; no oil, as it will help 
absorption ; flaxseed tea, hot applications to the extrem- 
ities, and counter-irritation upon the abdomen ; artificial 
respiration. 

Carbonic-acid Gas. — Removal of patient from the 
room ; artificial respiration ; bathing with alcohol and 
water ; application of heat to the feet ; cold affusions to 
the head, friction, and stimulants. 

Oxalic, Acetic, and Tartaric Acids. — Chalk or plaster 
scraped from the wall and dissolved in water or in milk ; 
soapsuds (in an emergency); emetics; stimulants, and 
heat externally. 

Prussic Acid {Hydrocyanic Acid, Cyanid of Potassium). 
— Apply smelling-salts to the nose ; an emetic ; black 
coffee. Action should be prompt; often there is little 
time for anything but hot and cold affusions to the head 
and artificial respiration. 

Sulphuric, Phosphoric, Nitric, and Hydrochloric 
Acids. — Magnesia, whiting, chalk, sodium bicarbonate, 
milk, white of Qgg, or plaster scraped from the wall ; ex- 
ternal heat. 

Ammonium. — Vinegar, lemon-juice or orange-juice, 
milk, oil. 

Ammonia, Caustic Lime, Potash, and Soda, and the 
Carbonates of Sodium and Potassium, are alkalies, and 
are treated with acids, such as vinegar and lemon-juice, 
and milk, and olive or any bland oil to soothe the mucous 
membrane. 

Arsenic and Paris Green. — Emetics ; oil and lime- 
water ; milk ; raw eggs ; flaxseed tea ; powdered charcoal 
in water (half an ounce to a cup of water) ; heat over the 
abdomen. 

Corrosive Sublimate. — White of egg y which, being an 



POISONS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES. 23 1 

albumin, will render the corrosive insoluble ; or milk or 
flour and water will answer ; then an emetic is given to 
remove the poison. Poisoning by copper or lead is 
treated in the same way. 

Cantharides. — Emetic (apomorphin) or stomach-pump, 
followed with a cathartic ; mucilaginous drinks to lessen 
the gastro-intestinal irritation ; no oils, as they increase 
the solubility of cantharidin and the dangers arising from 
its absorption. 

Creosote. — Emetic (apomorphin) or stomach-pump ; 
milk, white of eggs, heat to body, stimulants if neces- 
sary. 

Ergot. — Stimulants ; strong tea. 

Iodin. — Emetic ; flour or starch and water ; white of 
egg in milk ; sodium bicarbonate. 

Phosphorus. — Emetics and purgatives ; no oil, as it 
aids absorption ; poultices to stomach ; stimulants. 

Poison-ivy when brought in contact with the skin is 
capable of exciting inflammation of its tissues. It is an 
acid, and is treated with an alkali. Plain cold water, 
baking-soda (saleratus) and water made into a thick 
wash, lime-water, or soapsuds will help to relieve the in- 
flammation. The applications should be continued faith- 
fully for twenty-four hours. The parts should afterward 
be dusted with powdered starch. 

Narcotic Poisons. — Aconite. — Emetics ; purgatives ; 
stimulants of alcohol, digitalis, or atropin by the rectum 
or hypodermically if not retained by the stomach, to 
restore the heart's action ; heat to the body. 

Atropin and Belladonna. — Emetics ; black coffee and 
stimulants ; hot and cold water alternately to the head ; 
lemon- or orange-juice and water. The patient should 
be aroused from stupor. 



232 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

Antipyrin. — Emetics. If there are indications of col- 
lapse, give stimulants, black coffee, and apply heat to all 
parts of the body. 

Cocain. — Stimulants, nitrite of amyl, heat to the body. 

Nicotin (Tobacco). — Emetic (apomorphin), tannic 
acid, stimulants, heat to the body, rest. 

Camphor. — There is the characteristic odor. Give 
emetics and stimulants ; apply hot and cold affusions to 
the head and chest, and warmth to the body. 

Chloral. — The patient should be treated as in opium- 
poisoning. Heat is to be applied and strong coffee 
given ; artificial respiration should be practised if neces- 
sary. 

Digitalis. — Emetics ; strong tea ; perfect quiet in bed ; 
also cathartics. 

Opium and Morphin. — If emetics cannot be taken by 
the mouth and a stomach-tube is not at hand, give apo- 
morphin hypodermically, gr. \; black coffee by the 
rectum. The patient should be aroused from stupor 
and kept awake by being walked about the room and 
flicked with a wet towel ; a hot- and a cold-water 
affusion to the head and chest, and artificial respiration. 
If the respirations are found to be steadily decreasing 
and fall below ten per minute, sulphate of atropin, gr. 
j!^, every fifteen minutes, for two doses. If given too 
freely, there is the danger of substituting belladonna-nar- 
cosis for opium-narcosis. Strychnin and digitalis are 
given as heart-stimulants, and permanganate of potas- 
sium is added to the water used in washing out the 
stomach. The patient should be kept warm all through 
the treatment. 

Nux Vomica and Strychnin. — Inhalations of ether 
or of chloroform should be given, and the stomach 



EMETICS. 233 

washed out while the patient is under the influence 
of the anesthetic. The stomach-tube should not be 
passed without first putting the patient under chloro- 
form, as any stimulus, no matter how slight, may bring 
on a violent convulsion. Chloral, 10 grains, and sodii 
of potassium, 10 grains, should be given subcutaneously 
to quiet the convulsions ; also a hot bath. Heat and 
friction are to be applied to all parts of the body, and 
artificial respiration is to be practised. Evacuation of 
the bladder is necessary to prevent re-absorption. 

Nitrite of Amyl. — Artificial respiration ; hot and cold 
affusions. 

Quinin. — Emetics ; purgatives ; strong tea or coffee ; 
hot stimulants ; artificial respiration. 

Mushrooms. — Emetics ; purgatives ; poultices to abdo- 
men ; stimulants. 

Poisoning by tainted meats or fish or by mushrooms 
is treated with emetics and purgatives. Heat and stim- 
ulants should be employed if there is shock. 

Bites of Rabid Animals. — Poisoned bites by a mad 
dog or by serpents should be treated by having the 
poison sucked out of the wound (unless there is an 
abrasion on the nurse's lip), and the wound afterward 
washed with plain warm water. The patient must be 
taken at once to a physician, who will cauterize the 
wound. The patient must be given stimulants in mod- 
erate quantities to sustain the system. The state of the 
pulse must be taken as a guide to indicate when the 
proper amount of stimulation has been reached. 

Emetics. 

Apomorphin. — Apomorphin is given subcutaneously, 
and is employed when a rapid action is necessary, espe- 



234 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

daily when the stomach is inflamed and apt to be in- 
jured by irritant emetics. It is especially indicated when 
patients are unwilling or unable to swallow, as in insanity, 
lockjaw, and strychnin-poisoning. The emetic action 
occurs in from two to fifteen minutes. Dose for an adult, 
\ to J grain. 

Ipecac. — As an emetic, ipecac is slow and mild in its 
action, and is given when a speedy action is not required. 
On account of its gentle action, it is preferred for old, 
feeble, and very young patients. Generally it is given 
in the form of powder, or it may be given as wine of 
ipecac. Dose for adults, 20 grains, mixed with an equal 
amount of sugar, given every ten or fifteen minutes until 
vomiting occurs. 

Wine of Ipecac. — Dose, f ounce. Large draughts 
of tepid water taken as soon as nausea begins will hasten 
the emetic action. 

Mustard. — When other emetics are not at hand, mus- 
tard is employed in narcotic poisoning. It should not be 
used when the poison is of such a nature as to produce in- 
flammation of the stomach. One teaspoonful of mustard 
may be given in a teacupful of tepid water, and repeated 
once in ten minutes if necessary. 

Sulphate of copper is a rapidly acting emetic ; it is 
also an irritant, and for this reason the dose should not 
be repeated if vomiting does not occur, but mustard, 
sulphate of zinc, or large draughts of tepid water may 
be given in its place. It is rarely employed as an emetic, 
except in cases of phosphorus-poisoning, when it also 
acts as the chemical antidote. Dose, 2 to 10 grains ; for 
a child, 1 to 5 grains. 

Sulphate of ^inc. — Dose, 6 to 1 2 grains, repeated, if 
necessary, every ten minutes until vomiting occurs. It 



k 



MINERAL WATERS. 235 

may be given with an equal amount of starch. Its action 
is rapid and prompt, and it causes very little depression 
and nausea. 

Tartar emetic is rarely used in poisoning, on account 
of its slow action. Dose, J to 1 grain. 

In poisoning with corrosive substances, such as con- 
centrated mineral acids and caustic alkalies, emetics are 
contraindicated. 

Demulcents play an important part in the treatment 
of irritant poisons. Demulcents are substances which 
soothe the mucous membranes, and they are generally 
of a mucilaginous character. Those in ordinary use are 
linseed tea, starch, bland oils, glycerin, white of egg, 
gelatin, etc. The chief action is a mechanical one in 
forming a smooth, soft coating for an inflamed mucous 
membrane. 

MINERAL WATERS. 

Alkaline waters contain sodium carbonate and bi- 
carbonate in comparatively large amounts. These waters 
produce their best effects in chronic gastric catarrh, espe- 
cially with hyperacidity and catarrhal inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the biliary passages ; good results 
have been obtained also in acute catarrhal nephritis, 
lithemia, gout, and chronic rheumatism. 

Carbonic-acid waters owe their potency to the 
presence of carbonic-acid gas. Many varieties of water 
may be found impregnated with this gas, whose pres- 
ence possibly increases the diuretic effects of the water. 
Fever-patients find these waters very agreeable. They 
act as a sedative to the gastromucous membrane, and 
when taken cold and in sips relieve nausea and tend to 
check vomiting. Carbonic-acid water added to milk is 



236 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

admirably received by some patients with irritable stom- 
ach, and occasionally milk will be accepted in this form 
when it is absolutely refused in the pure state. Another 
very popular use to which these waters are put is in 
diluting wines. 

Chalybeate waters are those holding in solution one 
or more of the iron compounds, most frequently ferrous 
bicarbonate and ferrous oxid. Iron waters owe their 
virtue to the presence of iron, which usually exists in 
the form of the bicarbonate of the protoxid, held in 
solution by an excess of carbonic-acid gas. The ordi- 
nary indications for the use of iron are met by employ- 
ing waters of this class. They are useful in anemia, but 
usually have other constituents, whose administration 
may or may not be indicated in certain cases. 

Purgative waters usually owe their properties to 
sodium sulphate and magnesium sulphate. When a 
gentle saline laxative is indicated, these waters often give 
better results than either Epsom or Glauber's salt, and 
are therefore of greater service. In congestion of the 
liver, chronic gastric catarrh with atony, jaundice, lithe- 
mia, gout, and in the obese, the regular use of waters of 
this class properly selected and administered yields ex- 
cellent results. 

Saline waters contain common salt in solution, also 
small quantities of the chlorids, of the alkalies, and of 
alkaline earths. This saline when taken into the stomach 
dissolves albumin and starches ; promotes digestion and 
absorption of food ; supplies the intestines with chyme 
rich in albumin and starches ; enters the blood, which 
carries the salt to all the tissues of the body after sup- 
plying its own needs. The usefulness of these waters, 
however, is very restricted. Good results may be ex- 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 2tf 

pected in certain dyspepsias with defective gastric secre- 
tion and sluggishness of the bowels. In certain cases 
of dyspepsia these results are best obtained by adminis- 
tering the water early in the morning, before breakfast ; 
when rapid absorption is necessary it should be taken 
hot. Preference should be given to those springs charged 
with carbonic-acid gas, which greatly increases the pala- 
tableness of this class of waters. The therapeutic dose 
is from i to 5 fe daily. 

Sulphuretted waters owe their virtue to the presence 
in the water of sulphuretted hydrogen gas, and usually 
contain the sulphates of sodium and potassium. When 
taken internally, they augment peristalsis and perspira- 
tion. Frequently sulphur springs are used as baths, and 
with good results, especially in chronic skin-affections 
(such as eczema), in rheumatism, and in gout. The 
waters are useful in constipation, and are asserted to 
have produced good results in cases of chronic bronchitis 
and phthisis. In all these diseases they are administered 
internally and used externally as baths. 

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

Metric System. — The French metric system of 
weights and measures has during the past few years 
replaced the troy or apothecaries' weights and measures 
to such an extent that it is necessary for all nurses to 
become familiar with it. 

Nurses who accustom themselves to the use of the 
metric system will find it much simpler and more con- 
venient than the old. It is much used by physicians, 
and there is very little doubt that at some time in the 
near future its use in every training-school will become 
compulsory. 



238 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 

In studying this system it is a good plan to think of 
our United States currency, which is a metric currency. 
As one dollar is equal to 10 dimes, 100 cents, or 1000 
mills, so is one gram equal to 10 decigrams, 100 centi- 
grams, or 1000 milligrams. 

It is not necessary to go deeply into the subject, as in 
the measuring and weighing of medicines the U. S. 
Pharmacopoeia uses but two measures — the cubic centi- 
meter and the gram. These measures are the ones that 
most concern us. 

The gram is the measure of weight, the cubic centi- 
meter the measure of fluids. 1 gram equals 15 grains; 
it also equals 1 cubic centimeter (15 minims), which is 
the volume of 1 gram of distilled water. 

The liter equals 1 quart. 

Comparative Values of Apothecaries' and Metric Fluid 
Measures. 



tttW 


liter 


= 1 cubic centimeter (c.c). 


I 


c.c. 


= 15 minims. 


4 


c.c. 


= 1 fluid dram. 


30 


c.c. 


= 1 fluid 


ounce. 


480 


c.c. 


= 1 fluid 


pint. 


960 


f nearly a ) 


= 1 fluid 


quart. 




Household Measures. 




1 teaspoonful 


= i 3 - 


4 c.c. 




I dessertspoonful 


= ii Z = 


8 c.c. 




1 tablespoonful 


= iv 3 = 


: 16 c.c. 




1 wineglassful 


= ii 5 = 


: 60 c.c. 




1 cupful 


— iv % = 


: 120 c.c. 




1 tumblerful 


= viii 1 = 


: 240 c.c. 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 



239 



Measures of Weight. 
1 gram = 15 grains. 
4 grams = 60 grains = 1 dram. 
30 " = 480 " = 1 ounce. 
500 " = 5760 " = 1 pound. 

To obtain the equivalents for fractional parts of a grain, one must 
remember that the equivalent of I grain is 65 milligrams = 0.065 gm. 
Consequently, \ grain is 0.033 g™- or 33 milligrams. Example : 



2 


grain 


= 0.033 gm. 


k 


" 


= 0.016 gm. 


1 


<( 


= 0.008 gm. 



Comparative Temperatures. 

36 Centigrade 96. 8° Fahrenheit. 

37° " 

38° " 



39 c 
40 c 
4i c 
42 c 



98.6 
ioo.4 c 

I02. 2 C 

104° 
105. 8 C 
io7.6 c 



ANTISEPTIC SOLUTIONS l (e. Q. THORNTON, M. D.). 



Drug. 



: ; 



Boric Acid .... 
Calcium Chlorid . 
Carbolic Acid . . 
Corrosive Chlorid o 

Mercury (corrosive 

sublimate) . 
Creoliu . . . 

Lysol 

Potassium Perman-) 

ganate ) 

Solution of Hydrogen \ 

Dioxid J 

Thymol 

Zinc Chlorid 



Com- 
mercial 
form. 



Solution. 



Powder. 
Masses. 
[Liquid. 



Two tablespoonsful to a pint. 
Two teaspoonsful to a pint. 
Six teaspoonsful to a pint. 



Crystals. Seven and a half grains to a pint. 



Liquid. 
; Liquid. 

Crystals. 

Liquid. 

Crystals, 
j Crystals. 



Two and a half teaspoonsful to a pint, 
Two and a half teaspoonsful to a pint, 

Half a teaspoonful to a pint. 

Eight tablespoonsful to a pint. 
Five grains to a pint. 
Two teaspoonsful to a pint. 



Strength. 



Per 



1 :33 
1 ; 50 



1000 



1 : 50 2 
1 : 50 2 

1 : 250 0.4 



1500 
50 



1 "These antiseptic solutions are of ordinary strengths, and are intended only for local 
application. They may be prepared with either hot or cold (preferably distilled) water. 
To dzcrs-.ise the strength of either solution the quantity of water must be in- » 
for example, if a 1 : 2000 corrosive-sublimate solution is required, the proportion would 
be 7% gr. to the quart. 



240 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 



TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF DROPS IN A FLUIDRACHM OF VARIOUS 
LIQUIDS; ALSO THE WEIGHT OF ONE FLUIDRACHM IN GRAINS. 



Liquid. 



Acetum Opii 

" Scillae 

Acid, Acetic 

" Acetic, Dil. . . . 
" Carbolic . . . . 
" Hydrochloric . . 
" Hydrocyanic . . 

" Lactic 

" Nitric 

" Nitro-hydrochlor 
" Phosphor. Dil. . 
" Sulphuric . . . . 
" Sulph. Aromat. . 
" Sulph. Dil. . . . 
" Sulphurosum . . 

^Ether Fortior 

Alcohol 

Aqua 

" Destillata . . . . 
Bals. Peruvian . . . . 

Bromin 

Chloroform, Pur. . . . 

Copaiba 

Creasote 

ExtractumBelladon. Fl. 
Buchu Fl. . 
" Digitalis Fl. 

" Ergotae Fl. . 

" Ipecac. Fl. . 

Rhei Fl. . . 
" Senegse Fl. . 

" Valerianae Fl, 

" Zingib. Fl. 

Glycerin 

Hydrargyrum 

Liquor Acidi Arsenosi . 
" Ferri Chloridi . 



Drops 


Weight 


in f 5j 


of f 5j in 


(mix). 


grains. 


9 o 


61 


68 


57 


108 


58 


68 


55 


in 


59 


70 


65 


60 


54 


in 


66 


102 


77 


76 


66 


59 


57 


128 


101 


146 


53 


60 


58^ 


5 ? 


55 


176 


39 


146 


44 


60 


55 


60 


53K 


101 


60 


250 


165 


250 


80 


no 


5i 


122 


56^ 


156 


57 


IS° 


47% 


134 


62 


133 


60 


120 


60 


158 


61 


137 


62 


150 


4 2 


142 


48 


6 7 


68 


150 


760 


57 


55 


7i 


72 



Liquid. 



Liquor Iodi Compos 
" Potassae . . 
" Zinci Chloridi 
Oleoresin Aspidii 
" Capsici 

" Cubebae 

Oleum Anisi . . 
" Bergamii 
" Cari . . . 



Junipen . 
" Limonis . 
" Ricini . . 
" Rosae . . 
" Terebinth. 
" Tiglii . . 
Spiritus ^Etheris Comp 
" Athens Nitrosi 
" Camphorae 
Syrupus Acaciae . . 
" Ferri Iod. 
" Scillae . . 
" Comp. . 

" Senegae . 
" Simplex . 
Tinctura Aconiti . 
" Belladonnae 
" BenzoiniComp 
" Cantharidis . 
" Digitalis . . 
" Ferri Chlor. 

" Iodi 

Opii .... 
" Opii Camph. 
" Opii Deodor. 
Vinum Colchici Rad. 
" Colchici Sem. 
" Opii 



Drops 
in f5j 

(rnix). 



62 
89 

130 
120 
123 
119 
130 
132 
148 
129 
77 
132 
136 
104 
148 
146 
143 
44 
65 
75 

IC2 

I06 
65 
I46 

137 
I48 

131 

128 

I50 
I48 
I30 
I30 

no 
107 
in 
100 



Weight 
of f 5j in 
grains. 



59 
58 
88 
52 
5i 
52 
54 
46 
5o 
49 

U 

%% 

50 
45 
47 
47 
73 
77 
74 
70 
70 

46 
53 
48 
51 
53 
53 
47 
53 
52 
54 
53 
54 
55 



No 



LIST OF HYPODERMATIC TABLETS. 

Morphin sulphate . 
Morphin and atropin, No 

Morphin Sulph. 

Atropin Sulph. 
Morphin and atropin 

Morphin Sulph. 

Atropin Sulph. 

Picrotoxin 

Pilocarpin hydrochlor 
Pilocarpin nitrate . 
Physostigmin sulph 
Sodium arsenate . . 
Strychnin sulphate . 
Strychnin sulphate . 
Tablets for hypodermatic use are prepared by prominent manufacturers 



Aconitin (crystals) 
Apomorphin muriate 
Atropin sulphate . . 
Atropin sulphate . . 
Cocain hydrochlorate 
Conin hydrobromate , 

Colchicin 

Corrosive sub. and urea 
Digitalin (soluble) . . 
Gelsemin muriate . . 
Hyoscin hydrobromate 
Hyoscyamin .... 
Morphin sulphate . . 



gr. T2<v 

■ g r - tV 
gr. in ■ 
gr. t}o- 
gr.i- 

■ gr- \. 
gr. 3 V 
gr- -k- 
gr. t£tp 
gr- sV 
gr- ih- 
gr- -is ■ 
gr-i 



gr.*. 



gr- £. 
gr- 2 k- 



gr- f ■ 

gr- two- 
gr- sV 
gr.i- 
gr. I- 
gr- t&u- 
gr- tV 
gr- bV 
gr. ykr. 
each tablet 



containing one dose. They may readily be dissolved in a teaspoon at the bedside, and 
are very convenient for the pocket, if put up in a case with a good hypodermic syringe. 



CONFINEMENT TABLE. 



24 T 



i 

z 




V 

Q 


c 

•— > 




u 


< 


& 

2 


O 

G 
3 

•-> 


3 


3 
< 




w 







11 i>» 
co 




M UTN 
CO 




HI l» 

CO 




hi t«» 

CO 


CO 




CO 




HI I>» 

CO 


cV° 






Tf 

CO 


no 

CO 


O NO 
CO 


NO 

CO 


ONO 
CO 


t^ 

co 


co 


O NO 
CO 


OnO 
co 


%* 




On CO 
CM 


On CO 
CM 


On in 


On in 


On in 


On in 
CM 


On nO 
CM 


On in 
CM 


On m 
CM 


On m 
CM 


<8* 


00 m 


00 CM 
01 


00 CM 
CM 


^^ 


00 Tt- 


00 rj- 


00 "* 
CM 


00 m 

CM 


00 "tf- 
CM 


00 rj- 
CM 


00 Tj- 

CM 


rj.ro 


S* 


CM 


t*» hi 
CM 


t^ CO 


l^ CO 

M 


t>» CO 

CNJ 


t«^CO 
CM 


CM 


t^ CO 
CM 


t^ CO 
CM 


t-^ CO 
CM 


NO CM 
CM 


nO co 
CM 


NO H, 
CM CO 


CM co 


NO N 
M 


NO N 


VO N 


NO N 
CM 


NO CO 
CM 


NO CM 
CM 


NO CM 
CM 


NO CM 
CM 


CM 


mCM 
CM 


in 

cm co 


in 
cm co 


in hi 


in -* 


in hi 

CNl 


10 hi 
CM 


m N 

CM 


>n hi 

CM 


in hi 
CM 


in hi 

CM 


M co 


tJ-hi 
CM 


Th On 
CM CM 


r*- On 
cm cs 


^■00 


M CO 


tJ-O 

N CO 


CM CO 


Tj-H. 

CM 


CM CO 


rf- hi 
CM CO 


rJ-O 
CM CO 


co O 
CM co 


CO O 

CM CO 


CO 00 
CM CM 


co 00 




co 

N CO 


CO On 


CO O 
CM co 


CO O 
CM CO 


COO 
CM CO 


COO 
CM CO 


CO ON 
CM CM 


CM On 
CM M 


CM On 
CM M 


CM *^ 
CM CM 




N NO 


N On 


CJ 00 
<N) N 


CM On 
CM N 


CM On 
CM CM 


CM ON 
CM CM 


CM ON 
CM CM 


CM 00 
CM CM 


« 00 

CM CM 


h00 
CM CM 


MVO 

CM CM 


mnO 


HI IT! 


HI 00 


M t^ 

CNl CNl 


HI 00 

CM CM 


HI 00 

CM CM 


HI 00 
CM CM 


H.00 

CM CM 


HI t^ 
CM CM 


O 1^ 

CM CM 


CM CM 


O m 
CM CM 


O «n 






O NO 
M CNl 


O »>• 

CM CM 


O *•» 

CM CM 


O r- 

CM CM 


O *- 
CM CM 


NO 
CM CM 


On NO 
•h CM 


OnnO 
M CM 


ONrf 
11 CM 


OntJ- 


ON CO 
HI C* 


ON NO 
HI M 


Osm 

HI N 


On^O 
hi CM 


On NO 
hi CM 


ON NO 
hi CM 


2^ 


On in 

H. CM 


•-• cm 


00 m 

M M 


00 CO 
•" CM 


00 co 

Ml N 


00 N 
HI N 


00 m 

H. N 


^^ 


00 m 

hi CM 


00 tn 

M CM 


00 m 

hi CM 


°2c? 


00 rh 
H. CM 


« CM 


1-1 cm 


r^cM 

•H CM 


1-1 W 


t>. HI 

HI M 


HI M 


t><. co 

HI CNl 


hi CM 


1^ rf 

hi CM 


!>- Ti- 
nt CM 


h, CM 


t^» CO 

hi CM 


nO co 

M C* 


nO co 

M CM 


NO HI 
HI M 


NO M 


NO 

HI « 


NO CO 

M N 


NO M 

HI CNl 


NO CO 

hi CM 


vO CO 

HI CM 


no en 

hi CM 


NO co 
Z, CM 


NO CM 
hi CM 


m CM 

►" CM 


in cm 

M CM 


in O 
« CM 


in O 


H?« 


m N 

hN 


m HI 

HI CS 


S3 


m cm 

hi CM 


in cm 

hi CM 


in cm 

M CM 


in hi 

hi CM 


*-> CM 


?s 


rh On 


t*- On 


"^00 


?s 


hi CM 


hT^ 


hT5 


"t HI 

hi CM 


2T5 


rt-O 

hi CM 


co O 

1 CM 


?8 


CO 00 


C^OO 


coi>» 


co O 

HI CNt 


CO ON 


ro O 
h. CM 


CO O 
m CM 


CO O 
hi CM 


h?S 


CO ON 


CM ON 


CM On 


CM t-« 


N 1^ 

HI HI 


CI nO 


CJ On 


CM 00 


CM On 


CM On 


CM ON 


CI ON 


ri 00 


hi 00 


M 00 


M O 


-NO 
HI H. 


HI ITN 


hi 00 


HI t^. 


HI 00 


HI 00 


« CO 


m 00 


hi r-» 

- m 


O t^ 


£. 


O in 


O m 

HI - 


O 2" 


O f^ 


O NO 


O J> 


£• 


t^ 


2^ 


O NO 


OnnO 


On NO 


On rt- 


On^" 


On co 

HI 


On NO 


ONm 


ON NO 


On NO 


ON NO 




On in 


00 wn 


00 m 


00 co 


00 en 


00 N 

HI 


00 ^n 


00 ■+ 


OO ^n 


CO ""■ 

HI 


00 m 


00 ^n 


co ■* 


r^rh 


^ "* 


r^ n 


t>. N 


r>» hi 


^« 


r^. co 


i>» ■>*■ 


^« 


t» Tf 


t-. tJ- 


r-» to 


vO eo 


vO co 


vO ■-• 


Hi 


vO 


O **l 


NO CM 


NO CO 


NO CO 

HI 


NO CO 

HI 


vC CO 

HI 


NO "> 


m CM 


vn N 


in O 


in 


in On 


m N 


in — 


in cm 


in N 


in n 


m cm 


in hi 


^ H, 


■*- 


rj- On 


rt On 


^CO 


•*■ - 


+ 


"*" M 


Tf « 


*■- 


T ~ 


Tf O 


co O 


CO O 


CO00 


CO 00 


co t>» 


co 


CO On 


CO O 


CO O 


CO 


cn 


CO ON 


CM On 


« On 


CM t*. 


N t>. 


N NO 


N On 


CM 00 


CM On 


CM ON 


CM On 


CM On 


CM 00 


h, 00 


HI 00 


« vO 


H.NO 


hi \r> 


M 00 

A2 


hi r-» 


M 00 

<2 


h.00 


hi CO 


->- 


H,«^ 

X. U 1 


£0 


£ 2 




£.0 


v 3 


= 


O P 


HH ** 


IS* H4 



H 



16 



242 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 



~2- 
2^8 



X V T3 



65 

J 

a 
W 

Q 



2 e 



t/3 O g 



.2 o 

-P T3 






I SO Kg 

a g | § 

c fa -g c 

.S3 IS* 

^* ~ "£•£ 

Q rt C * * 3 



| a ^o 

si** 



T3 <u 



£ ^ _o ^ o nd 

*"d <n !2 <" 

£ t> <U 'O jj 

q -w H-* O " g 

£ » + I-slI 

cj .a ^> tJ .S^-S 

~ *• * o ~ 

rC T3 -U « > 

O _fi o *^> s\ s 

' & o £^ u ^ 

^||^2 

£ rt O O 

« O a <U rQ I 



O 

Q 


a 
o 






o o 
7? 


£> 


Hn . . « N O ih vO 


£> 


1 • 

H>N , 


Mi 




o 


00 . rt 


oo vn m O 

N T7 * 7 T 

=>ON • "">d 


u 

rt 

1 
o 
» . 

si 
M 

a 
o 

c 


Antifebrin. 

White arsenic. 

Boracic acid. 
Phenol, Phenic acid, 
Phenylic alcohol. 
Lemon-juice. 

Muriatic acid. 
Diluted muriatic acid. 
Prussic acid. 

Aqua fortis. 

Nitromuriatic acid. 


6 
£ 

rt 

s 

1 

o 

_c 
rt 


Acetanilidum. 

Acidum aceticum dilutum. 
arsenosum. 
benzoicum. 
boricum. 

carbolicum. -< 

citricum. 
gallicum. 
hydrochloricum. 

dilutum. 
hydrocyanicum dilutum, 
lacticum. 
nitricum. 

dilutum. 
nitrohydrochloricum. 
phosphoricum dilutum, 


[ 


d 

S 
ti 
G 

a 

IT 
5) 

c 

3 


Acetanilid. 
Acid : 

acetic, diluted. 

arsenous. 


benzoic, 
boric. 

carbolic. 

citric, 
gallic, 
hydrochloric. 

dilute, 
hydrocyanic dilute, 
lactic, 
nitric. 

dilute, 
nitrohydrochloric. 
phosphoric, dilute. 



DOSE-LIST. 



243 



000 

N N N <0 

m m O O 



.... . . Li. 1 

■ . . . . . HN<-*M t-l , . . 




\r\ OO O OOOmm 

*+ . . . . *" N *** . . ** M ""> , , . . fOvO — m u"> ■-< , , 

""> . . . . N u-> -W«,,HnWH«, | , , O O »i ""> N O . . 



-ol 

'S > 

•"r <*-i 

> o 



OH 



T3 • 
O « 
O C 









. E 



S 

s 

s s 



11 






ssls 

rt 3 ?> 



O o 



£ £ f» 



2 3 



.2 £ 



rt c 



WW 






c 
o 
S 
S 

3" «S rt 
I- O 3 

C/3 < 



lag 



r. 



ill 

5 <J u 



311 



"3 

O Si 

v * 



J I 

*i* - i 

5 a s s ° 

S -3 •« § :s 



a * 



<< 



3 ~ JJ «5 Ji . c 

< 



244 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 



1*~ 



4 I 



o 1 

Q 



I? 



UP 



O H 



9HN lO , g Jo X JO 



o g 



o 
a, 



W 



c 

<u <u o 
H * 2 



'll 






S > S 



i^s- 



o 
u 

2 

G 
O 

S 

o 

•3- 






I a- 



'3 '° .52 

n-! ^ *H 



gs 



^33 

8-sSS 
? ts _ 

ill 



8 | 



.S 



2 S 



^ 



„ s 

O 3 

To 



.S X .S 3 .^ O 



Si 

&/x 



3 8. 

o <u . 
a. - 



o .— . 



§ 73 



CD 



V) 



a g ,9-^ c 



0.-X3 -J3 

OT e c 
<< 



I II 



t5 






TJ 
>, 
^ 



cd £ 






„ 3 

•8 3 



"2 'S ° « 

rt -S . !> w g 

i! x <u g <+, la 

x « S ^o £ 

w 2 § -2 - 

« 3 C ts ts .H 

O g a> a> 

7 1 O tn m 

<<< 



DOSE- LI ST. 



245 



covO 

M CO 



00 "-> 

. . 44, . 


. . . 





'..I l 


O J© « 
• . m . • w • co thH< 
1 III 
• CO • • !© ■ O H» 

**G M 


« N N O « 
i-iH< O • • ""> COvO "O • vO CO 

It i i i i 11 



<u o i3 

52 rt o 

Rl O ft 

•c 

o o 
c/3 a> 



»0 


E 


53 


bs 


B 




3 


rt 


_L 


-^ 


1? 


tfl 




Si 


a 


rt 


aj 




CQfe 






<L) O 

rt 1-. 

J- S^ 

o tuo 

3 

cr 



3 1 



3W 



- d rt 



, Sis 

3 83 






R 

c 

G 

O 

1) 

J3 






— y 

"1 n e Ji 2 

■hSm 






E ;. 



Ml 



H < O M 3« 



r. » £ 

-I- 2 " = §5 
.S x « g.S 



3 s 

6.3 
c "2 

£ E 






3 












1 — 


"o 















m 

~c 

> 
O 

c 
. 

£% 

c '-3 

u 

52 




c 
.9 
3 
'o 

[fl 
0! 

"u 

U 

& 



sj 


emulsion of. 

tincture of. 
tropin sulphate, 
alsam of gurjun. 


a 

3 

— 
c 


s 

c 



3 

■~ 

X 

u 

13 
"3 
qa 

•ja 

u 

> 

rt 


< 




< 


<m 




pq 





o ~ 



3 T3 



o -3 
U E 



■3 s rt 1/5 
rt o o 



*t E 

Si 



a 



d^ a u c g s « 
w w w 3 rt . = 00 

3««M 



246 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 



1 « 



bo 



wo 



I. v 






i I I 



voO N O 



P. 



J- 









*> fl O O 

I PI 



S3 



u 

75, ^ 
S g 

J I 

s a 

eg pq pq 3H W O U 






="6 
II 

o S 

J3 o 



°5 .. 

2 '< 



3 .a ° 

O 



O - w x « 

ft D. ft :S 32S 

-6 g-jg- 8 



Cfl 



s 

I 

•Si 

•a a 






0:2" fc 



o a 

r 



1- 03 3 



a 
o 55, 



3 • £ 

1 jj£ . 'H^iM ;% a : 

2 4 § .9 a o 2 « .2 2 § 



o -n ft 

J3 O 



I 

en 






fO 3 o 
ft w '^J 



2 "8 






a rats 

§ 3 3 



DOSE- LIST. 



247 



? 


N 

r*1 


O 


vO 


LTi 


O 


u-> 


W> 


N 


' 


M 



A 




..I 

41 

u 



s 3 

rj is 

rt ex 

o O'C .. o — j 

., i- O IT. J-« •— CJ 

£ -3 H,^ s 5= -9 

CO CO 



o g o 

3 "H 3 



q= u ,3 



C ~ 3 



o -5 

'J _ 

I £ 

c: 



a s 



g 



U '-J 



X 3 






248 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 



6 

' 

P 


& 

g 

Q 


ia, given 


£ 


ii-i S* NO O 

T g ? ? ? 

IT) ^ 10 VO VO 

u 

.0 


4? 


7 i T -It 1 • •? • 7 


CP 


M .. . d . .... .. 





it O N nn -3 wO M Q O «"> 
.,.,.,,. no 'III* * * S I 1 1 

O.it.tnO.nri , u->io ro . . u . vn . u-> 

*■« - e Q ~ 
<4 


u 

~3 

& 

a 

si 
M 

c 

c 
>, 
in 


1 (Used as a deodorant 
J as tabloids.) 

Black snakeroot. 

j Quinin, > f 
1 Peruvian-bark. / \ 


e 

of 

a 

'0 


.5 

rt 
►J 


Oleum ricini. 

[Acacia catechu.') 

Tinctura catechu composita. 

Cerii oxalas. 

Mistura cretae. 

Pulvis cretae compositus. 

Creta praeparata. 

[Anthemis nobilis.) 

Carbo animalis purificatus 

ligni. 
Aqua laurocerasi. 
Chloral. 

Chloral um formamidatum. 
Calx chlorinata. 
Aqua chlori. 

Spiritus chloroformi. 
[Cimicifuga racemosa.) 
Extract, cimicifugae fluidum. 
Tinctura cimicifugae. 

[Cinchona officinalis.) 

Extractum cinchonae fluidum 
Extractum cinchonae. 
Tinctura cinchonae. 
Cinchoninae sulphas. 




u 

6 

c 

X! 
tn 

t 
4 


Castor oil. 
Catechu. 

tincture compound. 
Cerium oxalate. 
Chalk mixture. 

powder, compound. 

prepared. 
Chamomile, oil of. 

Charcoal, animal, purified. < 

Cherry-laurel water. 
Chloral hydrate. 
Chloralmid. 
Chlorid of lime. 
Chlorine-water. 
Chloroform : 

spirit of. 
Cimicifuga : 

fluid extract of. 

tincture of. 

Cinchona-bark : 

fluid extract of. 
extract of. 
tincture of. 
Cinchonin sulphate. 



DOSE-LIST. 



249 



% 




II 

c a 

3 3 



12 
• '3 

— Q= 

p* s 



d S 

3 o 

o 

<-> -9 

o o 



B K 



ft 
8| 



•* -A S 



».S ° 



rt C 



u g 



<u ri « £ s c « 



ow 



DO 



£ 1 5 2 S 35 

^ U 3 *g o £ O 

Q "o ~ ?o !p -^ Iq 



s I 8 



3 

c 



rt-Sa.tSlS 



WhOOuO ^U HUH > cfrw 



w 



pill 

-5 i o S ^ 





00 3 




22 . -° 






c 


rit of. 
cture of. 
5S, oil of 
, fluid ex 
in hydro 
ulus : 
id extrac 
cture of. 
a (cacao 


h 


g^ 


oC>rtrtO3C0 


U 


uuuu u 



•a 

•o 

o . 

o 3 



T3 ,2 

o o 
UU 



-7 X 

o o 
UU 






o 

C (U 

o 

3 



X 

■II 

U 






UU 



250 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 



1/1 . 

o 

Q 


M 

Pi 

O 




o 


^ 


lid £^S . . 8, 

ST3 O 1 I | I 

•o „«<« O vn to . vo 


IP 


. . . 4, . *!■ . M ^ M 


MO 


.... .... 


O 


5^ _Jo O _Jo 

. . .^ . -wh . . . . ~ H N H« . 

, , , £ .is 4.. . . , »n ^ - . .^. . 


"3 

Q. 
O 
(^ . 

U V 

°a 
sg 

§ 
>. 
to 


Foxglove. 

(A solvent.) 
Ergot of rye. 

Hoffmann's anodyne. 


4) 

s 

s 

'o 

ifl 

o 

rt 
►J 


Oleum tiglii. 

(Piper eubeba.) 
Extractum cubebae fluidum. 
Oleum cubebae. 
Oleoresina cubebae. 
Pulvis cubebae. 
Tinctura cubebae. 
Digitalinum. 
(Digitalis purpurea?) 
Extractum digitalis. 
Extractum digitalis fluidum. 
Infusum digitalis. 
Tinctura digitalis. 
Liquor arseni et hydrargyri 

iodidi. 
Pulvis ipecacuanhae et opii. 
Aqua destillata. 
Elaterinum. 
Elaterium. 
Extractum ergotae. 

fluidum. 
Vinum ergotae. 

^Ether aceticus. 
Spiritus aether. 




= 
5 

3 


Croton oil. 

Cubeb : 

fluid extract of. 

oil of. 

oleoresin of. 

powdered. 

tincture of. 
Digitalin. 
Digitalis : 

extract of. 

fluid extract of. 

infusion of. 

tincture of. 

Donovan's solution. -J 

Dover's powder. 
Distilled water. 
Elaterin. 
Elaterium. 
Ergot, extract of. 

fluid extract of. 

wine of. 
Eserin. 
Ether, acetic 

spirit of. 



DOSE-LIST. 



251 



a : 



I I 



,U 4. J. 



O OOO o o 

I I I I I I I I I I I ! I I 



**kr 



. « c 

C « 

o >- 

JS g 
"5.* 



£* 



c £ 



IS 

s a. 



J3 £ . 5 <u rt 

« P o s E 3 

ifslil 



O 
o 

g 

h 

.2 

'^ 






«' * E 
,2 g o 

sioi 

W^3 -C . 



ft 



6. =£ 



3,3 "5. 

C ~ O 



O 't/j 
>^ rt ' 



8 a 



2 £ -' «« ~ 

i §03 x 

*£ js cl "a, v <-• c 

« ^ g S 3 rt -f fi © g "5 

WWWW WW 



C kA _; c 



,0 o o u ~c v 



& 



252 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 



o 

N l-t N 

III III 



OONOO o oo 



I 

VO 



tf 



I I I I I I I 

HN |-| . . . . HJN . . Hfr^HlN . H|M M H|C4 • 



t*0 



p. 
o 

^ D 

°6 

as 



w 



15 



3 S 

S-i fl 

- <u s 



t3 ^ 



a a 



,£2 XS O O V 



.- a 



k 



s « 



— ill 



■g.S-'S&gJa s s £?a e^o 



<u . o 
>- <j C i> -> 



03 



.f 

a^ 

^3 a 



3 (3 3 C 12 



a s 



8\s 



a 

o 

CJ £3 

o o 



• Si. 

^3 H D 



"•8 

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V 

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IN | || || III 
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c 


a 


Blue flag. 

Carragheen moss. 

Identical with Liquor 
Ferri Perchloridi. 

Ferric hydrate. 

Copperas. 
Green vitriol. 


S 

C 

'0 

O 

.2 


Syrupus ipecacuanhae. 

Vinum ipecacuanhae. 
[Iris versicolor.) 
Extractum iridis. 

fluidum. 
[Chondrus crisflus.) 

Vinum ferri amarum. 

Ferri chloridum. < 

Tinctura ferri chloridi. 
Ferri citras. 
Ferrum dialysatum. 
Ferri peroxidum hydratum. 
Syrupus hypophosphitum 

cum ferro. 

ferri iodidi. 
Ferri phosphas solubilis. 

sulphas. < 

Vinum ferri citratis. 
Ferri et ammonii citras. 
Ferri et quininae citras. 
Ferri et strychninse citras. 




1 

c 

C 


Ipecacuanha (continued) : 
syrup of. 

wine of. 
Iris: 

extract of. 
fluid 
Irish moss. 
Iron : 

bitter wine of. 

chlorid of. 

tincture of. 
citrate, 
dialyzed. 
hydrated peroxid of 

liypophosphite, syrup of. < 

iodid of syrup, 
phosphate, soluble. 

sulphate of. 

wine of the citrate. 
Iron and ammonium citrate, 
and quinia citrate, 
and strychnin citrate. 



DOSE-LIST. 



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DOSE-LIST. 



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Picrotoxin. 
Pilocarpin hydrochl 

fluid extract. 
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fluid extract of. 
Port-wine. 
Potassium : 

acetate. 

bitartrate. 

bicarbonate. 

carbonate. 

chlorate. 


6 
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permanganate. 

sulphate. 
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extract of. 

fluid extract of. 






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Borax. 
Table salt. 

Glauber's salt. 


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c 

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Vinum xericum. 

Argenti iodidum. 

nitras. 

oxidum. 
{Mucilago ulmi.) 
Sapo viridis or mollis. 
Liquor sodse. 

Sodii acetas. 
arsenas. 
benzoas. 
bicarbonas. 
bisulphis. 
boras, 
carbonas. 

chloridum. 

hypophosphis. 

iodidum. 

nitras. 

phosphas. 

salicylas. 

sulphas. 




e 

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Sherry wine. 
Silver: 

iodid. 

nitrate. 

oxid. 
Slippery elm. 
Soap, green. 
Soda, solution of. 
Sodium : 

acetate. 

arsenate. 

benzoate. 

bicarbonate. 

bisulphite. 

borate. 

carbonate. 

chlorid. 

hypophosphite. 

iodid. 

nitrate. 

phosphate. 

salicylate. 

sulphate. 



DOSE- LIST. 



263 








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ABB RE VIA TIONS. 



265 



ABBREVIATIONS. 



aa., ana, equal parts of each. 

A. c, ante cibu?n, before meals. 

Add., adde, add to it. 

Ad. lib., ad libitum, as you please. 

Alt. dieb., alterna diebus, every other 

day. 
Alt. hor., alterna horis, every other 

hour. 
Alt. noc, alterna nocte, every other 

night. 
Ante cib., ante cibum, before meals. 
Applic., applicatur, apply. 
Aq., aqua, water. 

Aq. font., aquafontana, spring water. 
Aq. bull., aqua bulliens, boiling 

water. 
Aq. dest, aqua destillata, distilled 

water. 
Aq. marin., aqua marina, sea-water. 
Aq. pluvial., aqua pluvialis, rain- 
water. 
Aq. pur., aqua pur a, pure water. 
Bis hor, or bis horis, every two 

hours. 
Bis ind., bis in dies, twice a day. 
Bull., bulliat, let it boil. 
C. or Cong., congius, a gallon. 
c. c, cubic centimetre. 
Cap., capiat, let him take. 
Cent., centigrade. 

Cochleat., cochleatim, by spoonfuls. 
Cochl., cochleare, spoonful. 
Coch. mag., cochlear magnus, a 

tablespoon. 
Coch. med., cochlear medium, a 

dessertspoon. 
Coch. parv., cochlear parvum, a 

teaspoon. 
Comp., compositus, compound. 



Conf., confectio, a confection. 

Cort., cortex, bark. 

Cuj., cujus, of which. 

Decoct, hord., decoctum hordei, bar- 
ley-water. 

Decub., decubitus (a bed), lying 
down. 

Destil., destilla, distil. 

Det., detur, let it be given. 

Dil., dilutus, dilute. 

Dim., dimidius, one-half. 

Div., divide. 

Div. in p. seq., dividatur in partes 
cequales, divide into equal parts. 

Drachm., drachma, a drachm. 

Duo., duo, two. 

Emp., emplastrum, a plaster. 

Enem., enema. 

Extr., extractum, extract. 

F., Fahrenheit. 

F. mist., fiat mistztra, make a mixture. 

Far., faradic. 

Fe.,ferrum, iron. 

Filt, filtra, filter. 

F. pil., fiat pilula, make a pill. 

Fot., fotus, a fomentation. 

Freq., frequenter, frequently. 

Fl., or i.,fluidtis, fluid. 

Ft., fiat, let there be made. 

F3, fiuidrachma, fluidrachm. 

F%, fiuiduncia, fluidounce. 

Garg., gargarisma, a gargle. 

Gm., gramme. 

Gossyp., gossypium, cotton-wool. 

Gr., granum, a grain, or grana, 
grains. 

Gtt., gutta, a drop, or guttw, drops. 

Guttat., guttatim, by drops. 

Hg., hydrargyrum, mercury. 



266 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 



Hirud., hirudines, leeches. 

Hor. decub., hora decubitus, at bed- 
time. 

Ind., in dies, daily. 

Inf., infusum, an infusion. 

Inject., injectio, an injection. 

Lat. dol., lateri dolenti, to the 
affected side. 

L., litre. 

Lb., libra, a pound. 

Lib. or lbs., librce, pounds. 

Lim., limones, lemons. 

Liq., liquor. 

Lot., lotio, a lotion. 

M., misce, mix. 

Tl\,, minimum. 

Mac, macera, macerate. 

Man., manipulus, a handful. 

Mass. pil., massa pilularutn, pill- 
mass. 

Mel., mellita, honey. 

Mist., misiura, a mixture. 

No., numero, in number. 

Noct., node, at night. 

O., octarius, a pint. 

01., oleum, oil. 

01. oliv., oleum oliva, olive oil. 

O. m., omni matte, every morning. 

Ov., ovum, an egg. 

Oz., ttncia, ounce. 

P. or Tug., pugillus, a pinch 

P. c, post cibum, after meals. 

Pil., pilula, a pill. 

Pond., pondere, by weight. 

Pt., pint. 

P. R. N., pro re nata, as occasion 
arises. 

Pulv., pulvis, a powder. 

Q. d., quarter in die, four times a 
day. 



Q. P., quantum placet, as much as 

you please. 
Q. S., qtiantum sufficit, as much as 

is sufficient. 
Qt., quart. 

Quotid., quotidie, every day. 
Q. V., quantum vis, as much as you 

wish. 
R., recipe, take. 
Rad., radix, root. 
Rect., reciificatus, rectified. 
S. or Sig., signa, write. 
Scr., scrupulum, scruple. 
Sem., semen, seed. 
Sol., solution. 
Spr., spiritus, spirit. 
Sp. gr., specific gravity. 
St., stet, let it stand. 
SS. or s., semissis, a half. 
Sum., sumendus, to be taken. 
S. V. G., spiritus vini gallici, 

brandy. 
S. V. R., spiritus vini rectificatus, 

alcohol. 
S. F., spiritus fru?nenli, whiskey. 
Syr., syrupus, syrup. 
T., temperature. 
T., ter, three times. 
T. i. d., ter in dies, three times a day. 
Tr., tinctura, tincture. 
Troch., trochisci, lozenges. 
Ung., unguentum, ointment. 
W., weight. 
£, drachma, a drachm. 
^, uncia, an ounce. 
9, scrupulum, a scruple. 

2 dis., every two hours. 

3 tis., every three hours. 

4 tis., every four hours. 
6 tis., every six hours. 



GLOSSARY. 



The principal terms used in Materia Medica and Therapeutics, together 
with a Miscellaneous List of the newest drugs. 



Abluent. Cleansing. 

Abort, i. To miscarry. 2. To 
arrest the development of a disease. 

Abortient, Abortifacient. Caus- 
ing abortion ; also a drug which 
causes abortion. 

Absolute alcohol. Alcohol free 
from water and other impurities. 
The absolute alcohol of the Phar- 
macopeia should contain not more 
than 1 per cent, of water. 

Absorbent. 1. Sucking up moist- 
ure. 2. A medicine which absorbs 
or which stimulates absorption. 

Abstergent. Cleansing ; also a 
cleansing agent. 

Abstract. A powdered prepara- 
tion made from a drug or fluid ex- 
tract mixed with milk-sugar and 
having twice the strength of the 
original drug. 

A.-C.-E. mixture. An anesthetic 
mixture of 1 part of alcohol, 2 parts 
of chloroform, and 3 parts of ether. 

Acetal. A colorless liquid de- 
rived from alcohol, used as a hyp- 
notic and sedative. Dose, 1 to 2 dr. 
(4.0-8.0 gm.). 

Acetone. A colorless liquid with 
an acrid taste and sharp odor. It is 
anesthetic and anthelmintic. Dose, 
15 to 20 min. (0.9-1.3 c.c). 

Acetum. A medicinal prepara- 
tion with vinegar or dilute acetic 
acid. 

Acrid. Sharp, burning. 

Actol. Silver lactate, used as an 
antiseptic. 

Adjuvant. A remedy which assists 
the action of another. 



Affusion. 1. Treatment by pour- 
ing water upon the body. 2. A 
liquid poured upon the body. 

Agaricin. A poisonous principle 
derived from white agaric, used in 
night-sweats of phthisis. Dose, ^ to 
T Vgr. (0.003-0.004 gm.). 

Airol. Bismuth oxyiodogallate, 
or dermatol with the addition of 
iodin, used as a substitute for iodo- 
form. 

Albuminuretic. Causing an al- 
buminous state of the urine ; also a 
drug so acting. 

Alexipharmac, Alexipbarmic. A 
remedy which counteracts or pre- 
vents the effects of a poison. 

Alexipyretic. Driving off fevers ; 
febrifuge. 

Alkali. Any one of a class of 
substances having an acrid taste and 
caustic properties, combining with 
oil or fat to form soap, and turning 
red litmus blue. 

Alkaloid. Any alkaline principle 
obtained from the tissues of plants 
and animals. 

Alsol. Aluminum acetotartrate, 
used as an antiseptic for the mouth 
and throat. 

Alterant, Alterative. A medi- 
cine which alters the process of 
nutrition and excretion, restoring 
the normal functions of the body by 
a gradual process. 

Attimonol. A preparation said to 
contain acetanilid, sodium bicarbon- 
ate, and ammonium carbonate. 

Amyloform. A white powder, a 
compound of starch and formalde- 

267 



268 



GLOSSARY. 



hyd. It is used as an antiseptic and 
deodorizer. 

Analeptic, i. Restorative; cor- 
dial. 2. A restorative medicine. 

Analgesic. A medicine that re- 
lieves pain. 

Analgin. Creolin. 

Anarcotin. An alkaloid of opium, 
said to be a valuable antiperiodic. 

Anesin. Said to be an aqueous 
solution of acetone-chloroform, used 
as a hypnotic and local anesthetic. 
Dose, 7 to 15 gr. (0.45-0.9 gm.). 

Anesthesia. Insensibility to pain. 

Anesthetic. An agent that pro- 
duces insensibility to pain. 

Anidrotic. Arresting the secre- 
tion of sweat; also, a medicine so 
acting. 

Anilin. An oily liquid dye from 
coal-tar. It is very poisonous and 
has been used as a nervine in chorea 
and epilepsy. Dose, 1 to 2 gr. (0.064- 
0.13 gm.). 

Anitin. A new antiseptic and 
germicidal preparation. 

Anodyne. An agent or medicine 
that relieves pain. 

Antacid. A medicine that neutral- 
izes acidity. 

Antacidin. Saccharate of lime, 
used to correct acid dyspepsia. 

Antagonist. A drug that destroys 
or interferes with the effect of an- 
other. 

Antalgic. Relieving pain ; ano- 
dyne. 

Antalkaline. Neutralizing alka- 
linity. 

Antapolectic. Relieving apo- 
plexy. 

Antasthmatic. A remedy for the 
relief of asthma. 

Anthelmintic. A remedy for the 
destruction and expulsion of worms. 

Anthrarobin. A yellowish pow- 
der derived from alizarin, used in 
ointment in skin-diseases. 

Anthypnotic. An agent to pre- 
vent sleep. 

Antiarthritic. Useful in gouty 
conditions. 

Anticholerin. A derivative from 
cultures of cholera bacilli, used in 
cholera. 

Anticonvulsive. Useful against 
convulsions. 



Antidinic. A remedy for vertigo. 

Antidiphtherin. A derivative 
from cultures of diphtheria bacillus, 
used in diphtheria. 

Antidote. A remedy which coun- 
teracts the action of poisons. 

Antiemetic. A remedy which 
lessens nausea and vomiting. 

Antifebrile. Reducing fever. 

Antigalactic. Diminishing the se- 
cretion of milk. 

Antihydropin. A diuretic sub- 
stance obtained from cockroaches. 
Dose, 10 to 20 gr. (0.6-1.3 S m -)- 

Antikamnia. A patent anodyne 
and antipyretic preparation, said to 
be a mixture of acetanilid, sodium 
bicarbonate, caffein, and tartaric acid. 
Dose, 4 to 10 gr. (0.26-0.65 gm.). 

Antilithic. A remedy which acts 
on the kidneys, preventing the forma- 
tion of calculi. 

AntilUCtiC. Same as Antisyphi- 
litic. 

Antimigraine. A mixture of caf- 
fein, antipyrin, and sugar, used in 
migraine. 

Antinephritic. Useful in kidney- 
disease. 

Antinervin. A preparation con- 
taining acetanilid, ammonium bro- 
mid, and salicylic acid. It is used 
as an antipyretic and antirheumatic. 
Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.). 

Antiparalytic. Relieving para- 
lytic symptoms. 

Antiparasitic. Destroying or 
preventing the access of parasites. 

Antiperiodic. A medicine pre- 
venting the return of periodic symp- 
toms, especially malarial attacks. 

Antiphlogistic. An agent that re- 
duces inflammation or fever. 

Antipruritic. Relieving or pre- 
venting itching. 

Antipyretic. A remedy for re- 
ducing temperature ; a febrifuge. 

Antirabic. Curing or preventing 
rabies. 

Antirheumatic. Relieving or pre- 
venting rheumatism. 

Antirheumatin. A combination 
of sodium salicylate and methylene- 
blue, used in rheumatism. Dose, 
1 to 2 gr. (0.065-0.13 gm.). 

Antiscorbutic. 1. Preventing 
scurvy. 2. A remedy for scurvy. 



GLOSSARY. 



269 



Antisepsin. An odorless, taste- 
less crystalline substance, used as an 
antipyretic, analgesic, and antiseptic. 
Dose, J to 1 gr. (0.03-0.06 gm.). 

Antiseptic. Preventing the growth 
of germs and putrefaction. 

AntiseptOl. A reddish-brown 
powder, the iodosulphate of quinin, 
used as a substitute for iodoform. 

Antisialic. An agent that de- 
creases the flow of saliva. 

Antispasmin. A combination of 
narcein sodium and sodium salicyl- 
ate. It is hypnotic and sedative in 
painful and convulsive conditions, 
especially whooping-cough. 

Antispasmodic. A medicine which 
cures or counteracts a spasm. 

Antisudoral. Preventing sweat- 
ing. 

Antisyphilitic. Relieving syphilis 
or its symptoms. 

Antithermic. Same as Antipy- 
retic. 

Antithermin. A colorless, crys- 
talline powder, used as an antipy- 
retic. Dose, 5 gr. (0.3 gm.). 

Antitoxin. A substance or serum 
used to counteract a disease by sub- 
cutaneous injections. 

Antivenene. Blood-serum from 
animals immunized against snake- 
bite. 

Antizymotic. An agent or medi- 
cine that arrests fermentative proc- 
esses. 

Anusol. The iodoresorcin sul- 
phonate of bismuth, used as a 
remedy for hemorrhoids and catarrh, 
fissure^ and pruritus of the rectum 
and vagina. 

Apocodein. A derivative of co- 
dein, used as an expectorant in 
bronchitis. Dose, 3 to 4 gr. (0.2- 
0.25 gm.). 

Apolysin. Phenetidin citrate, 
with properties resembling phenace- 
tin. Dose, 5 to 30 gr. (0.3-2 gm.). 

Aqueous. Watery ; prepared with 
water. 

Aqueous extract. A solid prepa- 
ration of drugs made from watery 
or aqueous solutions. 

Argentamin. A solution of silver 
phosphate in ethylendiamin, used as 
an antiseptic, especially in catarrhal 
conditions of the nose and throat. 



Argonin. A mixture of silver 
nitrate with [sodium and casein, 
used for gonorrhea in 2 per cent, 
solution. 

Aromatic. A medicine having a 
spicy odor and taste, and stimulant 
to the gastrointestinal mucous mem- 
brane. 

Asepsin. Same as Antisepsin. 

Aseptic. Free from germs and 
septic material. 

AseptOl. Reddish syrupy liquid, 
used as an antiseptic in diseases of 
the bladder, eye, and skin. 

Asparagin. A derivative of aspar- 
agus. Its hydrargyrate is a colorless 
liquid, used as a diuretic. Dose, \ gr. 
(0.01 gm.). 

Aspidospermin. An alkaloid from 
the bark of quebracho, used in affec- 
tions of the respiratory tract, such as 
asthma, etc. Dose, \ to \ gr. (0.016- 
0.03 gm.). 

Astringent. A medicine which 
causes contractions and arrests the 
flow of secretions. 

Attenuant. A medicine supposed 
to cause thinness of the blood or 
secretions. 

Bactericide. An agent that de- 
stroys bacteria. 

Base. The principal active agent 
in a prescription. 

Bebeerin. An alkaloid from Nec- 
tandra rodicei. The sulphate is used 
as an antiperiodic. Dose, 2 to 5 gr. 
(0.15-0.3 gm.). 

Benzanalgen. A colorless, crys- 
talline derivative of chinolin. It is 
antiseptic, antithermic, and antineu- 
ralgic. Dose, -j\ to 45 gr. (0.5-3.0 
gm.) daily. 

Benzonaphthol. A white, crys- 
talline powder, used as an intestinal 
antiseptic, especially for children. 
Dose, 4 to 8 gr. (0.25-0.50 gm.). For 
children according to age. 

Bismutan. A yellow powder, with 
a sweet taste, said to contain bismuth, 
rcsorcin, and tannic acid. Used in 
the diarrhea of children. Dose, 8 to 
15 S r - (0.52-0.97 gm.). 

Bitters. Medicines having a bit- 
ter taste and increasing the tone of 
the gastrointestinal mucous mem- 
brane. They are divided into simple 



270 



GLOSSARY. 



bitters, or those which simply stimu- 
late the digestive tract ; and aromatic 
bitters, or those that have the proper- 
ties of aromatics as well. 

Cachet (kah-sha'). A wafer or 
capsule for medicines. 

Cactina. A preparation of Night- 
blooming Cereus, said to be a heart- 
stimulant. 

Calefacient. Causing or produc- 
ing a feeling of warmth. 

Calmant, Calmative. A calming, 
sedative medicine. 

Capillaire. A demulcent syrup 
of maiden-hair fern. 

Capsule. A soluble case for en- 
closing a dose of medicine. 

Captol. A derivative of tannin 
and chloral. It is a brown powder, 
and is used in solution as a lotion in 
seborrhea. 

Cardiac. Relating to the heart. 

Cardiac sedative. A drug that 
decreases the force and frequency of 
the heart's action. 

Cardiac stimulant. A drug that 
increases the force and frequency of 
the heart's action. 

Cardiant. A medicine affecting 
the heart. 

Carminative. A medicine ex- 
pelling gas from the stomach and 
Dowels. 

Carpain. Active principle from 
Carica papaya, used like digitalis in 
heart-affections. Dose, hypoder- 
mically, ^ to \ gr. (0.006-0.01 
gm.). 

Carvacrol. A thick oily substance 
from the essential oil of a species of 
Origanum. It is used as a local 
antiseptic in wounds and skin-dis- 
eases in the form of powder or oint- 
ment. 

Cataphoresis. Introduction of 
medicines into the system by means 
of the electric current. 

Cataplasm. A poultice. 

Cathartic. Purgative ; also a 
purgative medicine. 

Caustic. A substance which burns 
and destroys the life of the part to 
which it is applied. 

Cauterant. A caustic material or 
application. 

Celastin. An alkaloid from 



Celastrus edulis, with properties simi- 
lar to those of cocain. 

Cerate. A greasy substance con- 
sisting of wax mixed with oils, fatty 
substances, or resins, and of such con- 
sistence that at ordinary temperature 
it can be readily spread upon linen 
or muslin, and yet so firm that it will 
not melt or run when applied to the 
skin. 

Cerebral sedative. An agent 
which decreases the activity of the 
brain. 

Cerebral stimulant. An agent 
which increases the activity of the 
brain. 

Cerebrospinant. A medicine 
which affects the brain and spinal 
cord. 

Cetaceum. Spermaceti. 

Cetrarin. An alkaloid from Ice- 
land moss, used as a stomachic, and 
in anemia and chlorosis. Dose, 3 to 
6 gr. (0.2-0.4 g m -) m P u l fo rm - 

Chinosol. A new antiseptic, bac- 
tericide, and disinfectant. It is used 
locally in solutions of from -^fe^ to 

Chloral-caffein. A combination 
of chloral and caffein, used in 
rheumatic affections. Dose, hy- 
podermically, 3 to 4J gr. (0.2-0.3 
gm.). 

Cholagogue. A remedy that in- 
creases the secretion of bile. 

Cicatrizant. An agent which pro- 
motes cicatrization. 

Cocainism. Chronic poisoning 
from the improper use of cocain. 

Collutory. A mouth-wash or gar- 
gle. 

Collyrium. An eye-lotion. 

Compatibility. The quality of 
being suitable for administration with 
another specified medicine. 

Condurango. The bark of Gono- 
lobus Condurango, iised as an alter- 
ative in syphilis and cancer. Dose 
of fluid extract, 20 to 30 min. (1.2-2 
gm.). 

Confection. A mixture of a me- 
dicinal substance with sugar, honey, 
or syrup. 

Contraindication. A condition 
which forbids any particular course 
of treatment. 

Convolvulin. A derivative from 



GLOSSARY. 



271 



Ipomcea purga, used as a purgative. 
Dose, i| to 3 gr. (0.09-0.18 gm.). 

Convulsant. A medicine that pro- 
duces convulsions. 

Comutin. An active principle of 
ergot. It is a brownish powder, use- 
ful in genitourinary hemorrhages 
and in spermatorrhea. Dose, \ to \ 
gr. (0.01-0.015 gm.) daily. 

Coronilla. A plant, of which the 
tincture and the powder from the 
flowers are used as heart-tonics. 

Corrective. A drug which modi- 
fies the action of another drug. 

Corrosive. Eating away the tis- 
sues; also, a substance so acting. 

Cosaprin. A derivative of acet- 
anilid. It is a grayish powder with 
antipyretic properties. 

Cosmetic. A substance used for 
beautifying. 

Counterirritant. An agent which 
produces counterirritation. 

Counterirritation. Irritation ap- 
plied at some part to relieve pain, 
reduce inflammation, or hasten ab- 
sorption at another point, having 
some vascular or nervous connection 
with the first part. 

Culicifuge. An application to pre- 
vent mosquito-bites. 

Cumulative action. A sudden 
marked effect after the administra- 
tion of a number of ineffective doses 
of a drug.) 

Dacryagogue. A medicine that 
induces a flow of tears. 

Debilitant. A remedy which re- 
duces excitement. 

Decalvant. An agent that re- 
moves or destroys hair. 

Decoction. The extract obtained 
from any substance by boiling it in 
water. 

Deliquescent. Having a tendency 
to become liquid by absorbing moist- 
ure from the air. 

Deliriant, Delirifacient. A med- 
icine that produces delirium. 

Demulcent. A remedy which 
soothes sensitive surfaces and pro- 
tects them from irritation. 

Dentifrice. A tooth-powder or 
tooth-paste. 

Deobstnicnt. A medicine which 
removes obstructions ; an aperient. 



Deodorant. A substance that will 
remove or correct offensive odors. 

Deodorizer. Destroyer of odors. 

Deoxidize. To deprive of oxygen. 

Depilatory. An agent that de- 
stroys or removes the hair. 

Depressant. A medicine which 
reduces the beatings of the heart, 
and the vital energies in general. 

Depresso-motors. Drugs that 
lessen muscular activity. 

Depurant, Depurative. Purify- 
ing; cleansing; also, a cleansing 
medicine. 

Derivant, Derivative. A medi- 
cine or agent drawing blood from 
the seat of disease. 

Desiccant, Desiccative. Promot- 
ing dryness ; drying. 

Detergent. Cleansing ; a cleansing 
medicine or lotion. 

Devorative capsule. A capsule 
to be filled with medicine and swal- 
lowed. 

Diaphoretic. A remedy which 
increases the perspiration. 

Diaphtherin. Oxyquinaseptol, a 
yellow powder, with powerful anti- 
septic properties. 

Digestant, Digestive. A remedy 
which aids digestion ; a digestive 
tonic. 

Dilatant. An agent or medicine 
that causes dilatation. 

Diluent. A medicine supposed to 
increase the fluidity of the blood. 

Discutient. A remedy which 
causes the disappearance and reso- 
lution of morbid matter. 

Disinfectant. An agent which 
destroys germs, noxious gases, and 
other infectious matters. 

Diuretics. Medicines which in- 
crease the flow of the urine. They 
are distinguished as alterative diuret- 
ics, or those that are used for their 
local effects on the surfaces over 
which they pass; hydra£<<^i(e diuret- 
ics, or those that increase the flow of 
water from the kidneys ; indirect 
diuretics, or those that act by reliev- 
ing renal compression or congestion ; 
mechanical diuretics, or those which 
increase secretion by washing out the 
urinary tubules; saline diuretics, 
which, as they are absorbed, carry 
water into the blood ; refrigerant 



272 



GLOSSARY. 



diuretics, those that render the urine 
less irritating; and saline diuretics, 
which act by stimulating the secreting 
elements of the kidneys. 

Dose. A portion of medicine to 
be taken at one time. 

Draught. A liquid medicine to 
be swallowed in a single dose. 

Ecbolic. A medicine which hastens 
labor, or expels the contents of the 
pregnant uterus. 

Efflorescent. Becoming powdery 
by losing the water of crystallization. 

Electuary. A preparation made 
by mixing powders with syrup, honey, 
or other sweet vehicle. 

Elixir. A solution of a medicinal 
substance in water, rendered agree- 
able to the taste and smell by sugar 
and aromatics. 

Embrocation. A liquid to be ap- 
plied to the body with the hand. 

Emesis. Vomiting. 

Emetic. A medicine to produce 
vomiting. A direct or mechanic emetic 
acts on the nerves of the stomach ; 
an indirect or systemic emetic acts 
through the blood. 

Emmenagogue. A medicine which 
promotes the flow of the menses. A 
direct emmenagogue acts directly on 
the sexual organs; an indirect em- 
menagogue acts by relieving some 
causative condition. 

Emollient. A softening and sooth- 
ing application or liniment. 

Emplastrum. A plaster. 

Emulsion. An oily or resinous 
medicine suspended in water through 
the agency of adhesive substances. 

Eosote. Valerianate of creosote, 
used in tuberculosis and as an in- 
testinal antiseptic. It is given in 
capsules containing 3 gr. 

Epispastic. Vesicants. 

Errhine. A remedy which in- 
creases the discharge from the mu- 
cous membrane of the nostrils. 

EscharotiC. See Caustic. 

Essence. A strong solution of 
one part of volatile oil in four of 
rectified spirits. 

Essential oil. A volatile oil. 

Eucain. An artificial alkaloid ; a 
local anesthetic. Used like cocain in 
\ to 1 per cent, solutions. 



Euchinin. A product of the action 
of ethylchlorocarbonate on quinin, 
having properties like quinin without 
its disagreeable symptoms. 

Eudoxin. A red powder, the 
bismuth salt of nosophen, used as an 
intestinal antiseptic. 

Eugenol. An aromatic liquid from 
oil of cloves and other essential oils, 
used as an antiseptic. Dose, 10 to 15 
min. (0.6-0.9 c.c.). 

Evacuant. A medicine which 
empties the bowels. 

Excipient. An inactive substance 
added to the active medicines of a 
prescription to give it a suitable form 
or bulk. 

Excitant. A medicine which 
arouses functional activity. 

Excitomotor. An agent that ex- 
cites motion and functional activity ; 
a stimulant. 

Exhilarant. A remedy that causes 
elation of spirits. 

Expectorant. A medicine which 
increases the expectoration. 

Extract. A medicinal preparation 
made by extracting the ingredients 
of vegetable substances. An extract 
is a solid preparation, a fluid extract 
is a liquid preparation. 

Febrifuge. An agent for allaying 
fever. 

Febrile. Relating to fever. 

Ferment. A substance that causes 
fermentation in other substances with 
which it comes in contact. 

Ferratin. A reddish-brown pow- 
der, said to be an iron-compound 
from hog's liver. Dose, 2 to 5 gr. 
(0.13-0.33 gm.). 

Filtrate. A liquor which has 
passed through a filter. 

Flatulence. Accumulation of gas 
in the stomach or intestines. 

Fuchsin. A dye-substance said to 
be valuable in albuminuria and 
typhus fever. Dose, in pill with 
glycerin or tragacanth, \ to 4 gr. 
(0.03-0.25 gm.). 

GaietOl. An oily liquid allied to 
guaiacol, with antipyretic and anal- 
gesic properties. 

Galactagogue. Increasing the 



GLOSSARY. 



273 



flow of milk ; also a medicine so 
acting. 

Galactophygous. Checking the 
flow of milk. 

Gallobromol. A white crystalline 
substance, used like potassium bro- 
mid in nervous disorders. Dose, 7J 
gr. to 2 dr. (0.5-8 gm.). 

Geosote. Valerianate of guaiacol. 

Germicide. An agent or drug 
that destroys microbes. 

Glutol. A combination of formalin 
with gelatin, used as a local disin- 
fectant. 

Glycerite. A mixture of a medi- 
cine with glycerin. 

Helminthagogue. Same as Ver- 
mifuge. 

Hemagogue. Promoting a flow 
of blood. 

Hematic tonic. A blood-tonic. 

Hematinic. An agent that in- 
creases the hemoglobin in the blood. 

Hemogallol. A reddish-brown 
powder, obtained by the action of 
pyrogallol on the hemoglobin of the 
blood. It is used in anemia and 
chlorosis. Dose, 3 to 8 gr. (0.2-0.5 
gm.). 

Hemoglobin. The red coloring- 
matter of blood, used in anemia and 
chlorosis. Dose, i\ to 3 gr. (0.1- 
0.18 gm.). 

Hemol. A blackish-brown pow- 
der, obtained by the action of zinc- 
dust on the coloring-matter of blood, 
used in chlorosis. Dose, x\ to 7J gr. 
(0.1-0.5 gm.). 

Hemostatic. An agent to arrest a 
flow of blood. 

Holocain. A derivative of phe- 
netidin, used as a local anesthetic, 
especially in surgery of the eye. 

Hydracetin. A colorless crystal- 
line substance, used in skin-diseases, 
especially psoriasis, in a 10 per cent, 
ointment. 

Hydragogue. A purgative which 
causes the discharge of water from 
the system. 

Hydrargyria. A sort of eczema 
caused by taking mercury. 

Hydrafgyrol. A brownish-red 
compound containing mercury and 
phenol. It is an antiseptic with an 
agreeable odor. 

18 



Hyperpyrexia. Excess of fever. 
Hypnotic. Agent for causing 
sleep. 
Hypodermic, Hypodermatic. 

Under the skin ; a term applied to 
injections made under the skin by 
means of a hypodermic syringe. 

Hypodermoclysis. Injection of 
fluid into the subcutaneous tissues. 

Iatraliptic method. The applica- 
tion of remedies by friction and in- 
unction. 

Idiosyncrasy. An individual pe- 
culiarity in regard to the action of 
certain drugs, their action and effect 
being entirely different to what is ex- 
pected. 

Incompatible. Not suitable for 
combination or administration to- 
gether: said of two medicines or 
drugs. 

Infusion. A medicinal prepara- 
tion made by extracting the active 
principles of a substance by pouring 
hot or cold water upon it and letting 
it stand. 

Inoculation. The injecting of 
diseased fluid from the body of one 
creature into the body of another, as 
calf-lymph is used for vaccination. 

Iodoformogen. A preparation of 
iodoform and albumin, used as an 
odorless substitute for iodoform. 

Iodophenin. A compound of 
iodin and phenacetin, used as an an- 
tiseptic dressing. 

Irritant. An agent which causes 
excitation and stimulates action. 

Itrol. Silver citrate ; used in the 
treatment of gonorrhea. 

Izol. A disinfectant and germi- 
cide produced in the manufacture 
of coke. It is said to be superior to 
carbolic acid. Used in strength of \ 
to 1 per cent. 

Eairin. A bitter substance used 
with quinin as an antiperiodic. Dose, 
5 to 15 gr. (0.3-1 gm.). 

Kava-kava. The root and resin 
of Piper mctiLysticum ; used as a tonic 
in gonorrhea and cystitis. Dose of 
fluid extract, 15 to 60 min. (1-4 c.c). 

Kola. The seeds of Sterarbia 
acuminata; used as cardiac and nerve- 
stimulant. 



274 



GLOSSARY. 



Kryofin. A white crystalline coal- 
tar product, used as an antipyretic 
and hypnotic. Dose, 4 to 7J gr. 
(0.25-0.5 gm.). 

LactagOgue. A medicine for in- 
ducing milk secretion. 

Lactifuge. A drug that lessens 
the secretion of milk. 

Largin. A light-gray powder, rec- 
ommended for gonorrhea. 

Laxative. A mild purgative. 

Lethal dose. A deadly or fatal 
dose. 

Liniment. A liquid for external 
application. 

Liquor. A solution of active sub- 
stances in water. 

Lithontriptic. A medicine which 
acts as a solvent for calculi. 

Lotion. A solution for external 
use : it may be evaporating or non- 
evaporating. 

Lozenge. A sweet medicated tab- 
let. 

Lycetal. A compound used as a 
solvent of uric acid. Dose, 15 to 45 
gr. (1-3 gm.). 

Lysidin. A pinkish crystalline 
substance, used as a solvent for uric 
acid. Dose, 1 to 5 gr. (0.065-0.33 
gm.). 

Maceration. The process of soft- 
ening a solid by soaking. 

Malakin. A salicylic derivative, 
used as an antipyretic and anodyne. 
Dose, 7I to 15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 

Materia medica. The branch of 
medical science which deals with 
drugs, their sources and prepara- 
tion. 

Menstruum. A solvent medium. 

Methylal. A derivative of methyl 
alcohol, used as a local anesthetic 
and hypnotic. Dose, 5 to 15 min. 
(0.3-0.9 c.c), 

Microcidin. A mixture of naph- 
tol with sodium hydrate, used as an 
antiseptic in solutions of from 3 to 5 
in 1000. 

Migrainin. A preparation of anti- 
pyrin, caffein, and citric acid, used in 
migraine and influenza. Dose, 10 to 
15 gr. (0.7-1 gm.). 

Mixture. A medicine consisting 
of several liquids mixed together, or 



of a liquid containing solid matter in 
suspension. 

Mucilage. Medicinal prepara- 
tions of soluble gummy substances 
dissolved in water. 

Mussanin. Acacia antkelmintica, 
recommended as a powerful anthel- 
mintic. Dose of infusion, 1 to 2 oz. 
(32-64 gm.). 

Mydriatic. A drug used to dilate 
the pupil of the eye. 

Myotic. A drug which causes the 
pupil to contract. 

Napellin. An alkaloid from Acon- 
itum napellus, used as an antineu- 
ralgic. Dose, \ to § gr. (0.01-0.03 
gm.). 

Naphthalan. A new ointment- 
base from crude naphtha peculiar to 
the Caucasus. 

Narcotic. A medicine which in- 
duces sleep. 

Nauseant. A drug or agent that 
induces nausea. 

Nerve-sedative. An agent which 
has a soothing influence on the 
nervous system. 

Nervine. A drug increasing the 
tone of the nervous system ; a nerve- 
tonic. 

Neurotic. A drug which acts on 
the nervous system. 

Nosophen. A yellow powder, pre- 
pared by treating phenolphthalein 
with iodin ; used as a local antiseptic. 

Nutriant. A drug that modifies 
the nutritive processes. 

Nutrose. The sodium-salt of 
casein, used as a nutrient food-prep- 
aration. 

Obstruent. A medicine that causes 
obstruction. 

Official. Recognized by the U. S. 
Pharmacopeia. 

Officinal. Regularly kept in stock 
in drug stores. 

Ointment. A fatty medicated 
preparation of such consistency that 
it melts when rubbed upon the skin. 
Ointments are prepared from lard, 
vaselin, or lanolin. 

Oleaginous. Oily. 

Oleate. A solution of a substance 
in oleic acid. 

Oleoresin. A principle consisting 



GLOSSARY. 



275 



of a mixture of a resin with a natural 
oil, extracted from vegetable sub- 
stances by the action of ether. 

Oleum. Oil. 

Opiate. A drug which causes 
sleep. 

Orphol. A compound of beta- 
naphtol and bismuth, used as an in- 
testinal antiseptic and astringent. 
Dose, 5 to 15 gr. (0.32-1 gm.). 

OrthOform. A new local anes- 
thetic, being a synthetic cocain. 
Given also internally in doses of 7J 
to 15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 

Oxytocic. A medicine which pro- 
motes uterine contraction and thus 
hastens labor. 

Pancreatin. The active principle 
of pancreatic juice. 

Paraform. A white crystalline 
substance, used as an antiseptic and 
disinfectant. Dose, j\ to 15 gr. (0.5- 
1 gm.). 

Parasiticide. An agent that de- 
stroys parasites on the skin. 

Parturifacient. A medicine that 
facilitates childbirth. 

Pastille. A sugared confection ; a 
lozenge. 

Pellotin. A hypnotic alkaloid, 
from Echifiocactus. Dose, hypo- 
dermically, | to | gr. (0.02-0.4 

gm-)- 

Pental. A colorless liquid, used 
as a general and local anesthetic. It 
has a tendency to depress the circu- 
lation. 

Percolation. The extraction of 
the soluble parts of a drug by means 
of a liquid solvent. 

Periplocin. A poisonous principle 
from Periploca Grceca, used in minute 
doses in circulatory diseases. 

Peronin. A dirty white powder, 
derived from morphin, and used as a 
substitute for morphin. Dose, \ to £ 
gr. (0.01 1-0.033 gm.). 

Pharmacodynamics. The study 
of the action of drugs. 

Pharmacography. The study of 
crude drugs and medicines. 

Pharmacology. The science of 
drugs, especially of their actions. 

Pharmacopeia. An authoritative 
treatise on drugs and their prepara- 
tions. 



Pharmacy. The art of preparing 
and compounding medicines. 

Phenosalyl. An antiseptic com- 
bination of carbolic, salicylic, and 
lactic acids with menthol and euca- 
lyptol. Used in solution of 1 to 2 
per cent. 

Phesin. A reddish-brown powder, 
derived from phenacetin, with anti- 
pyretic properties. 

Phosphorescence. Emission of 
light without heat. 

Placebo. A medicine given to 
gratify a patient or simply to affect 
his imagination. 

Plasmins. Liquid derivatives of 
the cell-secretions of lower organ- 
isms, used to give immunity against 
the action of the organisms from 
which they are derived. 

Prophylactic. 1. Warding off 
disease. 2. A medicine that tends 
to ward off disease. 

Protargol. A yellowish powder, 
said to be a combination of silver 
with a proteid base. Used as an an- 
tiseptic. 

Protective. An agent used to 
cover a part, as collodion and gutta- 
percha. 

Protein. An artificial compound 
almost similar to white of egg. 

Ptomain. An alkaloid substance, 
produced by putrefactive processes 
in animal and vegetable tissues. 

Ptyalagogue. A sialagogue. 

Pulver, Pulvis. A powder. 

Purgative. Medicine for causing 
evacuation of the bowels. 

Pustulant. A drug that produces 
pustules. 

Pyraloxin. A dark-brown powder, 
a product of pyrogallol, used as a 
substitute for the latter in skin-dis- 
eases. 

Pyramidon. A yellowish-white 
powder, derived from antipyrin, and 
used as an antipyretic and analgesic. 
Dose, 3 to 8 gr. (0.2-0.52 gm.). 

Pyrantin. A derivative of suc- 
cinic acid and phenacetin, recom- 
mended as an antipyretic. 

Pyrazol. A compound s 
have satisfactory diuretic properties. 
Dose, 15 to 30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 

Pyrexia. Elevation of tempera- 
ture ; fever. 



2/6 



GLOSSARY. 



Rectified. Refined. 

Refracta dosi. Latin for " In re- 
peated and divided doses." 

Refrigerant. An agent used to 
relieve fever and thirst. 

Relaxant. An agent to diminish 
tension. 

Repellent. Dispelling a swelling 
by causing the matter that produces 
it to be absorbed. 

Resin. A medicinal preparation 
precipitated by water from alcoholic 
mixtures of various drugs. 

Resolvent. A medicine producing 
subsidence of a disease with restora- 
tion of the parts to their normal con- 
dition. 

Resorbin. An ointment-base pre- 
pared from pure almond-oil and wax 
by emulsion with water and adhesive 
solution. 

Restorative. A remedy which 
restores to a condition of health and 
vigor. 

Retinol. A hydrocarbon distilled 
from rosin ; used as an ointment- 
basis and having stimulating, anti- 
septic properties. 

Revulsant, Revulsive. A drug 
or measure adopted to draw blood 
from a distant part. 

Rhigolene. The light, inflamma- 
ble liquid distilled from petroleum ; 
used in spray to produce local anes- 
thesia. 

Roborant. Giving strength ; 
strengthening; also, a remedy so 
acting. 

Rubefacient. An irritant which 
causes redness of the skin. 

Salacetol. A crystalline prepara- 
tion, used as an intestinal antiseptic. 
Dose, 30 to 45 gr. (2-3 gm.). 

Salitannol. A white powder, 
derived from salicylic and tannic 
acids, and recommended as an an- 
tiseptic. 

Sanatogen. A nutrient tonic, said 
to be a glycerin phosphate of sodium 
and casein. 

Sanoform. A derivative of iodin 
and oil of gaultheria, recommended 
as a substitute for iodoform. 

Sanose. An albuminous food- 
preparation, said to contain casein 
and albumose. 



Saturated solution. A solution 
containing all of that drug which the 
menstruum employed is capable of 
holding in solution. 

Sedative. A soothing medicine. 

Sialagogue. A medicine which 
increases the flow of saliva. 

Sinapism. A mustard-plaster. 

Solution. A liquid containing 
particles of a solid, gas, or another 
liquid diffused through it. 

Solutol. A combination of cre- 
sylic acid and sodium cresylate ; used 
as an antiputrefactive and disinfect- 
ant. 

Spasmotin. A principle from 
ergot, suggested as a substitute for 
ergot. 

Solvent. Dissolving ; also an 
agent that acts by dissolving. 

Somnifacient. A drug that in- 
duces sleep. 

Soporific. An agent which in- 
duces sleep. 

Sorbefacient. An agent pro- 
ducing absorption. 

Specific. A medicine particularly 
indicated in, or especially curative 
of, a given disease. 

Specific gravity. The weight of 
a substance compared with that of 
another. 

Spinant. A drug that acts directly 
on the spinal cord, tending to pro- 
duce convulsions. 

Sternutatory. A medicine that 
causes sneezing ; an errhine. 

Stimulant. An agent which in- 
creases functional activity ; stimu- 
lants may be general or local. 

Stomachal, Stomachic. A medi- 
cine which acts as a stimulant to the 
stomach. 

Stupefacient. Narcotic. 

Styptic. A remedy to check 
bleeding; an astringent. 

Styracol. A combination of guai- 
acol and cinnamyl chlorid, used as 
an ^antiseptic in the treatment of 
tuberculosis. 

Subcutaneous. Situated or per- 
formed beneath the skin. 

Sudorific. An agent causing per- 
spiration. 

Supersaturated solution. A solu- 
tion made in a heated condition, and 
thus containing a greater quantity of 






GLOSSARY. 



277 



the solid than it could have absorbed 
at its normal temperature. 

Suppositories. Cone - shaped 

medicinal preparations for introduc- 
tion into the rectum, vagina, or ure- 
thra. 

Suppurant. An agent producing 
suppuration. 

Synaptase. See Emulsions. 

Syrup. A medicinal preparation 
made with sugar and water. 

Taka diastase. A ferment pro- 
duced by the action of Japanese 
rice-fungus ; used as a disinfectant. 
Dose, 1 to 5 gr. (0.065-0.3 gm.). 

Tannalbin. A preparation of 
tannin, used as an astringent in diar- 
rheal conditions. Dose, 15 gr. (1 
gm.). 

Taunigen. A derivative of tannic 
acid, used as an intestinal antiseptic 
and also as an antiseptic in diseases 
of the nose and throat. 

Tannoform. A product of tannin 
and formic aldehyd. It is a yellowish 
powder, used as an antiseptic and 
astringent. 

Tannon. A product of tannin, 
used as an astringent in diarrheal 
conditions. Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.). 

Tanosol. A combination of cre- 
osote and tannic acid, used in affec- 
tions of the lungs. 

Tenalin. A preparation of betel- 
nut, used as a vermifuge. Dose, 1 
to 2 dr. (4-8 gm.). 

Tenicide. An agent which kills 
tapeworms. 

Teucrin. An extract from Teu- 
crium scordium ; used in tuberculous 
abscesses, lupus, and fungous adeni- 
tis in the form of ointment or hypo- 
dermically. 

Therapeutics. That branch of 
medicine which treats of the applica- 
tions of remedies and all forms of 
cure. 

Thermodin. A crystalline com- 
pound with antithermic properties ; 
used in influenza, pneumonia, pleu- 
risy, diphtheria, typhoid fever, etc. 
Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.). 

Thilonin. Sulphuretted lanolin, 
used locally in cutaneous affections. 

Thioresorcin. A grayish powder, 
used as an antiseptic, like iodoform. 



Thiosinamin. A crystalline com- 
pound, used as a general tonic 
and diuretic ; also, in skin-diseases, 
local tuberculosis, and female affec- 
tions. Dose, subcutaneously, of 15 
per cent, solution, 5 to 30 min. (0.3- 
1 gm.). 

Thymacetin. A derivative of 
thymol, allied to phenacetin ; used as 
a hypnotic and analgesic in nervous 
and mental disorders. Dose, 3 to 15 
gr. (0.25-1 gm.). 

Tincture. An alcoholic solution 
of a drug. 

Titration. Volumetric analysis 
by means of solutions of standard 
strength. 

Tolerance. Ability to endure the 
continued use of a drug. 

Tonic. A medicine which in- 
creases the strength and vigor and 
gives tone to the whole body. There 
are many kinds, all of which act 
upon and improve the tone of the 
organs upon which they have a spe- 
cial effect. 

Toxicity. The quality of being 
poisonous. 

Toxicology. Science of poisons. 

TraumatOl. A compound of cre- 
sylic acid and iodin, used as an anti- 
septic, like iodoform. 

Trimethylamin. A base found in 
ergot and cod-liver oil, said to have 
antirheumatic properties. Dose, 20 
to 40 min. (1.25-2.50 gm.). It is apt 
to produce albuminuria. 

Triturate, Trituration. A prepa- 
ration made by rubbing up a drug 
with milk-sugar. 

Troche. Lozenges ; small, dry 
solid masses of a flattened shape. 

Tropacocain. An alkaloid from a 
variety of coca, used as a local anes- 
thetic, like cocain. 

Tumenol. A dark-brown, syrupy 
liquid, used locally in skin-diseases in 
a solution of from 5 to 10 per cent. 

Tussol. Antipyrin amygdalate, 
used in whooping-cough of children. 
Dose, in aqueous solution, £-6 gr. 
(0.05-0.40 gm.), according to age. 

Unofficial. Not authorized by the 
\ Pharmacopeia. 

Uretic. Medicine to increase the 
i flow of urine. 



278 



GLOSSARY. 



Uropherin. A white powder com- 
posed of theobromin-lithium and 
lithium salicylate ; used as a diuretic 
and in heart-disease and nephritis. 
Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.). 

Vascular sedative. An agent 
that contracts the blood-vessels, less- 
ening the flow of blood through 
them. 

Vascular stimulant. An agent 
that dilates the superficial blood- 
vessels and increases the circulation 
through them. 

Vascular system. A system of 
blood-vessels. 

Vasomotor. Controlling the 
movements of the blood-vessels. 



Vehicle. Same as Excipient. 

Vermicide. A remedy that de- 
stroys intestinal worms. 

Vermifuge. Same as Anthelmin- 
tic. 

Vesicant. A blistering-agent. 

Vinegars. Preparations made by 
percolating a drug with vinegar or 
dilute acetic acid. 

Volatile. Evaporating quickly. 

Vomitory. An agent to produce 
vomiting. 

Vulnerary. A medicine, used to 
relieve the pain of wounds and to 
promote their healing. 

Wines. Solutions of drugs in 
sherry wine. 



NDEX 



Abbreviations, 265 
Absorption of medicines, 16 
Abstract, definition of, 267 
A.-C.-E. mixture, 267 
Acetal, 267 
Acetanilid, 34 

-poisoning, 34 
Acetate of lead, 138 
Acetic acid, 35 

antidotes of, 230 
dilute, 35 

ether, 107 
Acetone, 267 
Acetophenone, 34, 126 
Acetum, 35 
Acid, acetic, 35 
dilute, 35 

anesic, 35 

arsenous, 35 

benzoic, 71 

boracic, 39 

boric, 39 

camphoric, 40 

carbolic, 40 

chromic, 41 

cinnamic, 41 

citric, 42 

gallic, 42 

hydriodic, dilute, 42 

hydrobromic, dilute, 42 

hydrochloric, 42 
dilute, 43 

hydrocyanic, 43 

lactic, 44 

muriatic, 42 

nitric, 44 
dilute, 44 

nitrohydrochloric, 45 

nitromuriatic, 45 

oleic, 45 



Acid, oxalic, 46 
phenic, 40 

phosphoric, dilute, 46 
prussic, 43 
salicylic, 47 
sclerotic, 47 
sulphuric, 47 

dilute, 47 
sulphurous, 48 
tannic, 48 
tartaric, 48 
Acidum aceticum, 35 

dilutum, 35 
arsenosum, 35 
benzoicum, 71 
boricum, 39 
camphoricum, 40 
carbolicum, 40 
chromicum, 41 
cinnamicum, 41 
citric urn, 42 
gallicum, 42 
hydiiodicum dilutum, 42 
hydrochloricum, 42 

dilutum, 43 
hydrocyanicum, 43 
lacticum, 44 

dilutum, 44 
nitricum, 44 

dilutum, 44 
nitrohydrochloricum, 45 
oleicum, 45 
oxalicum, 46 

phosphoricum dilutum, 46 
salicylicum, 47 
scleroticum, 47 
sulphuricum, 47 

dilutum, 47 
sulphurosum, 48 
tannicum, 48 

279 



280 



INDEX. 



Acidum tartaricum, 48 
Aconite, 49 

antidotes of, 231 

extract of, 49 

fluid extract of, 50 

liniment, 50 

-poisoning, 49 

tincture of, 50 
Aconitin, 50 
Aconitum, 49 
Action, cumulative, 17 

of drugs, duration of, 17 
Adeps lanae hydrosus, 50, 136 

prseparatus, 50 
Adonidin, 50 
Adonidinum, 50 
^Ether, 104 

aceticus, 107 

fortior, 104 
^Ethyli iodidum, 130 
African pepper, 82 
Agaricin, 267 
Agathin, 50 
Age and dosage, 18 
Airol, 267 
Albumin, egg, 10 1 
Alcohol, 50 

absolute, 50 

dilute, 51 

-poisoning, 51 
Alcoholic extract of jalap, 133 
Ale, 51 

Alkaline waters, 235 
Alkaloid, definition of, 227 
Allium, 52 
Allspice, oil of, 165 
Almonds, 52 
Aloe, 53 
Aloes, 53 

Barbadoes, 53 

enema of, 53 

extract of, 53 

pills of, 179 

Socotrine, 53 

tincture of, 53 

wine of, 53 
Alsol, 267 
Alteratives, 19 
Althaea, 53 
Alum, 53 

dried, 54 



Alumen, 53 

Aluminum and potassium sulphate, 

53 

Alumnol, 54 

American hellebore, 221 

wonnseed, 85 
Ammonia, 54 

antidotes of, 230 

aromatic spirit of, 55 

liniment, 141 

-poisoning, 54 

spirit of, 55 

-water, 54 
Ammoniac, 56 

emulsion, 56 

plaster with mercury, 56 
Ammoniacum, 56 
Ammoniated glycyrrhizin, 141 

mercury, 152 

tincture of guaiac, 121 
of valerian, 220 
Ammonii benzoas, 71 

bromidum, 74 

iodidum, 130 

valerianas, 221 
Ammonium, antidotes of, 230 

benzoate, 71 

bromid, 55 

carbonate, 55 

chlorid, 55 

ichthyosulphate, 127 

iodid, 55, 130 

valerianate, 55, 221 
Ammonol, 267 
Amygdala amara, 52 

dulcis, 52 
Amyl nitris, 56 

nitrite, 56 

poisoning by, 57 
Amylene hydrate, 57 
poisoning by, 57 
Amyloform, 267 
Amylum, 58 
Analgen, 58 
Analgesics, 21 
Anafcotin, 268 
Anemonin, 187 
Anesin, 268 
Anesthetics, 20 
Anilin, 268 
Anise, 58 



INDEX. 



28l 



Anise, oil of, 58 

spirit of, 59 
Anisic acid, 35 
Anisum, 58 
Anitin, 26 
Anodynes, 21 
Antacidin, 268 
Antacids, 20 
Anthelmintics, 21 
Anthemis, 59 
Anthrarobin, 268 
Anticholerin, 268 
Antidiphtherin, 268 
Antidotes, 229 
Antiemetics, 28 
Antifebrin, 34 
Antihydropin, 268 
Antihydrotics, 22 
Antikamnia, 268 
Antimalarials, 21 
Antimigraine, 268 
Antimonial powder, 133 
Antimonii et potassii tartras, 59 
Antimonium, 59 
Antimony, 59 

and potassium tartrate, 59 

-poisoning, 60 

wine of, 60 
Antinervin, 268 
Antiperiodics, 21 
Antiphlogistics, 23 
Antipyretics, 22 
Antipyrin, 60 

antidotes of, 232 

benzoate, 61 

-poisoning, 61 

salicylate, 61, 197 
Antipyrinum, 60 
Antirheumatin, 268 
Antisepsin, 269 
Antiseptic solutions, 239 
Antiseptics, 22 
Antiseptol, 269 
Antisialics, 23 
Antispasmin, 61, 269 
Antispasmodics, 23 
Antistreptococcic serum, 203 
Antitetanic serum, 203 
Antithermin, 269 
Antitoxin, diphtheria, 202 
Antitoxins, 202 



Antitubercle serum, 203 

Antivenene, 269 

Antizymotics, 23 

Anusol, 269 

Apiol, 61 

Apocodein, 269 

Apocynin, 62 

Apocynum, 62 

Apolysin, 269 

Apomorphin as an emetic, 233 

hydrochlorate, 62 
Apomorphinae hydrochloras, 62 
Aqua, 62 

ammonise, 54 

amygdalae amarae, 52 

camphorae, 80 

chlori, 87 

chloroformi, 88 

cinnamomi, 91 

creosoti, 96 

fceniculi, in 

fortis, 44 

hydrogenii dioxidi, 124 

menthae piperitae, 149 
viridis, 149 

rosae, 193 
fortior, 1 93 
Arbutin, 63, 220 
Argentamin, 269 
Argenti iodidum, 64 

nitras, 64 
dilutus, 65 
fusus, 64 

oxidum, 64 
Argentum, 64 
Argonin, 269 
Anstol, 65 
Arnica flowers, 65 

root, 65 
Arnicae flores, 65 

radix, 65 
Aromatic fluid extract, 91 

powder, 83, 91, 156 

spirit of ammonia, 55 

syrup of rhubarb, 192 

tincture of rhubarb, 192 
Arrow poison, 208 
Arsenate of iron, 1 1 1 

of sodium, 37 
Arseni iodidum, 37 
Arsenic, antidote of, 230 



282 



INDEX. 



Arsenic bromid, solution of, 37 

iodid, 37 

white, 35 
Arsenical poisoning, 36 
Arsenite of copper, 96 
Arsenous acid, 35 

solution of, 37 
Asafetida, 65 

emulsion of, 66 

enema of, 66 

plaster of, 66 

suppositories of, 66 

tincture of, 66 
Asafcetida, 65 
Asaprol, 66 
Asclepias, 66 
Asepsin, 269 
Aseptol, 269 
Asparagin, 269 
Aspidium, 66 

oleoresin of, 67 
Aspidospermin, 269 
Astringents, 23 
Atropin, 67 

antidotes of, 231 

-poisoning, 67 

sulphate, 67 
Atropina, 67 
Atropine sulphas, 67 
Aurantii amari cortex, 68 
Aurantium, 67 
Auri bromidum, 68 

chloridum, 68 

et potassii bromidum, 68 

et sodii chloridum, 68 
Aurum, 68 

Balsam of Peru, 68 

of Tolu, 68 
Balsamum copaibas, 95 

Peruvianum, 68 

Tolutanum, 68 
Barbadoes aloes, 53 
Barberry, 72 
Basham's mixture, 114 
Bearberry, 219 
Bebeerin, 269 

sulphate, 71 
Bebeerinse sulphas, 7 1 
Beer, 51 
Belladonna, 69 



Belladonna, alcoholic extract of, 70 

antidotes of, 231 

fluid extract of, 70 

leaves, 70 

liniment, 70, 141 

ointment, 70 

plaster, 70 

-poisoning, 69 

root, 70 

tincture of, 70 
Belladonnas folia, 70 

radix, 70 
Benzanalgin, 269 
Benzanilid, 70 
Benzanilidum, 70 
Benzoate of ammonium, 71 

of calcium, 71 

of guaiacol, 1 21 

of lithium, 7 1 

of menthol, 149 

of sodium, Jl 
and caffein, 78 
Benzoic acid, 71 
Benzoin, 70 

compound tincture of, 7 1 

tincture of, 71 
Benzoinum, 70 
Benzonaphthol, 269 
Benzopyrin, 61 
Benzosol, 71, 121 
Benzoyl guaiacol, 71 
Berberis, 72 

fluid extract of, 72 

tincture of, 72 
Beta-naphtol, 157 

bismuth, 157 
Betol, 72 

Bichlorid of mercury, 150 
Biniodid of mercury, 15 1 
Bismutan, 269 
Bismuth, 72 

and ammonium citrate, 72 

oxid, 72 

salicylate, 72, 195 

subcarbonate, 73 

subgallate, 73 

subiodid, 72 

subnitrate, 73 
Bismuthi et ammonii citras, 72 

oxidum, 72 

salicylas, 72 



INDEX. 



283 



Bismuthi subcarbonas, 73 

subgallas, 73 

subiodidum, 72 

subnitras, J^ 
Bismurhum, 72 
Bites of rabid animals, treatment of, 

233 
Bitter almond, 52 
oil of, 52 
spirit of, 52 
syrup of, 52 
water, 52 

orange-peel, 68 

wine of iron, 114 
Bitters, definition of, 269 
Black draught, 148 

haw, 222 

mustard, 154 

oxid of manganese, 147 

snakeroot, 90 

wash, 152 
Blackberry, 194 
Blaud's pills, 114 
Blood-root, 198 
Blue flag, 132 

mass, 152 

ointment, 152 

pill, 152 

stone, 96 

vitriol, 96 
Boneset, 109 

tea, 109 
Bonjean's ergot, 103 
Boracic acid, 39 
Borax, 40, 73 
Boric acid, 39 , 
Brandy, 51 
Brayera, 73 
Bromal hydrate, 74 
Bromamid, 74 
Bromid of ammonium, 74 

of calcium, 74 

of ethyl, 74 

of gold, 68 

of iron, 113 

of lithium, 74 

of potassium, 74 

of sodium, 75 

of strontium, 75 
Bromin, 76 
Bromoform, 75 



Bromol, 75 
Bromum, 76 
Broom, 200 
Brown mixture, 141 
Brucin, 76 
Bryonia, 76 

tincture of, 76 
Bryony, 76 
Buchu, 76 

fluid extract of, 76 

infusion of, 76 
Burdock, 137 

Burnett's disinfecting fluid, 225 
Butyl-chloral hydrate, 76, 87 

C. E. mixture, 104 

Cacao-butter, 167 

Cachet, definition of, 270 

Cactina, 270 

Cactus grandiflorus, 77 

Caffea, 77 

Caffein, 77 

citrate, 77 

-poisoning, 77 

triiodid, 78 
Caffeina citrata, 77 
Calabar bean, 178 
Calamus, 78 
Calcii benzoas, 71 

bromidum, 74 

carbonas praecipitatus, 78 

chloridum, 78 

hypophosphis, 78 

phosphas praecipitatus, 177 
Calcined magnesia, 145 
Calcium, 78 

benzoate, 71 

chlorid, 78 

hypophosphite, 78 

phosphate, 177 
Calomel, 151 
Calumba, 78 
Calx, 79 

chlorata, 79 

sulphurata, 79, 213 
Camphor, 80 

antidotes of, 232 

cerate, 80 

chloral, 87 

liniment, 80, 142 

-poisoning, 80 



284 



INDEX. 



Camphora, 80 

monobromata, 80 
Camphorated tincture of opium, 80, 

171 
Camphoric acid, 40 
Camphor-water, 80 
Canada turpentine, 214 
Canadian hemp, 62 
Cannabin tannate, 81 
Cannabis indica, 81 
Cantharidal collodion, 81 
Cantharides, 81 

antidotes of, 231 

-poisoning, 82 
Cantharis, 81 
Capillare, 270 
Capsicum, 82 

plaster, 83 
Captol, 270 
Caraway, 83 
Carbo ligni, 85 
Carbolic acid, 40 

antidotes of, 229 
poisoning, 40 
Carbonate of creosote, 97 

of lead, 139 

of lithium, 143 

of magnesia solution, 146 
Carbonic-acid gas, antidotes of, 230 

waters, 235 
Cardamom, 8^ 
Cardamomum, 8^ 
Cardiac sedatives, 24 

stimulants, 24 
Carminatives, 24 
Carpain, 270 
Carron oil, 79, 141, 163 
Carum, 83 
Carvacrol, 270 
Caryophyllus, 8^ 
Cascara sagrada, 84 
Cascarilla, 84 
Castor oil, 165 
Cataphoresis, 270 
Catechu, 84 
Cathartics, 24 
Caustic lime, antidotes of, 230 

lunar, 64 

mitigated, 64 

potash, 184 

soda, antidotes of, 230 



Caustics, 26 
Cayenne pepper, 82 
Celastin, 270 
Central emetics, 28 
Cerate, definition of, 270 

of cantharides, 81 
Ceratum camphorse, 80 

cantharidis, 81 

plumbi subacetatis, 139 
Cerebral depressants, 25 

stimulants, 25 
Cerii oxalas, 84 
Cerium oxalate, 84 
Cetaceum, 84 
Cetraria, 84 
Cetrarin, 270 
Ceylon cinnamon, 9 1 
Chalk mixture, 85 

prepared, 85 
Chalybeate waters, 236 
Chamomile, 59 

oil, 59 
Champagne, 51 
Charcoal, 85 

poultice, 85 
Charta potassii nitratis, 183 

sinapis, 155 
Chenopodium, 85 
Chimaphila, 86 
Chinosol, 270 
Chirata, 86 
Chiretta, 86 
Chloral, 86 

antidotes of, 232 

butylicum, 87 

camphor, 87 

formamid, 87 

hydrate, 86 

menthol, 149 

-poisoning, 86 
Chloralamid, 8j 
Chloral-caffein, 270 

-urethane, 219 
Chloralose, 87 

Chloralum formamidatum, 87 
Chlorate of potassium, 87 
Chlorin, 89 

-water, 87 
Chlorinated lime, 79 
Chloroform, 88 

liniment, 88, 142 



INDEX. 



285 



Chloroform-poisoning, 89 

poultice, 89 

-water, 88 
Chloroformum, 88 
Chloromethyl, 153 
Chlorum, 89 
Cholagogues, 25 
Chromic acid, 41 

trioxid, 41 
Chrysarobin, 89 
Chrysarobinum, 89 
Cigarettes of sodium arsenate, 37 
Cimicifuga, 90 
Cinchona, 90 
Cinchonin, 90 

sulphate, 90 
Cinchonina, 90 
Cinchoninoe sulphas, 90 
Cinnamic acid, 41 
Cinnamomum cassia, 90 

Saigonicum, 91 

Zeylonicum, 91 
Cinnamon, 90 

-water, 91 
Citrate of caffein, 77 

of iron, II 2 

of lithium, 143 

of magnesia solution, 146 
Citric acid, 42 
Claret, 51 

Clarified honey, 148 
Classification of drugs, 19 
Clemens' solution, 37 
Cloves, 83 
Clove-tea, 84 
Coal-tar camphor, 157 
Coca, 91 
Cocain, antidotes of, 232 

hydrochlorate, 91 

phenate, 92 

-poisoning, 92 
Cocainse hydrochloras, 91 

phenas, 92 
Codein, 93, 172 

-poisoning, 93 
Codeina, 93 
Cod-liver oil, 154, 163 
Coffee, 77 
Colchici semen, 93 
Colchicin, 93 

-poisoning, 93 



Colchicum, 93 

seed, 93 
Cold cream, 193 
Coley's mixture, 203 
Collodion, 94 
cantharidal, 81 
flexible, 94 
styptic, 94 
Collodium, 94 
cantharidatum, 81 
flexile, 94 
stypticum, 48, 94 
Colocynth, 94 
Colocynthis, 94 
Common salt, 205 
Compound cathartic pills, 180 
decoction of sarsaparilla, 199 
enema of asafetida, 66 
extract of colocynth, 94, 200 
infusion of gentian, 1 18 

of senna, 148, 201 
iron mixture, 1 14 
jalap powder, 133 
licorice mixture, 141 
powder, 141, 201 
liniment of camphor, 142 

of mustard, 142, 156 
pill of soap, 180 
pills of antimony, 180 
of asafetida, 180 
of iron, 114 
powder of morphin, 172-219 
rhubarb powder, 193 
solution of iodin, 131 
spirit of ether, 107 

of juniper, 134 
syrup of sarsaparilla, 199 

of squill, 200 
tincture of benzoin, 71 
of cardamom, 83 
of catechu, 84 
of cinchona, 90 
of gentian, 1 18 
of lavender, 137 
Condurango, 270 
Condy's fluid, 147 
Confection of rose, 193 

of senna, 201 
Confinement, table for calculating 

date of, 241 
Conin hydrobromate, 94 



286 



INDEX, 



Conin-poisoning, 95 
Coninae hydrobromas, 94 
Conium, 95 
Contraindication, 270 
Convallaria, 95 
Convallarin, 95 
Convallarinum, 95 
Convolvulin, 270 
Copaiba, 95 

resin of, 191 
Copper, 95 

arsenite, 96 

nitrate, 96 

sulphate, 96 

-sulphate poisoning, 96 
Corn-silk, 224 
Cornutin, 271 
Coronilla, 271 
Corrosive sublimate, 150 

antidotes of, 230 
Cosaprin, 271 
Cosmolin, 175 
Couch grass, 218 
Counterirritants, 26 
Counterirritation, 271 
Coxe's hive syrup, 60 
Crane's pill, 118 
Cream of tartar, 184 
Creolin, 96 
Creolinum, 96 
Creosotal, 97 
Creosote, 97 

antidotes of, 231 

carbonate, 97 

mixture, 96 

-water, 97 
Creosotum, 97 
Creta prgeparata, 85 
Croton oil, 161 
liniment, 142 
poisoning, 161 
Cubeb, 97 
Cubeba, 97 
Culver's root, 140 
Cumulative action, 17, 271 
Cupri arsenis, 96 

nitras, 96 

sulphas, 96 
Cuprum, 95 
Cusso, 73 
Cyanid of potassium, antidotes of, 230 



Dandelion, 214 
Daturin, 207 
Deadly nightshade, 69 
Decoction of broom, 200 

of cetraria, 85 

of dock, 194 

of eupatorium, 109 

of geranium, 118 

of krameria, 135 

of lappa, 137 

of poppy capsules, 183 

of stillingia, 207 
Decoctum cetrarias, 85 

kramerise, 135 

lappae, 137 

sarsaparillae compositum, 199 
Deliriants, 26 
Demulcents, 27 

in poisoning, 235 
Deodorants, 27 

Deodorized tincture of opium, 170 
Depressants, cerebral, 25 

uterine, n 
Dermatol, 73 
Diachylon plaster, 139 
Diaphoretics, 27 
Diaphtherin, 271 
Digestives, 26 
Digitalin, 100 
Digitalis, 98 

antidotes of, 232 

-poisoning, 99 
Digitoxin, 100 
Diphtheria antitoxin, 202 
Direct antacids, 20 

emetics, 28 
Disease and dosage, 18 
Disinfectants, 27 
Disinfection, loo 
Disinfectol, 100 

Disulphon-diethyl methane, 215 
Diuretic, definition of, 271 
Diuretics, 27 
Diuretin, 100, 196 
Donovan's solution, 37 
Dosage, 18 
Dose-list, 242 
Dover's powder, 132, 170 
Drastics, 25 
Dried alum, 54 
Drugs, classification of, 19 



INDEX. 



287 



Drugs, duration of action of, 17 
Dry inhalations, 15 
Duboisin sulphate, 100 
Duotol, 121 

E. C. mixture, 104 
Effervescent citrate of caffein, 78 

lithium citrate, 143 

magnesium citrate, 146 
Egg albumin, 101 
Elaterin, IOI 
Elaterium, 101 
Elecampane, 127 
Elixir of phosphorus, 177 

phosphori, 1 77 
Emetics, 28, 233 

central, 28 

direct, 28 

indirect, 28 

peripheral, 28 
Emetin, 132 
Emmenagogues, 28 
Emplastrum asafcetidae, 66 

belladonnse, 70 

capsici, 83 

chloroformi, 88 

hydrargyri, 150 

picis cantharidatum, 81 

plumbi, 139 
Emulsion of asafetida, 66 

of chloroform, 88 

of sweet almond, 53 
Emulsum ammoniaci, 56 

amygdalae, 53 
Endermic medication, 15 
Enema asafoetidae, 66 

of aloes, 53 

opii, 171 

starch, 58 
Eosote, 272 

Ephedrin hydrochlorate, 102 
Epispastics, 26 
Epsom salt, 146 
Ergot, 102 

antidotes of, 231 

-poisoning, 103 
Ergota, 102 
Erigeron, 103 
Eriodictyon, 103 
Erythroxylon, 91 
Escharotics, 26 



Eserin, 104 

salicylate, 104, 178 

sulphate, 104, 178 
Essence of lemon, 140 

of peppermint, 149 
Essentia menthae piperitse, 149 
Ether, 104 

acetic, 107 

essentials in the administration of, 
104 

hydriodic, 107 

hydrobromic, 107 
Ethyl bromid, 74, 107 

chlorid, 108 

iodid, 107, 130 

urethane, 108, 219 
Eucain, 272 
Eucalyptol, 109 
Eucalyptus, 108 

oil of, 162 
Euchinin, 272 
Eudoxin, 272 
Eugenol, 272 
Euonymin, 109 
Euonymus, 109 
Eupatorium, 109 
Europhen, 109 
Europhin, no 
Europhinum, no 
Exalgiu, no 
Expectorants, 29 

nauseating, 29 

stimulant, 29 
Extract of aconite, 49 
fluid, 50 

of aloes, 53 

of arnica root, 65 

of belladonna, alcoholic, 70 
fluid, 70 

of cannabis indica, 81 

of cascara sagrada, 84 

of chamomile, 59 
fluid, 59 

of cimicifuga, 90 

of cinchona, 90 

of colchicum root, 93 

of colocynth, 94 

of conium, 95 

of cusso, fluid, 73 

of digitalis, 99 

of ergot, 103 



288 



INDEX. 



Extract of euonymus, 109 
of gentian, 117 
of hematoxylin, 144 
of hyoscyamus, 125 
of iris, 132 
of krameria, 135 
of leptandra, 141 
of licorice, 141 
of malt, 146 
of nux vomica, 161 
of opium, 170 
of physostigma, 178 
of podophyllum, 183 
of poppy, capsules, 183 
of pulsatilla, 187 
of quassia, 189 
of rhubarb, 192 
of stramonium, 207 
of taraxacum, 214 
of uva ursi, 220 
Extractum aconiti, 49 

fluidum, 50 
anthemidis, 59 

fluidum, 59 
arnicae radicis, 65 

fluidum, 65 
aromaticum fluidum, 91 
asclepiadis fluidum, 66 
aurantii amari fluidum, 68 
belladonnae alcoholicum, 70 

fluidum, 70 
buchu fluidum, 76 
cacti grandiflori fluidum, 77 
calami fluidum, 78 
calumbae fluidum, 78 
cannabis indicae, 81 

fluidum, 81 
capsici fluidum, 8^ 
cascarae sagradae, 84 

fluidum, 84 
chimaphilae fluidum, 86 
chiratae fluidum, 86 
cimicifugae, 90 

fluidum, 90 
cinchonas, 90 

fluidum, 90 
cocae fluidum, 91 
colchici radicis, 93 
fluidum, 93 

seminis fluidum, 94 
colocynthidis, 94 



Extractum colocynthidis composi- 
tum, 94, 200 
convallariae fluidum, 95 
conii, 95 

fluidum, 95 
cubebae fluidum, 97 
cusso fluidum, 73 
digitalis, 99 

fluidum, 99 
ergotaa, 103 

liquidum, 103 
eriodictyi fluidum, 103 
eucalypti fluidum, 108 
euonymi, 109 
eupatorii fluidum, 109 
gelsemii fluidum, 117 
gentianae, 117 

fluidum, 117 
geranii fluidum, 118 
glycyrrhizae, 141 

fluidum, 141 

purum, 141 
grindelire fluidum, 120 
guaranae fluidum, 1 22 
haematoxyli, 144 

fluidum, 144 
hamamelidis fluidum, 122 
hydrastis fluidum, 123 
hyoscyami, 125 

fluidum, 125 
ipecacuanhse fluidum, 131 
iridis, 132 

fluidum, 132 
jalapae alcoholicum, 133 
krameriae, 135 

fluidum, 135 
lappae fluidum, 137 
leptandrae, 141 

fluidum, 141 
lobeliae fluidum, 144 
matico fluidum, 148 
mezerei fluidum, 154 
nucis vomicae, 161 
fluidum, 161 
opii, 170 
' liquidum, 170 
papaveris, 183 
pareirae fluidum, 174 
physostigmatis, 178 
phytolaccae radicis fluidum, 179 
pilocarpi fluidum, 181 



INDEX. 



289 



Extractum piscidae erythrinae fluidum, 
182 
podophylli, 183 

fluidum, 183 
pruni virginianse fluidum, 186 
Pulsatillas, 187 

fluidum, 187 
quassiae, 189 

fluidum, 189 
rhei, 192 

fluidum, 192 
rhois glabrae fluidum, 193 
rosae fluidum, 193 
rubi fluidum, 194 
rumicis fluidum, 194 
sabinae fluidum, 195 
sanguinariae fluidum, 198 
sarsaparillae fluidum, 199 
scillse fluidum, 200 
scopariae fluidum, 200 
senegae fluidum, 201 
sennae fluidum, 201 
serpentariae fluidum, 202 
spigeliae fluidum, 207 
stillingiae fluidum, 207 
stramonii seminis, 207 

fluidum, 208 
taraxaci, 214 

fluidum, 514 
uvae ursi, 220 

fluidum, 220 
Valerianae fluidum, 220 
veratri viridis fluidum, 222 
viburni prunifolii fluidum, 223 
xanthoxyli fluidum, 223 
zeae fluidum, 224 
zingiberis fluidum, 1 18 

Febrifuges, 22, 30 
Fel bovis, no 

purificatum, HO 
Feniculum, no 
Fennel, 116 
Ferratin, 272 
Ferri arsenas, 1 1 1 

bromidum, 1 13 

carbonas saccharatus, 1 1 1 

chloridum, 1 1 1 

citras, 112 

et ammonii citras, 1 1 2 
sulphas, 113 

19 



Ferri et potassii tartras, 112 
et quininae citras, 1 1 2 
hypophosphis, 1 1 2 
lactas, 112 
oxidum hydratum, 113 

cum magnesia, 113 
phospbas, 113 
pyrophosphas, 113 
salicylas, 112 
subsulphas, 114 
sulphas, 113 

granulatus, 113 
valerianas, 1 13, 220 
Ferric chlorid, in 
citrate, 112 
hydrate, 113 

with magnesia, 1 13 
hypophosphite, 112 
salicylate, 1 12 
Ferrous bromid, 113 
lactate, 112 
sulphate, 113 
Ferrum, in 

redactum, 1 13 
Ficus, 115 
Figs, 115 
Filix Mas, 66 
Flaxseed, 142 
oil, 163 
tea, 142 
Fleabane, 103 
Flexible collodion, 94 
Fluid extract of asclepias, 66 
of belladonna, 70 
of berbcris, 72 
of bitter orange, 68 
of blackberry, 194 
of blood-root, 198 
of broom, 200 
of buchu, 76 
of calamus, 78 
of calumba, 78 
of cannabis indica, 81 
of capsicum, 83 
of cascara sagrada, 84 
of chimaphila, 86 
of cliiretta, 86 
of cimicifuga, 90 
of cinchona, 90 
of coca, 91 
of colchicum root, 93 



290 



INDEX. 



Fluid extract of colchicum seed, 94 
of conium, 95 
of convallaria, 95 
of cubeb, 97 
of cusso, 73 
of digitalis, 99 
of dock, 194 
of ergot, 103 
of eriodictyon, 103 
of eucalyptus, 108 
of eupatorium, 109 
ofgelsemium, 117 
of gentian, 117 
of geranium, 1 18 
of ginger, 118 
of grindelia, 120 
of guarana, 122 
of hamamelis, 122 
of hematoxylin, 144 
of hydrastis, 123 
of hyoscyamus, 125 
of ipecac, 131 
of iris, 132 
of jumbul, 133 
of krameria, 135 
of lappa, 137 
of leptandra, 141 
of licorice, 141 
of lobelia, 144 
of matico, 148 
of mezereum, 154 
of nux vomica, 161 
of pareira, 174 
of phytolacca root, 179 
of pilocarpin, 181 
of piscidia erythrina, 182 
of podophyllum, 183 
of prunus virginiana, 186 
of pulsatilla, 187 
of quassia, 189 
of rhubarb, 192 
of rhus glabra, 193 
of rose, 193 
of sarsaparilla, 199 
of savin, 195 
of senega, 201 
of senna, 201 
of serpentaria, 202 
of spigelia, 207 
of squill, 200 
of stillingia, 207 



Fluid extract of stramonium, 208 

of taraxacum, 214 

of uva ursi, 220 

of valerian, 220 

of veratrum viride, 222 

of viburnum, 223 

of xanthoxylum, 223 

of zea, 224 
Formaldehyd, 115 
Formalin, 115 
Formic aldehyd, 1 15 
Formol, 115 
Fowler's solution, 37 

dosage chart of, 38 
Foxglove, 98 
Friar's balsam, 71 
Fuchsin, 272 
Fumigation by sulphur, 211 

Gaietol, 272 
Galla, 116 
Gallanol, 116 
Gallic acid, 42 
Gallobromol, 273 
Garlic, 51 
Gastric tonics, 32 
Gaultheria, 117 

oil of, 162 
Gelsemin, 117 
Gelsemium, 117 

-poisoning, 11.7 
General anesthetics, 20 

anodynes, 21 

remedies, 9 
Gentian, 1 17 
Gentiana, 117 
Geosote, 273 
Geranium, 118 
German chamomile, 148 
Gin, 51, 134 
Ginger, 118 
Glonoin, 158 
Glossary, 267 
Glucidum, 195 
Glutol, 273 
Glycerin, 119 

enema, 119 

suppositories, 1 19 
Glycerinum, 119 
Glycerite of carbolic acid, 1 19 

of hydrastis, 124 



INDEX. 



2 9 : 



Glycerite of starch, 119 

of tannic acid, 48, 119 

of yolk of egg, 119 
Glyceritum acidi carbolici, 1 19 
tannici, 119 

amyli, 119 

hydrastis, 124 

vitelli, 119 
Glycyrrhiza, 141 

Glycyrrhizinum ammoniatum, 141 
Gold, 68 

and potassium bromid, 68 

and sodium chlorid, 68 

chlorid, 68 

-poisoning, 68 
Golden seal, 123 
Goulard's cerate, 137 

extract, 140 
Granatum, 120 

Granulated ferrous sulphate, 113 
Gray powder, 152 
Griffith's mixture, 1 14 
Grindelia, 120 
Guaiac, 120 
Guaiaci lignum, 120 

resin, 120 
Guaiacol, 121 

and cinnamyl chlorid, 214 

benzoyl, 121 

biiodid, 122 

bisulphonate of quinin, 122 

carbonate, 121 

salicylate, 121, 196 
Guaiac oli carbonas, 121 

salicylas, 121 

valerianas, 122 
Guaiacolum, 121 
Guaiacum wood, 120 
Guaiaquin, 122 
Guarana, 122 

Habit, drug-, 19 
Hamamelis, 122 
Hard petroleum ointment, 1 75 
Heavy magnesia, 145 
Hedeoma, 122 
Helleborein, 122 
Hematoxylon, 144 
Hemlock, 95 
Hemogallol, 273 
Hemoglobin, 273 



Hemol, 273 

Hemostatics, 30 

Hemp, Canadian, 62 

Henbane, 125 

Hoffmann's anodyne, 107 

Holocain, 273 

Homatropin hydrobromate, 1 23 

Homatropinae hydrobromas, 123 

Honey, 148 

of rose, 148, 194 
Horehound, 148 
Husband's magnesia, 145 
Hydracetin, 273 
Hydragogues, 25 

Hydrargyri chloridum corrosivum, 
150 
mite, 151 

cyanidum, 151 

iodidum fiavum, 15 1 
rubrum, 151 

oxidum fiavum, 15 1 

salicylas, 152 

subsulphas flavus, 152 
Hydrargyrol, 273 
Hydrargyrum, 149 

ammoniatum, 152 

cum creta, 152 
Hydrastin, 124 

hydrochlorate, 124 
Hydrastis, 123 
Hydrated oxid of iron, 113 
Hydriodic acid, dilute, 42 

ether, 107 
Hydrobromic acid, dilute, 42 

ether, 107 
Hydrochloric acid, 42 
antidotes of, 230 
dilute, 43 
Hydrocyanic acid, 43 
antidotes of, 230 
-poisoning, 43 
Hydrogen dioxid, 124 

peroxid, 124 
Hydronaphthol, 157 
Hydrous wool-fat, 50 
Hyoscin hydrobromate, 1 25 
Hyoscinae hydrobromas, 125 
Hyoscyamin hydrobromate, 125 

sulphate, 125 
Hyoscyaminae hydrobromas, 125 

sulphas, 125 



292 



INDEX. 



Hyoscyamus, 125 

-poisoning, 126 
Hypnal, 126 
Hypnone, 34, 126 
Hypnotics, 30 

Hypodermic administration of medi- 
cines, 11 

injection, II 

tablets, list of, 240 
Hypodermoclysis, 273 
Hypophosphite of iron, 112 

Iceland moss, 84 
Ichthalbin, 126 
Ichthyol, 126 

albuminate, 126 
Idiosyncrasy, 17, 273 
Ignatia, 127 
Indian cannabis, 81 

hemp, 81 

tobacco, 144 
Indirect emetics, 28 
Infusion of asclepias, 66 

of buchu, 76 

of calamus, 78 

of chamomile, 59 

of cloves, 84 

of cusso, 74 

of digitalis, 99 

of eupatorium, 109 

of fennel, III 

of ginger, 119 

of kino, 134 

of lobelia, 144 

of prunus virginiana, 1 86 

of quassia, 189 

of rhus glabra, 193 

of spigelia, 207 

of zea, 224 
Infusum anthemidis, 59 

asclepiadis, 66 

caryophylli, 84 

digitalis, 99 

gentianae compositum, Il8 

kino, 34 

lobelise, 144 

pruni virginianse, 186 

quassise, 189 

sennae compositum, 201 

zingiberis, 119 
Inhalation, 14 



Inhalation of creosote, 97 
Inhalations, dry, 15 

moist, 15 
Injection, hypodermic, II 

intravenous, 13 
Inspissated ox-gall, no 
Intravenous injection, 13 
Inula, 127 
Inulin, 127 
Inunction, 13 

mercurial, 13 
Iodid of ammonium, 130 

of ethyl, 130 

of lead, 139 

of potassium, 130 

of sodium, 130 

of strontium, 130 

of zinc, 131 
Iodin, 129 

antidotes of, 23 1 

-poisoning, 129 
Iodism, 129 
Iodoform, 127 

ointment, 128 

-poisoning, 128 

spray, 128 

suppositories, 128 
Iodoformogen, 273 
Iodoformum, 127 
Iodol, 128 
Iodophenin, 273 
Iodopyrin, 129 
Iodothyrin, 129 
Iodum, 129 
Ipecac, 131 

as an emetic, 234 
Ipecacuanha, 131 
Iris, 132 
Iron, in 

and ammonium citrate, 1 12 
sulphate, 113 

and potassium tartrate, 112 

and strychnin citrate, 1 12 
Irritant poisons, 226 

antidotes for, 229 
Itrol, 273 
Izol, 273 



JABORANDI, 
Jalap, 132 
resin of, 191 



80 



INDEX. 



293 



Jamaica dogwood, 182 
Jambul, 133 
James powder, 133 
Jamestown weed, 207 
Juniper, 133 

berries, 133 

oil of, 162 
Juniperus, 133 

Kairin, 273 
Kamala, 134 
Kava kava, 273 
Kino, 134 
Koch's lymph, 218 
Kola, 273 
Koumyss, 134 
Kousso, 73 
Krameria, 135 
Kryofin, 274 

L. AND L. SOLUTION, 1 39 
Labarraque's solution, 87 
Lactate of iron, 1 12 
Lactic acid, 44 
Lactopeptin, 135 
Lactophenin, 136 
Lactose, 136 
Lactucarium, 136 
Lactucin, 136 

Lactyl-para-phenetidin, 136 
Lady Webster dinner-pills, 180 
Lamellae, 136 

atropinse, 136 

cocaina?, 136 

physostigmina?, 136, 178 
Lanolin, 50, 136 
Lappa, 137 
Lard, prepared, 50 
Largin, 274 
Laudanum, 170 
Laughing-gas, 159 
Lavandula, 137 
Lavender, 137 

flowers, 137 

oil of, 163 
Laxatives, 24 
Lead, 137 

acetate, 138 

and opium pill, 139 

carbonate, 139 

iodid, 139 



Lead oxid, 139 

plaster, 139 

-poisoning, 138 

-water and laudanum, 139 
Lemon-juice, 140 

-peel, 140 
Leptandra, 140 
Lettuce, 136 
Licorice, 141 
Light magnesia, 145 
Lily of the valley, 95 
Lime, 79 

liniment, 141 

syrup of, 80 

-water, 79 
Limonis cortex, 140 
Liniment, aconite, 50 

belladonna, 70 

of subacetate of lead, 139 
Linimentum ammonia?, 141 

belladonna?, 70, 141 

calcis, 79, 141 

camphora?, 80, 142 

chloroformi, 88, 1 42 

crotonis, 142 

opii, 171 

plumbi subacetatis, 139 

saponis, 80, 142 

sinapis compositum, 142, 156 

terebinthina?, 142 
Linseed, 142 

oil, 163 
Linum, 142 
Lipanin, 142 

Liquid extract of ergot, 103 
of opium, 170 

petroleum, 175 
Liquor acidi arsenosi, 37 

ammonia? acetatis, 55 
fortior, 55 

arseni bromidi, 37 

et hydrargyri iodidi, 37 

calcis, 79 

ferri chloridi, 1 12 

et ammonii acetatis, 114 
subsulphatis, 1 14 

hydrargyri nitralis, 152 

iodi compositus, 131 

lithia? effervescens, 143 

magnesii carbonatis, 146 
citratis, 146 



294 



INDEX. 



Liquor morphinae bimeconatis, 172 
sulphatis, 172 

plumbi subacetatis, 140 

potassse, 186 

potassii citratis, 188 

sodas chloratae, 87 

soclii arsenatis, 37 

zinci chloridi, 224 
Litharge, 139 
Lithia water, 143 
Lithii benzoas, 71 

bromidum, 74 

carbon as, 143 

citras, 143 

effervescens, 143 

salicylas, 143, 196 
Lithium, 143 

benzoate, 71 

bromid, 74 

carbonate, 143 

citrate, 143 

salicylate, 143, 196 
Lobelia, 144 

-poisoning, 144 
Lobelin, 144 
Local anesthetics, 20 

anodynes, 21 

astringents, 23 

remedies, 9 
Lockjaw-serum, 203 
Logwood, 144 
London paste, 79 
Losophen, 144 
Lotio hydrargyri flava, 1 52 

nigra, 152 
Lugol's solution, 131 
Lunar caustic, 64 
Lycetal, 274 
Lycopodium, 145 
Lye, 184 
Lysidin, 274 
Lysol, 145 

Magendie's solution of morphin, 

172 
Magnesia, 145 

ponderosa, 145 
Magnesii carbonas, 146 

citras effervescens, 146 
Magnesium, 145 

carbonate, 146 



Magnesium sulphate, 146 
Malakin, 274 
Male fern, 66 
Malt, 146 
Maltum, 146 
Manganese, 146 

sulphate, 147 
Mangani oxidum nigrum, 1 47 

sulphas, 147 
Manganous sulphate, 147 
Manganum, 146 
Manna, 147 
Marrubium, 148 
Marsh mallow, 53 
Massa hydrargyri, 1 52 
Materia medica defined, 9 
Matico, 147 
Matricaria, 148 
May-apple, 182 
Medication, avenues of, 10 

by mouth, 10 

by rectum, 1 1 

endermic, 15 

hypodermic, II 
Medicines, absorption of, 1 6 
Mel, 148 

despurnatum, 148 

rosse, 148, 194 
Mentha piperita, 149 

viridis, 149 
Menthol, 149 
Mercurial inunction, 13 

ointment, 153 

plaster, 150 

poisoning, 150 
Mercuric chlorid, 150 

cyanid, 151 

salicylate, 152, 196 
Mercury, 149 

with chalk, 152 
Metadioxy benzol, 192 
Methacetin, 153 
Methyl acetanilid, no 

-blue, 187 

chlorid, 153 

salicylate, 153, 196 

-violet, 187 
Methylal, 274 
Methylene-blue, 154 

chlorid, 154 
Metric system, 237 



INDEX. 



295 



Mezereum, 154 
Microcidin, 274 
Migrainin, 274 
Mild mercurous chlorid, 15 1 
Mindererus, spirit of, 55 
Mineral waters, 235 
Mistura creosoti, 96 

cretse, 85 

ferri composita, 114 

glycyrrhizae composita, 141 
Mitigated caustic, 64 
Moist inhalations, 15 
Monkshood, 49 
Monobromated camphor, 80 
Monsel's salt, 114 

solution, 114 
Morphin, 171 

acetate, 172 

antidotes of, 232 

sulphate, 172 
Morphina, 1 71 
Morrhuse oleum, 154 
Moschus, 154 
Mouth, medication by, 10 
Muriatic acid, 42 
Mushrooms, antidotes of, 233 
Musk, 154 
Mussanin, 274 
Mustard, 154 

as an emetic, 234 

fomentation, 155 

paper, 155 

plaster, 155 

poultice, 156 
Mydriatics, 30 
Myotics, 30 ' 
Myristica, 156 
Myrrh, 156 
Myrrha, 156 

Napellin, 274 
Naphtalene, 157 
Naphtalin, 157 
Naphthalan, 274 
Naphthalol, 72 
Naphthosalol, 72 
Naphtol, 157 
Narcein, 157 
Narceina ; 157 
Narcotic poisons, 227 
antidotes of, 231 



Narcotics, 31 

Nauseating expectorants, 29 

Nerve-sedatives, 31 

-stimulants, 31 
Neurodin, 158 
Niaouli oil, 158 
Nicotin, antidotes of, 232 
Night-blooming cereus, 77 
Nitrate of copper, 96 

of lead, 140 

of potassium, 183 
paper, 183 
Nitric acid, 44 

antidotes of, 230 
dilute, 44 
poisoning, 45 
Nitrite of amyl, antidotes of, 233 

of potassium, 158 

of sodium, 158 
Nitroglycerin, 1 58 
Nitrohydrochloric acid, 45 
Nitromuriatic acid, 45 

poisoning, 45 
Nitrous oxid gas, 1 59 
Normal liquid ipecac, 132 

salt solution, 197,205 
Norwood's tincture of veratrum 

viride, 222 
Nosophen, 274 
Nuclein, 159 
Nutgall, 116 

ointment, 1 16 
Nutmeg, 156 

oil of, 164 
Nutrose, 274 
Nux vomica, 160 

antidotes of, 232 

Oil of allspice, 165 
of anise, 58 
of bitter almond, 52 
of caraway, 83 
of chamomile, 59 
of chenopodium, 85 
of cinnamon, 91 
of cloves, 84 
of copaiba, 95 
of cubeb, 98 
of eucalyptus, 108, 1 62 
of fennel, no 
of hedeoma, 162 



296 



INDEX. 



Oil of juniper, 134, 162 

of lavender, 137, 163 

of lemon, 140 

of nutmeg, 156, 164 

of pennyroyal, 122, 162 

of peppermint, 149, 163 

of pimenta, 165 

of rose, 193 

of rosemary, 165 

of savin, 165, 195 

of spearmint, 149 

of sweet almond, expressed, 53 

of tar, 164, 182 

of theobroma, 167 

of turpentine, 166 

of valerian, 221 

of vitriol, 47 

of wintergreen, 162 
Ointment, belladonna, 70 

of nutgall and opium, 116 

of tannic acid, 48 

of veratrin, 221 
Oleate of mercury and lead plaster, 

150 

of veratrin, 221 
Oleatum veratrinae, 221 

zinci, 225 
Oleic acid, 45 
Oleoresin of aspidium, 67 

of capsicum, 83 

of cubeb, 98 

of ginger, 118 
Oleoresina aspidii, 67 

capsici, 8^ 

cubebae, 98 

zingiberis, 118 
Oleum amygdalae amarse, 52 
expressum, 53 

anisi, 58 

anthemidis, 59 

cari, 83 

caryophylli, 84 

chenopodii, 85 

cinnamomi, 91 

copaibae, 95 

crotonis, 161 

cubebae, 98 

erigerontis, 103 

eucalypti, 108, 162 

fceniculi, no 

gaultheriae, 162 



Oleum hedeomse, 122, 162 

juniperi, 134, 162 

lavandulae, 137, 163 

limonis, 140 

lini, 163 

menthae piperitae, 149, 163 
viridis, 149 

morrhuae, 1 63 

myristicae, 156, 164 

olivae, 164 

phosphoratum, 164, 177 

picis liquidae, 164, 182 

pimentae, 165 

ricini, 165 

rosse, 193 

rosmarini, 165 

sabinae, 165, 195 

santali, 166 

sinapis volatile, 166 

terebinthlnae, 166 

theobromatis, 167 

tiglii, 161 

Valerianae, 221 
Olive oil, 164 
Opium, 167 

antidotes of, 232 

enema, 171 

liniment, 171 

plaster, 17 1 

-poisoning, 168 
Orange, 67 

-peel, bitter, 68 
sweet, 67 
Orexin, 173 
Orphol, 275 
Orthin, 173 
Orthoform, 275 
Otto of rose, 193 
Ouabain, 173 
Ovi albumin, 1 01 

vitellus, 101 
Oxalic acid, 46 

antidotes of, 230 
poisoning, 46 
Ox-gall, 310 
Oxymel, 148 
Oxytocics, 31 

Pale rose, 193 
Pancreatin, 173, 275 
Papain, 174 



INDEX. 



297 



Papaveris capsulse, 183 
Papayotin, 174 
Papayotinum, 174 
Paraform, 275 
Paraldehyd, 174 
Paramorphin, 1 73 
Paregoric, 17 1 
Pareira, 174 

brava, 174 
Paris green, antidotes of, 230 
Pearson's solution, 37 
Pelletierin tannate, 174 
Pelletierinas tannas, 120 
Pellitory, 188 
Pellotin, 275 
Pennyroyal, 122 

oil of, 162 
Pental, 275 
Pepo, 174 
Peppermint, 149 

camphor, 149 

oil of, 163 

troches of, 149 

-water, 149 
Pepsin, 174 
Pepsi num, 174 

saccharatum, 175 
Perchlorid of iron, ill 
Percolation, 275 
Peripheral emetics, 88 
Periplocin, 275 
Peronin, 275 
Peruvian bark, 90 
Petrolatum liquidum, 175 

molle, 175 

spissum, 175 
Phenacetin, 175 
Phenalgin, 176 
Phenic acid, 40 
Phenidin, 176 

Phenocoll hydrochlorate, 176 
Phenol, 40 
Phenosalyl, 275 
Phenyl salicylate, 197 

urethane, no 
Phesin, 275 
Phosphate of iron, 113 
Phosphid of zinc, 177 
Phosphites, preparations of, 178 
Phosphorated oil, 164, 177 
Phosphoric acid, antidotes of, 230 



Phosphoric acid, dilute, 46 
Phosphorus, 176 

antidotes of, 231 

-poisoning, 177 
Physostigma, 178 

-poisoning, 178 
Physostigmin salicylate, 178 

sulphate, 178 
Phytolacca berry, 179 

fruit, 179 

root, 179 
Picrotoxin, 179 
Pills of aloes, 1 79 

and asafetida, 179 
and iron, 180 
and mastich, 180 
and myrrh, 157, 180 

of morphin, 180 

of opium, 180 

of phosphorus, 178, 180 

of rhubarb, 193 
Pilocarpin hydrochlorate, 181 

nitrate, 1 81 
Pilocarpine hydrochloras, 181 

nitras, 1S1 
Pilocarpus, 180 
Pilula saponis composita, 180 
Pilulas aloes, 179 

et asafcetidae, 179 
et ferri, 180 
et mastiches, 180 
et myrrhse, 157, 1 80 

antirnonii composita?, 180 

asafoetidas compositae, 180 

ferri carbonatis, 1 14, 1 80 
composita;, 114 

morphine, 1 80 

opii, 180 

et plumbi, 139 

phosphorati, 178, 180 

rhei, 193 
Pink root, 207 
Piperazin, 182 
Pipsissewa, 86 
Piscidia erythrina, 182 
Pitch-plaster with cantharides, 81 
Pix liquida, 182 
Placebo, 275 
Plasmins, 275 
Plaster, belladonna, 70 

of asafetida, 66 



298 



INDEX. 



Pleurisy root, 66 
Plumbi acetas, 138 

carbonas, 139 

iodidum, 139 

nitras, 140 

oxidum, 139 
Plumbum, 137 
Plummer's pills, 180 
Podophyllin, 183 
Podophyllum, 182 

resin of, 191 
Poison defined, 226 

-emergencies, 226 

-ivy, antidotes of, 231 
Poisons, action of, 226 

and their antidotes, 229 

classification of, 226 

irritant, 226 

narcotic, 227 
Poisoning, acetanilid-, 34 

acetic-acid, 35 

aconite-, 49 

alcohol-, 51 

ammonia-, 54 

amyl-nitrite, 57 

amylene-hydrate, 57 

antimony-, 60 

antipyrin-, 61 

arsenical, 36 

atropin-, 67 

belladonna-, 69 

caffein-, 77 

camphor-, 80 

cantharides-, 82 

carbolic-acid, 40 

chloral-, 86 

chloroform-, 89 

cocain-, 92 

codein-, 93 

colchicin-, 93 

conin-, 95 

copper-sulphate, 96 

croton-oil, 161 

digitalis-, 99 

ergot-, 103 

gelsemium-, 1 17 

gold-, 68 

hydrocyanic-acid, 43 

hyoscyamus-, 126 

iodin-, 129 

iodoform-, 128 



Poisoning, lead-, 137 

lobelia-, 144 

mercurial, 150 

nitric-acid, 45 

nitromuriatic-acid, 45 

opium-, 168 

oxalic-acid, 46 

potassium- chlorate, 88 

phosphorus-, 177 

physostigma-, 178 

potassa-, 184 

prussic-acid, 43 

silver-nitrate, 64 

strychnin-, 160, 209 

sulphuric-acid, 48 

tartaric-acid, 48 

turpentine-, 167 

veratrin-, 221 

veratrum-viride, 222 

what to do in, 228 
Poke-berry, 179 
Pokeroot, 179 
Pomegranate, 120 
Poppy capsules, 183 
Port wine, 51 
Porter, 51 

Potash, antidotes of, 230 
Potassa, 184 

cum calce, 79 

-poisoning, 184 

solution of, 186 

sulphurata, 213 
Potassii acetas, 184 

bicarbonas, 184 

bitartras, 184 

bromidum, 74 

carbonas, 185 

chloras, 87, 185 

citras, 185 

cyanidum, 185 

et sodii tartras, 1 85 

iodidum, 130 

nitras, 183 

permanganas, 147 
Potassium, 183 

acetate, 184 

and sodium tartrate, 185 

arsenite, solution of, 37 

bicarbonate, 184 

bitartrate, 184 

bromid, 74 



INDEX. 



299 



Potassium, carbonate, 1 85 
antidotes of, 230 

chlorate, 87, 185 
poisoning, 88 
troches, 186 

citrate, 185 

cyanid, 185 

ichthyosulphate, 127 

iodid, 130 

nitrite, 158, 183 

permanganate, 147 

tellurate, 186 
Poultice, starch, 58 
Powder of cubeb, 97 

of iron, 113 

of ipecac and opium, 132 
Powdered opium, 170 
Precipitated calcium carbonate, 78 
phosphate, 177 

carbonate of zinc, 224 

sulphur, 213 
Prepared chalk, 85 

lard, 50 
Prickly ash, 223 
Protargol, 275 
Protein, 275 

Protiodid of mercury, 15 1 
Protonuclein, 159 
Prune, 186 
Prunum, 186 
Prunus virginiana, 186 
Prussic acid, 43 

antidotes of, 230 
poisoning, 43 
Pulmonary sedatives, 32 
Pulsatilla, 187 
Pulvis aromaticus, 83, 91, 156 

effervescens compositus, 206 

glycyrrhizre compositus, 141 

ipecacuanhas et opii, 132, 170 

jalapas compositus, 133 

morphinae compositus, 172, 219 

opii, 170 

rhei compositus, 193 
Pumpkin seed, 174 
Pure extract of licorice, 141 
Purgative waters, 236 
Purgatives, 25 
Purified ox-gall, no 
Pyoktanin, 187 
Pyraloxin, 275 



Pyramidon, 275 
Pyrantin, 275 
Pyrazol, 275 
Pyrethrum, 188 
Pyridin, 188 
Pyrogallic acid, 188 
Pyrogallol, 188 
Pyrophosphate of iron, 113 

Quassia, 188 
Quassin, 189 
Queen's root, 207 
Quercus alba, 189 
Quicksilver, 149 
Quinia, 190 
Quinidin, 189 

sulphate, 189 

tan n ate, 189 
Quinin, 190 

antidotes of, 233 

bisulphate, 1 90 

chlorhydrosulphate, 191 

hydrobromate, 191 

hydrochlorate, 191 

salicylate, 191 

valerianate, 191, 220 
Quininse bisulphas, 190 

hydrochloras, 191 

salicylas, 191 

valerianas, 1 9 1, 220 
Quinoidin, 191 

Raspberry, 194 
Rectum, medication by, II 
Red mercuric iodid, 151 

rose, 193 

wine, 51 
Reduced iron, 113 
Refrigerant diuretics, 27 
j Refrigerants, 31 
Remote antacids, 20 

astringents, 23 
Resin, 191 

of copaiba, 95, 191 

of jalap, 191, 133 

of podophyllum, 191 

of scammony, 191, 200 
Resina, 191 

copaibas, 95, 191 

jalapas, 133, 191 

podophylli, 1 91 



300 



INDEX. 



Resina scammonii, 191, 200 
Resorbin, 276 
Resorcin, 102 
Resorcinum, 192 
Respiratory sedatives, 32 

stimulants, 32 
Retinol, 276 
Rhatany, 135 
Rheum, 192 
Rhigolene, 276 
Rhubarb, 192 
Rhus glabra, 193 
Rochelle salt, 185 
Rosa centifolia, 193 

gallica, 193 
Rose- water, 193 
Rosemary, 194 
Rosmarinus, 194 
Rottlera, 134 
Rubefacients, 26 
Rubus, 194 

idseus, 194 
Rumex, 194 

Sabina, 194 

Saccharated carbonate of iron, ill 

pepsin, 175 
Saccharin, 195 
Saccharum lactis, 136, 195 
Sage, 198 

Saigon cinnamon, 91 
Salacetol, 276 
Saleratus, 184 
Salicin, 195 
Salicinum, 195 
Salicylamid, 195 
Salicylate of iron, 1 12 

of theobromin and sodium, 100 
Salicyl-brominilid, 96 
Salicylic acid, 47 
Saline solution, 197 

waters, 236 
Salipyrin, 61, 197 
Salitannol, 276 
Salol, 197 
Salophen, 198 
Sal soda, 205 
Saltpetre, 183 
Salvia, 198 
Sanatogen, 276 
Sandal- wood oil, 166 



Sanguinaria, 198 
Sanoform, 276 
Sanose, 276 
Santonin, 199 
Sarsaparilla, 199 
Savin, 194 

oil of, 165 
Scammonium, 199 
Scammony, 199 

resin of, 191 
Scilla, 200 
Sclerotic acid, 47 
Scoparin, 200 
Scoparius, 200 
Scopolamin, 200 

hydrochlorid, 201 
Sedatives, cardiac, 24 

nerve-, 3 1 

pulmonary, 32 

respiratory, 31 

vascular, ^Z 

vesical, ^ 
Seidlitz powder, 206 
Senega, 201 
Senna, 201 
Serpentaria, 201 
Serum, antistreptococcic, 203 

antitetanic, 203 

antitubercle, 203 
Serums, 202 
Sex and dosage, 18 
Sherry wine, 51 
Silver, 64 

iodid, 64 

nitrate, 64 
diluted, 64 
moulded, 64 
poisoning, 64 

oxid, 64 
Sinapis, 154 

alba, 154 

nigra, 154 
Smooth sumach, 193 
Soap-and-opium liniment, 142 
Soap liniment, 80, 142 
Socotrine aloes, 53 
Sodii arsenas, 37 

benzoas, 71 

bi carbon as, 204 

boras, 40 

bromidum, 75 



INDEX. 



301 



Sodii carbonas, 205 

chloras, 205 

chloridum, 205 

iodidum, 130 

salicylas, 196 

santoninas, 206 
Sodium, 204 

arsenate, 37 
solution of, 37 

benzoate, 71 

biborate, 73 

bicarbonate, 204 

borate, 40 

bromid, 75 

carbonate, 205 
antidotes of, 230 

chlorate, 205 

chlorid, 205 

iodid, 130, 206 

nitrite, 158 

salicylate, 196 

santoninate, 206 

sulphocarbolate, 41 
Soft petrolatum, 175 
Solution, Clemens', 37 

Donovan's, 37 

Fowler's, 37 

Labarraque's, 87 

of acetate of iron and ammonia, 
114 

of arsenic bromid, 37 
and mercuric iodid, 37 

of arsenous acid, 37 

of bimeconate of morphin, 1 72 

of chlorinated soda, 87 

of ferric chlorid, 112 

of lime, 79 

of mercuric nitrate, 152 

of morphin sulphate, 172 

of potassa, 186 

of potassium arsenite, 37 
citrate, 186 

of sodium arsenate, 37 

of sulphate of iron, 1 14 

of zinc chlorid, 224 

Pearson's, 37 
Solutol, 276 
Somnal, 206 
Sozoiodol, 206 
Spanish fly, 81 
Spartein, 206 



Spartein sulphate, 207 
Spasmotin, 276 
Spearmint, 149 

-water, 149 
Spermaceti, 84 
Spigelia, 207 
Spirit of ammonia, 55 

of anise, 59 

of bitter almond, 52 

of ether, 107 

of juniper, 134 

of mindererus, 55 

of nitrous ether, 107 

of nutmeg, 156 
Spirits of camphor, 80 

of chloroform, 88 

of cinnamon, 91 

of lavender, 137 
Spiritus setheris, 107 
compositus, 107 
nitrosi, 103 

ammoniac, 55 

amygdalae am arse, 52 

anisi, 59 

camphorae, 80 

chloroformi, 88 

cinnamomi, 91 

frumenti, 51 

juniperi, 134 
compositus, 134 

lavandula?, 137 

limonis, 140 

myristicae, 156 

vini gallici, 51 
Squibb's diarrhea mixture, 17] 
Squill, 200 

compound syrup of, 60 
Squirting cucumber, IOI 
Starch, 58 

enema, 58 

poultice, 58 
Stigmata maydis, 224 
St. Ignatius's bean, 127 
Stillingia, 207 
Stimulant diuretics, 27 

expectorants, 29 
Stimulants, cardiac, 24 

cerebral, 25 

nerve-, 31 

respiratory, 32 

vascular, 33 



302 



INDEX. 



St. Jacob's oil, 50 
Stomachics, 32 
Stramonium leaves, 207 

seed, 207 
Stronger rose-water, 1 93 
Strontii bromid, 75 

iodidum, 130 
Strontium bromid, 75 

iodid, 130 

salicylate, 196 
Strophanthin, 208 
Strophanthus, 208 
Strychnin, 160, 208 

antidotes of, 232 

arsenate, 210 

-poisoning, 160, 209 

sulphate, 209 
Strychninae sulphas, 209 
Strychnos ignatii, 127 
Styptic collodion, 48, 94 
Stypticin, 210 
Styptics, 30 
Styracol, 214, 276 
Styron, 214 

Subacetate of lead solution, 139 
Subcutaneous injection, II 
Sublimed sulphur, 212 
Succus limonis, 140 
Sugar of lead, 138 

of milk, 136, 195 
Sulphaminol, 21 1 
Sulphate of copper, 96 
as an emetic, 234 

of iron, 1 1 3 

of lobelin, 144 

of zinc as an emetic, 234 
Sulphocarbolate of sodium, 41 
Sul phonal, 210 
Sulphur, 211 

fumigation, 21 1 

iodid, 213 

lotum, 213 

ointment, 213 

prsecipitatum, 213 

sublimatum, 212 
Sulphurated lime, 79, 213 

potassa, 213 
Sulphuretted waters, 237 
Sulphuric acid, 47 
antidotes of, 230 
dilute, 47 



Sulphuric-acid poisoning, 48 
Sulphurous acid, 48 
Sumbul, 214 
Suppositoria glycerini, 1 19 

iodoformi, 128 
Suppositories of asafetida, 66 
Suprarenal gland, 213 
Sweet almond, 52 
emulsion of, 53 
expressed oil of, 53 
syrup of, 53 

flag, 78 

spirit of nitre, 107 

tincture of rhubarb, 192 
Synaptase, 277 
Syrup of bitter almond, 52 

of blackberry, 194 

of bromid of iron, 113 

of ginger, 118 

of iodid of iron, 112, 1 14 

of ipecac, 13 1 

of krameria, 135 

of lactucarium, 136 

of lime, 80 

of poppy capsules, 183 

of prunus virginiana, 187 

of rhubarb, 192 

of rose, 194 

of senega, 201 

of squill, 200 
compound, 60 

of sweet almond, 53 

of tar, 182 

of the phosphates of iron, quinin, 
and strychnin, 114 

of tolu, 69 
Syrupus allii, 52 

amygdalae, 53 
amarae, 52 

calcis, 80 

ferri bromidi, 1 13 
iodidi, 112, 114 
quininae, et strychninae phos- 
phatum, 1 14 

ipecacuanha?, 131 

kramerias, 135 

lactucarium, 136 

papaveris, 183 

picis liquidae, 182 

pruni virginianae, 1 87 

rhei, 192 



INDEX. 



303 



Syrupus rhei aromaticus, 192 
rosae, 194 
rubi, 194 

idaei, 194 
sarsaparillae compositus, 199 
scillae, 200 

compositus, 60, 200 
senegas, 201 
zingiberis, 118 

Taka diastase, 277 
Tannalbin, 277 
Tannate of cannabin, 81 

of pelletierine, 120 

of quinidin, 189 
Tannic acid, 48 
glycerite of, 48 
ointment, 48 
troches of, 48 
Tannigen, 277 
Tannoform, 277 
Tannon, 277 
Tanosol, 277 
Tanret's pelletierine, 120 
Tar, 182 

ointment, 182 

-water, 182 
Taraxacum, 214 
Tartar emetic, 59, 235 
Tartaric acid, 48 

antidotes of, 230 
poisoning, 48 
Temperature and dosage, 19 
Temperatures, comparative, 239 
Tenalin, 277 
Tenerin, 277 
Terebene, 214 
Terebinthina, 214 
Terpin hydrate, 215 
Terpinol, 215 
Tetronal, 215 
Thallin, 215 
Thea camellia, 215 
Thebain, 173 
Theobromin and sodium salicylate, 

196 
Thermodin, 277 
Thiersch powder, 216 
Thilonin, 277 
Thiol, 216 
Thioresorcin, 277 



Thiosinamin, 277 
Thioxydiphenylamin, 211 
Thoroughwort, 109 
Thymacetin, 277 
Thymol, 216 

iodid, 65 
Thyroid extract, 217 
Thyroidin, 217 
Tinctura aconiti, 50 

aloes et myrrhas, 157 

arnicas riorum, 65 
radicis, 65 

asafcetidae, 66 

belladonnas, 70 

benzoini, 71 
composita, 71 

cacti grandiflora, 77 

calumbas, 79 

cantharidis, 81 

capsici, 83 

cardamorni, 8^ 
composita, 83 

catechu composita, 84 

chiratae, 86 

cimicifugae, 90 

cinchonae, 90 
composita, 90 

cinnamomi, 91 

colchici seminis, 94 

cubebae, 98 

digitalis, 99 

ergotae, 103 

ferri chloridi, 112 

gallae, 116 

gelsemii, 117 

gentianae composita, 1 18 

guaiaci, 121 

ammoniata, 1 21 

hydrastis, 124 

hyoscyami, 125 

ignatiae, 127 

iodi, 131 

ipecacuanhas et opii, 131, 171 

kino, 134 

kramerias, 1 35 

lactucarii, 136 

lavandulae composita, 137 

lobelias, 144 

matico, 148 

moschi, 154 

myrrhae, 156 



304 



INDEX. 



Tinctura nucis vomicae, 161 
opii, 170 

camphorata, 80, 1 71 

composita, 171 

deodorata, 170 
physostigmatis, 178 
pyrethri, 188 
quassise, 189 
rhei, 192 

aromatica, 192 

dulcis, 192 
sanguinariae, 198 
scillae, 200 
serpentarke, 202 
stramonii seminis, 208 
strophanthi, 208 
sumbul, 214 
Valerianae, 220 

ammoniatae, 220 
veratri viridis, 222 
zingiberis, 118 
Tincture of aconite, 50 
of aloes, 53 

and myrrh, 53, 157 
of arnica flowers, 65 

root, 65 
of asafetida, 66 
of belladonna, 70 
of benzoin, 71 
of berberis, 72 
of bitter orange, 68 
of blood-root, 198 
of bryonia, 76 
of calumba, 79 
of cantharides, 81 
of capsicum, 83 
of cardamom, 83 
of chiretta, 86 
of chlorid of iron, 1 12 
of cimicifuga, 90 
of cinchona, 90 
of cinnamon, 91 
of colchicum seed, 94 
of cubeb, 98 
of digitalis, 99 
of ergot, 103 
of gelsemium, 117 
of ginger, 118 
of guaiac, 121 
of hydrastis, 124 
of hyoscyamus, 125 



Tincture of ignatia, 127 

of iodin, 131 

of ipecac and opium, 1 3 1, 1 71 

of kino, 134 

of krameria, 135 

of lactucarium, 136 

of lobelia, 144 

of matico, 148 

of musk, 154 

of myrrh, 156 

of nutgall, 116 

of nux vomica, 167 

of perchlorid of iron, 112 

of physostigma, 178 

of pyrethrum, 188 

of quassia, 189 

of rhubarb, 192 

of serpeniaria, 202 

of squill, 200 

of stramonium, 208 

of strophanthus, 208 

of sumbul, 214 

of valerian, 220 

of veratrum viride, 222 
Tobacco, antidotes of, 232 
Toleration, 19 
Tolypyrin, 217 

salicylate, 218 
Tolysal, 218 
Tonics, 32 

gastric, 32 

vascular, 33 
Tragacanth, 218 
Traumatol, 277 
Tribromphenol, 75 

-bismuth, 223 
Tricresol, 218 
Triiodid of caffein, 78 
Trimethylamin, 277 
Trinitrin, 158 
Trional, 218 
Triple rose-water, 193 
Triticum, 218 
Trituratio elaterini, 101 
Trituration of elaterin, 101 
Troches of catechu, 84 

of chalk, 85 

of cubeb, 98 

of ginger, 118 

of guaiac, 1 21 

of ipecac, 132 



INDEX. 



305 



Troches of iron, 114 

of krameria, 135 

of licorice and opium, 141 

of morphin and ipecac, 132, 172 

of opium, 171 

of potassium chlorate, 88, 186 

of santonin, 199 

of sodium bicarbonate, 204 
santoninate, 206 

of tannic acid, 48 
Trochisci catechu, 84 

cretae, 85 

cubebae, 98 

ferri, 1 14 

glycyrrhizae et opii, 141 

guaiaci compositi, 121 

ipecacuanha, 132 

krameriae, 135 

menthae piperitae, 149 

morphinae et ipecacuanha, 132, 
172 

opii, 171 

potassii chloratis, 88, 186 

santonini, 199 

sodii bicarbonatis, 204 
santoninatis, 206 

zingiberis, 118 
Tropacocain, 92, 277 
Tuberculin, 203, 218 
Tully's powder, 172, 219 
Tumenol, 277 
Turpentine, 214 

liniment, 142 

oil of, 166 

-poisoning, 167 

stupe, 166 
Tussol, 277 

Unguentum acidi tannici, 48 

aquae rosae, 193 

belladonnae, 70 

gallae, 116 
cum opii, 116 

hydrargyri, 153 

iodoformi, 128 

picis liquidae, 182 

sulphuris, 213 

veratrinae, 221 

zinci oxidi, 225 
Unslacked lime, 79 
Ural, 219 

20 



Uralium, 219 
Urethane, 219 
Uricedin, 219 
Uropherin, 277 
Urotropin, 219 
Ursin, 63 

Uterine depressants, 33 
Uva ursi, 219 

Valerian, 220 

Valeriana, 220 

Valerianate of guaiacol, 122 

of iron, 1 1 3, 220 
Valerianic ether, 221 
Vapor creosoti, 97 
Vascular sedatives, 33 

stimulants, 33 

tonics, 33 
Vaselin, 175 
Veratrin, 221 

-poisoning, 221 
Veratrina, 221 
Veratrum viride, 221 
Vesical sedatives, 33 
Vesicants, 26 

Viburnum prunifolium, 222 
Vienna paste, 79 
Vinegar, 35 
Vinum album, 51 

antimonii, 60 

colchici radicis, 93 
seminis, 94 

ergotae, 103 

ferri amarum, 1 14 
citratis, 115 

ipecacuanhae, 132 

opii, 170 

picis, 182 

portense, 51 

rubrum, 51 

xericum, 51 
Virginia snake root, 201 
Volatile oil of mustard, 156, 166 
Vomiting, induction of, in poisoning, 
228 

Wahoo, 109 
Warburg's tincture, 223 
Warming plaster, 81 
Washed sulphur, 213 
Washing-soda, 205 



306 



INDEX. 



Water, 62 

of ammonia, 54 

of bitter almond, 52 
Weight and dosage, 18 
Weights and measures, 237 
Whiskey, 51 
White arsenic, 35 

lead, 139 

mustard, 154 

oak, 189 

wine, 51 
Wild cherry, 186 
Wine, 51 

of aloes, 53 

of antimony, 60 

of citrate of iron, 115 

of colchicum root, 93 
seed, 94 

of ergot, 103 

of ipecac, 132 
as an emetic, 234 

of opium, 170 

of tar, 182 
Wintergreen, 117 

oil of, 162 
Witch-hazel, 1 22 
Wood charcoal, 85 

Xanthoxyun, 223 
Xanthoxylum, 223 
Xeroform, 223 
Xylene, 224 
Xylenum, 224 
Xylol, 224 



Yellow dock, 194 
jasmine, 117 

mercuric subsulphate, 152 
mercurous iodid, 151 
oxid of mercury, 151 
wash, 152 

Yerba santa, 103 

Yolk of egg, 101 

Zea, 224 
Zinc, 224 

acetate, 224 

bromid, 224 

chlorid, 224 

iodid, 131, 225 

ointment, 225 

oleate, 225 

oxid, 225 

phosphid, 177, 225 

sulphate, 225 

sulphocarbolate, 225 

valerianate, 220, 225 
Zinci acetas, 224 

bromidum, 224 

carbonas prsecipitatus, 224 

chloridum, 224 

iodidum, 131, 225 

oxidum, 225 

phosphidum, 225 

sulphas, 225 

sulphocarbolas, 225 

valerianas, 220, 225 
Zincum, 224 
Zingiber, 118 *+J 



CATALOGUE 



OF 



Books on Nursing 

AND BOOKS SPECIALLY IN- 
TERESTING FOR NURSES 

Books sent to any address, prepaid, on receipt of 
the price herein given 

PAGE 

American Pocket Medical Dictionary 2 

American Text-Book of Nursing 8 

Chapin's Compendium of Insanity 3 

Grafstrom's Mechano-Therapy 4 

Griffith's Care of the Baby 5 

Griffith's Infant's Weight Chart 5 

Hampton's Nursing 4 

Hare's Essentials of Physiology 7 

Hart's Diet in Sickness and in Health 8 

Laine's Temperature Chart 8 

Martin's Essentials of Minor Surgery and Bandaging 7 

Meigs's Feeding in Early Infancy 5 

Morris's Essentials of Materia Medica, Therapeutics, and Prescrip- 
tion-Writing 6 

Morten's Nurses' Dictionary 8 

Nancrede's Essentials of Anatomy 7 

Pye's Elementary Bandaging and Surgical Dressing 4 

Stevens's Manual of Materia Medica and Therapeutics 6 

Stevens's Manual of Practice of Medicine 6 

Stoney's Materia Medica for Nurses 3 

Stoney's Practical Points in Nursing 2 

^?* 5^* e^* c^* 

W. B. SAUNDERS 

925 WALNUT STREET PHILADELPHIA 



Practical Points in Nursing, Second mtjm 

c m r» . A r. . . Thoroughly Revised. 

for Nurses in Private Practice. 

By Emily A. M. Stoney, late Superintendent of the Training- 
School for Nurses, Carney Hospital, South Boston, Mass. 456 
pages, handsomely illustrated. Cloth. Price, $1.75 net. 

In this volume the author explains the entire range of private 
nursing as distinguished from hospital nursing, and the nurse is 
instructed how best to meet the various emergencies of medical 
and surgical cases when distant from medical or surgical aid or 
when thrown on her own resources. An especially valuable feat- 
ure of the work will be found in the directions to the nurse how 
to improvise everything ordinarily needed in the sick-room. 

The Appendix contains much information that will be found 
of great value to the nurse, including Rules for Feeding the Sick ; 
Recipes for Invalid Foods and Beverages ; Tables of Weights and 
Measures ; List of Abbreviations ; Dose- List ; and a complete 
Glossary of Medical Terms and Nursing Treatment. 

" This is a well-written, eminently practical volume, which covers the entire 
range of private nursing, and instructs the nurse how to meet the various emer- 
gencies which may arise and how to prepare everything needed in the illness of 
her patient." — American Journal of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children. 

The American Pocket Medical Dictionary. 

Second Edition, Revised. 

Edited by W. A. Newman Dorland, M.D., Assistant Obstet- 
rician to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania ; Fellow 
of the American Academy, of Medicine, etc. Handsomely bound 
in flexible leather, limp, with gold edges and patent thumb index. 
Price, $1.25 net. 

Over 26,000 Words, 64 Valuable Tables, 

This is the ideal pocket lexicon. It is an absolutely new book, 
and not a revision of any old work. It gives the pronunciation 
of all the terms. It contains 5000 more words than any other 
pocket dictionary. It makes a special feature of the newer words 
neglected by other dictionaries. It contains a wealth of anatom- 
ical tables of special value to students. It forms a handy volume, 
indispensable to every medical man, and nurse. 

"This dictionary is, beyond all doubt, the best one among pocket diction- 
aries." — St. Louis Medical and Surgical Jotirnal. 

"This is one of the handiest little dictionaries for the pocket that we have 
ever seen. Its definitions are short, concise, and complete, so that it contains 
within a small space as many words, satisfactorily defined, as are found in some 
of the much larger volumes." — American Medico-Surgical Bulletin. 

2 



Materia Medica for Nurses. j U8 t issued. 

By Emily A. M. Stoney, (Graduate of the Training-School 

for Nurses, Lawrence, Mass. ; late Superintendent of the Training- 
School for Nurses, Carney Hospital, South Boston, Mass. Hand- 
some octavo volume of 300 pages. Cloth. Price, $1.50 net. 

The present book differs from other similar works in several 
features, all of which are intended to render it more practical and 
generally useful. The subject matter is arranged in alphabetical 
order, which not only renders it more convenient for stud}- as a 
text-book, but also adds materially to its value as a work of refer- 
ence for ready consultation. 

The general plan of the contents follows the lines laid down 
in training-schools for nurses, but the book contains much useful 
matter not usually included in works of this character. The con- 
sideration of the drugs includes their names, both English and 
Latin, their sources and composition, their various preparations, 
physiologic actions, directions for handling and administering, 
and the symptoms and treatment of poisoning. 

The Appendix contains much practical matter, such as Poison- 
emergencies, Ready Dose-list, Weights and Measures, etc., as well 
as a Glossary, denning all the terms used in Materia Medica, and 
describing all the latest drugs and remedies, which have been 
generally neglected by other books of the kind. The work will 
be found extremely practical and absolutely up to date. 

A Compendium of Insanity. 



By John B. Chapin, M.D., LL.I)., Physician-in- Chief, Penn- 
sylvania Hospital for the Insane ; late Physician-Superintendent 
of the Willard State Hospital, New York ; Honorary Member of 
the Medico-Psychological Society of Great Britain and of the 
Society of Mental Medicine of Belgium. 121110, 234 pages, 
illustrated. Cloth, Sr.25 net. 

The author has given, in a condensed and concise form, a 
compendium of Diseases of the Mind, for the convenient use and 
aid of physicians and students. It contains a clear, con< ise state- 
ment of the clinical aspects of the various abnormal mental con- 
ditions, with directions as to the most approved methods of man- 
aging and treating the insane. 

"The practical parts of Dr. Chapin's book ;nv uli.it constitute its distinctive 
merit. We desire especially, however, to call attention to the fact that in the 
subject of the therapeutics of insanity the work is ■ valuable 

author has made a distinct addition to the literature of his specialty." — Phila- 
delphia Medical Journal. 

3 



Nursing: Its Principles and Practice. 

Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged. 

By Isabel Adams Hampton, Graduate of the New York 
Training-School for Nurses attached to Bellevue Hospital ; Su- 
perintendent of Nurses and Principal of the Training-School for 
Nurses, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md. Handsome 
i2mo volume of 512 pages, illustrated. Price, Cloth, $2.00 net. 

This original work is at once comprehensive and systematic. 
It is written in a clear and readable style, suitable alike to the 
student and the lay reader. Such a work is of especial value to the 
graduated nurse who desires to acquire a practical working knowl- 
edge of the care of the sick and the hygiene of the sick-room. 

A Text=Book of Mechanotherapy Just 

(Massage and Medical Gymnastics). 

By Axel V. Grafstrom, B. Sc, M.D., late Lieutenant in the 
Royal Swedish Army ; late House Physician, City Hospital, 
Blackwell's Island, New York. 121110, 139 pages, illustrated. 
Cloth, $1.00 net. 

This book is intended as a practical manual of the methods of 
massage and Swedish movements, so rapidly becoming popular in 
this country. It describes clearly and shows by illustration the 
various movements of the system and their mode of application 
to all parts of the body, and indicates definitely the particular 
ones applicable to the various conditions of disease. 

Elementary Bandaging and 
Surgical Dressing. 

With Directions concerning the Immediate Treatment of Cases 
of Emergency. By Walter Pye, F.R.C.S., late Surgeon to St. 
Mary's Hospital, London. Small i2mo, with over 80 illustra- 
tions. Cloth, flexible covers, 75 cents net. 

This little book is chiefly a condensation of those portions of 
Pye's "Surgical Handicraft" which deal with bandaging, splint- 
ing, etc., and of those which treat of the management in the first 
instance of cases of emergency. The directions given are thor- 
oughly practical, and the book will prove extremely useful to 
students, surgical nurses, and dressers. 

" The author writes well, the diagrams are clear, and the book itself is small 
and portable, although the paper and type are good." — British Medical Journal. 

4 



The Care of the Baby. Second EditIon 

J Revised. 

By J. P. Crozer Griffith, M.D., Clinical Professor of Dis- 
eases of Children, University of Pennsylvania ; Physician to the 
Children's Hospital, Philadelphia, etc. 404 pages, with 67 illus- 
trations in the text, and 5 plates. i2mo. Price, $1.50. 

A reliable guide not only for mothers, but also for medical 
students, nurses, and practitioners whose opportunities for observ- 
ing children have been limited. 

The very gratifying success attending the first edition of this 
work has made the author desirous of bringing the present edition 
thoroughly up to the demands of the times. The entire book 
has been submitted to a complete revision, several new illustrations 
have been added, and the work has been considerably enlarged. 

"The whole book is characterized by rare good sense, and is evidently 
written by a master hand. It can be read with benefit not only by mothers, but 
by medical students and by any practitioners who have nol had large oppor- 
tunities for observing children." — American Journal of Obstetrics. 

Infant's Weight Chart. 

Designed by J. P. Crozer Griffith, M.D., Clinical Professor 
of Diseases of Children in the University of Pennsylvania. 25 
charts in each pad. Price per pad, 50 cents net. 

A convenient blank for keeping a record of the child's weight 
during the first two years of life. Printed 011 each chart i^ a 
curve representing the average weight of a health} infant, so that 
any deviation from the normal can readily be detected. 

Feeding in Early Infancy. 

P>y Arthur V. Meigs, M.l). Hound in limp (loth, flush 
edges. Price, 25 cents net. 

Synopsis: Analyses of Milk — Importance of the- Sul»;e< t of 
Feeding in Early Infancy— Proportion of Casein and Sugar in 
Human Milk— Time to Begin Artificial Feeding of Infants- 
Amount of Food to be Administered at Each Feeding- Intervals 
between Feedings — Increase in Amount of food at Different 
Periods of Infant Development — Unsuitableness of Cond 
Milk as a Substitute for Mother's Milk— Objections to Steriliza- 
tion or " Pasteurization " of Milk — Advances made in the Method 
of Artificial Feeding of Infants. 

5 



A Manual of Practice of Medicine. 

Fifth Edition, Revised and Enlarged. 

By A. A. Stevens, A.M., M.D., Instructor in Physical Diag- 
nosis in the University of Pennsylvania, and Professor of Pathol- 
ogy in the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania. Post 8vo, 
519 pages. Numerous illustrations and selected formulae. Price, 
bound in flexible leather, $2.00 net. 

It is well-nigh impossible for the student, with the limited 
time at his disposal, to master elaborate treatises or to cull from 
them that knowledge which is absolutely essential. From an ex- 
tended experience in teaching, the author has been enabled, by 
classification, to group allied symptoms, and to bring within a 
comparatively small compass a complete outline of the practice 
of medicine. 

Manual of Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 

Second Edition, Revised. 

By A. A. Stevens, A.M., M.D., Instructor in Physical Diag- 
nosis in the University of Pennsylvania, and Professor of Pathol- 
ogy in the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania. 445 
pages. Price, bound in flexible leather, $2.25. 

This wholly new volume, which is based on the last edition 
of the Pharmacopoeia, comprehends the following sections : Phys- 
iological Action of Drugs ; Drugs ; Remedial Measures other 
than Drugs ; Applied Therapeutics ; Incompatibility in Prescrip- 
tions ; Table of Doses ; Index of Drugs ) and Index of Diseases, 
the treatment being elucidated by more than two hundred formulae. 

" The author is to be congratulated upon having presented the medical 
student with as accurate a manual of therapeutics as it is possible to prepare." — 
Therapeutic Gazette. 

Essentials of Materia Medica, Thera= Fifth 

■™™™^^™»«"""^^— ■— -^ =— «^— «— Edition, 

peutics, and Prescription=Writing. Revised. 

By Henry Morris, M.D., late Demonstrator of Therapeutics, 
Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia ; Fellow of the College 
of Physicians, Philadelphia, etc. Crown octavo, 288 pages. 
Cloth, $1.00; interleaved for notes, $1.25. 

" This work, already excellent in the old edition, has been largely improved 
by revision." — American Practitioner and News. 

6 



Essentials of Anatomy, Fjfth 

Including the Anatomy of the Viscera. Edition. 

By Charles B. Nancrede, M.D., Professor of Surgery and 
of Clinical Surgery in the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 
Crown octavo, 388 pages; 180 illustrations. With an Appendix 
containing over 60 illustrations of the osteology of the human 
body. Based upon Gray's Anatomy. Cloth, 51.00; interleaved 
for notes, $1.25. 

"For self-quizzing and keeping fresh in mind the know!' ' .my 

gained at school, it would not be easy to speak of it in terms too favorable." — 
American Practitioner. 

Essentials of Physiology. ^v^T"' 

By H. A. Hare, M.D., Professor of Therapeutics and Materia 
Medica in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia ; Physi- 
cian to the Jefferson Medical College Hospital. Containing a 
series of handsome illustrations from the celebrated " [cones Ner- 
vorum Capitis" of Arnold. Crown octavo, 239 pages. Cloth, 
$1.00 net; interleaved for notes, $1.25 net. 

"The best condensation of physiological knowledge we have 

Medical Record, New York. 

"Contains the essence of its subject. No better boi ' 
duced, and every student would do well to | 
Journal. 



Essentials of Minor Surgery, 



Bandaging, and BdwoB 

Venereal Diseases. 



Second 
. t . 
Ret Ised. 



By Edward Martin, A.M., M.D., Clinical 

Genito-Urinarv Diseases, University of Pennsylvan 

octavo, 166 pages, with 78 illustrations. Cloth, >..oo; 

leaved for notes. $1.25. 

"A very practical and systematic study 
author's familiarity with the needs of ' 

7 



The Nurse's Dictionary 

of Medical Terms and Nursing Treatment. 

By Honnor Morten, author of " How to Become a Nurse," 
''Sketches of Hospital Life," etc. Containing Definitions of 
the Principal Medical and Nursing Terms, Abbreviations, and 
Physiological Names, and Descriptions of the Instruments, Drugs, 
Diseases, Accidents, Treatments, Operations, Foods, Appliances, 
etc. encountered in the ward or the sick-room. i6mo, 140 pages. 
Price, Cloth, $1.00. 

This little volume is intended for use merely as a small refer- 
ence-book which can be consulted at the bedside or in the ward. 
It gives sufficient explanation to the nurse to enable her to com- 
prehend a case until she has leisure to look up larger and fuller 
works on the subject. 

Diet in Sickness and in Health. 

By Mrs. Ernest Hart, late Student of the Faculty of Medi- 
cine of Paris and of the London School of Medicine for Women ; 
with an Introduction by Sir Henry Thompson, F.R.C.S., M.D., 
London. 220 pages; illustrated. Price, Cloth, $1.50. 

Useful to those who have to nurse, feed, and prescribe for the 
sick. In each case the accepted causation of the disease and the 
reasons for the special diet prescribed are briefly described. Med- 
ical men will find the dietaries and recipes practically useful, and 
likely to save trouble in directing the dietetic treatment of patients. 

Temperature Chart. 

Prepared by D. T. Lain£, M.D. Size 8x13^ inches. Price, 
per pad of 25 charts, 50 cents. 

A conveniently arranged chartfor recording Temperature, with 
columns for daily amounts of Urinary and Fecal Excretions, Food, 
Remarks, etc. On the back of each chart is given in full the 
method of Brand in the treatment of Typhoid Fever. 



IN PREPARATION, 



An American Text=Book of Nursing. 

By American Teachers. Edited by Roberta M. West, late 
Superintendent of Nurses in the Hospital of the University of 
Pennsylvania. 

8 



APR 14 1899 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



DDDELlDDflTL 



